Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 12 5 2016 02 09 352 363 EN Abdollah Ghorbanzadeh Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry/Dental Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohsen Aminsobhani Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry/Dental Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ahad Khoshzaban Assistant Professor, Bio Dental Materials Department, Bio Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Armin Abbaszadeh Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry/Dental Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behnam Bolhari Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry/Dental Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Atiyeh Ghorbanzadeh Undergraduate Student, Semmelwies university, Budapest, Hungary Ahmad Reza Shamshiri Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Assistant Professor, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 12 2015 10 12 Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxic effects and osteogenic activity of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP2) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n- HA) adjacent to MG-63 cell line. Materials and Methods: To assess cytotoxicity, the 4,5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and oste- ogenic activity were evaluated using Alizarin red and the von Kossa staining and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: The n-HA/CS mixture significantly promoted cell growth in comparison to pure calcium sulfate (CS). Moreover, addition of rhBMP2 to CS (P=0.02) and also mixing CS with n-HA led to further increase in extracellular calcium production and ALP activity (P=0.03). Conclusion: This in vitro study indicates that a scaffold material in combination with an osteoinductive material is effective for bone matrix formation. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/309 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/309/291