Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 15 5 2018 10 10 283 293 EN Mehrdad Abdinian Associate Professor, Dental Implant Research Center, Department of oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Marzieh Ghaiour Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2017 12 27 2018 05 12 Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different filtrations and slice thicknesses of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the detection of occlusal caries. Materials and Methods: One-hundred teeth were selected for this ex-vivo experimental study. The CBCT images of the teeth were evaluated and scored by two observers in panoramic and cross-sectional views using different slice thicknesses and filtrations. Paired t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the least significant difference (LSD) test were used to compare the data with the histological gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of each slice thickness and filtration (P<0.05). Results: The mean score of true caries detection in cross-sectional views was lower than that in panoramic views (P<0.05). Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant difference in the mean of true detections in different thicknesses of cross-sectional views, but this difference was significant only between 5 mm thickness and other thicknesses in panoramic views. On all the views, increasing the thickness decreased the accuracy of caries detection. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant difference between different filtrations; on all the views, increasing the filtration increased the accuracy of caries detection. Conclusions: An increase of filtration of CBCT images increases the accuracy of occlusal caries detection; however, an increase in slice thickness results in a lower diagnostic accuracy. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2305