Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 15 5 2018 10 10 266 274 EN Maryam Khoroushi DDS, MS. Professor, Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Sanaz Ziaei Postgraduate Student of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Farinaz Shirban Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Fatemeh Tavakol Postgraduate Student of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 09 20 2018 02 14 Objectives: Irrigation plays a critical role in endodontic treatment. Various single and combined irrigants and irrigation protocols are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of some common irrigation protocols on the coronal fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth undergoing bleaching. Materials and Methods: After preparation of access cavities in 120 maxillary premolars, the teeth were divided into five groups (n=24) based on the irrigation protocol; G1:2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), G2: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), G3: NaOCl+CHX, G4: NaOCl+ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), G5: NaOCl+EDTA+CHX. Each group was subdivided into 2 subgroups of A: non-bleached (NB) and B: bleached (B). In subgroup B, the teeth underwent in-office and at-home bleaching techniques using 38% hydrogen peroxide and 20% carbamide peroxide gels for 3 weeks. The teeth were restored with composite resin, thermocycled, incubated for 24 hours, and underwent fracture resistance tests. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test (α=0.05). Results: T-test showed significant differences between every two corresponding groups (P<0.0001). In subgroup A, the minimum fracture resistance was recorded in G1. Also, G2 specimens exhibited a significantly higher fracture resistance compared to G1, G4, and G5. In subgroup B, G2 specimens exhibited a significantly higher fracture resistance compared to G1 and G4 that were irrigated using NaOCl and NaOCl+EDTA. Conclusions: It can be concluded that irrigation protocols can affect the coronal fracture resistance of bleached endodontically treated teeth, and specific irrigation protocols can be recommended for teeth undergoing bleaching.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2147

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 15 5 2018 10 10 275 282 EN Reza Yazdani Associate Professor, Department of Community Oral Health, Research Center for Caries Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran Ehsan NasrEsfahani Dentist, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Kharazifard PhD Candidate of Epidemiology, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 12 04 2018 06 28 Objectives: This study sought to assess the relationship of oral health literacy (OHL)of the parents with DMFT index ofthemselves and their children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 258 children presenting to the Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Departments of XXX in 2016 along with their parents. The parents were asked to fill out the OHL questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which had been previously confirmed in the Iranian and non-Iranian populations. Also, both parents and children were clinically examined to determine their DMFT index according to the WHOcriteria. Backward linear regression model was applied to assess the effect of demographic factors on OHL, behavioral habits and DMFT. The Pearson’s bivariate correlation was used to assess the relationship of OHL, behavioral habits and health indices. Results: A significant linear correlation was noted between OHL of the parents with (f) in children. Only 48.5% of parents had adequate OHL. Children whose parents had adequate OHL had a significantly higher (f) and lower (m). Children whose parents had inadequate or marginal OHL had significantly lower (f) and higher (m). Conclusion: Higher OHL of the parents significantly improves the DMFT index of themselves and their children and enhances their oral health behavior. Thus, programs must be implemented in developing countries like Iran to promote the OHL of the parents and consequently improve the oral health status of children. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2262

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 15 5 2018 10 10 283 293 EN Mehrdad Abdinian Associate Professor, Dental Implant Research Center, Department of oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Marzieh Ghaiour Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2017 12 27 2018 05 12 Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different filtrations and slice thicknesses of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the detection of occlusal caries. Materials and Methods: One-hundred teeth were selected for this ex-vivo experimental study. The CBCT images of the teeth were evaluated and scored by two observers in panoramic and cross-sectional views using different slice thicknesses and filtrations. Paired t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the least significant difference (LSD) test were used to compare the data with the histological gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of each slice thickness and filtration (P<0.05). Results: The mean score of true caries detection in cross-sectional views was lower than that in panoramic views (P<0.05). Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant difference in the mean of true detections in different thicknesses of cross-sectional views, but this difference was significant only between 5 mm thickness and other thicknesses in panoramic views. On all the views, increasing the thickness decreased the accuracy of caries detection. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant difference between different filtrations; on all the views, increasing the filtration increased the accuracy of caries detection. Conclusions: An increase of filtration of CBCT images increases the accuracy of occlusal caries detection; however, an increase in slice thickness results in a lower diagnostic accuracy. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2305

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 15 5 2018 10 10 294 299 EN Sedigheh Khedmat Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Aminipor Dentist, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Pourhajibagher Researcher, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Kharazifar Statistical Advisor, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas Bahador Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 02 14 2018 07 03 Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial activities of OrthoMTA, RetroMTA, and ProRoot MTA against Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi). Materials and Methods: Each material was mixed on a glass slab using a spatula and was placed in columns containing the filter membrane of the modified membrane-enclosed immersion test (MEIT) system. The materials were sterilized after setting. The columns containing the sterilized test materials were placed in microcentrifuge tubes containing 500 µl of bacterial suspension. The systems were then incubated at 37°C under anaerobic conditions. After 72 hours, the bacterial growth and concentration (colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml) were assessed. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test in SPSS 22 software. In all analyses, the differences were considered significant at P<0.05. Results: OrthoMTA had the highest antibacterial activity against Pi. The mean number of CFU/ml of Fn in the presence of ProRoot MTA and RetroMTA was significantly lower than that in positive controls. There were significant differences between the antibacterial activities of ProRoot MTA and OrthoMTA against Pg compared to positive controls. Conclusions: ProRoot MTA, OrthoMTA, and RetroMTA had similar antibacterial activities against the three evaluated anaerobic endodontic bacteria, except RetroMTA against Pg.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2404

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 15 5 2018 10 10 300 308 EN Zohreh Estaki Postgraduate student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hossein Afshar Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Sara Ghadimi Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Samira Derakhshan Assistant professor, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2018 04 25 2018 07 14 Objectives: This in-vitro study aimed to compare the push-out bond strength of composite resin posts packed into the root canal of primary anterior teeth using two different layering techniques. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into two groups. In group 1, after the preparation of post spaces, a posterior composite resin (Filtek P60) was packed in three horizontal layers by a composite condenser instrument with a cylindrical tip using the horizontal layering technique (HLT). In group 2, this was done using a condenser with a conical tip in three funnel-shaped layers according to the funnel-shaped layering technique (FSLT). Next, the specimens were subjected to push-out bond strength testing. Data were analyzed using t-test and the Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: The mean±standard deviation (SD) bond strengths of composite resin posts were 8.46±3.45 MPa and 7.7±2.24 MPa for the HLT and FSLT, respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.46). Conclusions: The layering technique by which composite resin was packed into the root canal of primary anterior teeth (HLT versus FSLT) had no significant effect on the push-out bond strength of composite resin posts.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2527

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 15 5 2018 10 10 309 316 EN Sara Soheilifar Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Mohsen Bidgoli Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Amirarsalan Hooshyarfard Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Armaghan Shahbazi Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Farshid Vahdatinia Dental Surgeon, Dental Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Fahime Khoshkhooie Private Dentist, Hamadan, Iran 2018 05 05 2018 07 11 Objectives: Considering the optimal efficacy of bromelain for pain relief and wound healing, this study aimed to assess the effect of bromelain on wound healing, pain, and bleeding at the donor site following free gingival grafting (FGG). Materials and Methods: This randomized, controlled double-blind clinical trial was performed on 26 patients with gingival recession. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of bromelain and placebo (n=13). Treatment was started on the day of surgery and was continued for 10 days. Pain, bleeding, and epithelialization at the donor site were the variables evaluated in this study using a questionnaire. The level of pain was determined using a visual analog scale (VAS) considering the number of analgesic tablets taken within 7 days postoperatively. Bleeding was determined according to the patient’s report, and epithelization was assessed by applying 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the donor site. The donor site epithelialization was assessed at 7 and 10 days after surgery. Results: Bromelain caused a significant reduction in pain at the donor site (2.605±0.509) compared to the placebo (4.885±0.519; P<0.05). The number of donor sites with complete epithelialization was higher in the bromelain group compared to the placebo, but this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The two groups were the same regarding postoperative bleeding (P>0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that oral bromelain (500 mg/day) can be effective in the reduction of pain at the donor site after FGG and may also enhance wound healing. Oral bromelain does not increase the risk of postoperative bleeding.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2541

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 15 5 2018 10 10 317 324 EN Ghassem Ansari Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahnaz Fathi Fellow Graduate, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud Fallahinejad Ghajari Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Majid Bargrizan https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2338 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/2338/1787

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 6 2020 06 24 450 457 Masoumeh Hasani Tabatabaei Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh Sadeghi Mahounak Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nafiseh Asgari Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zohreh Moradi Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 01 07 2019 08 19 Objectives: Toothpastes and mouthwashes contain ingredients that may be toxic for oral mucosal tissues. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of the ingredients of commonly used toothpastes and mouthwashes. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 16 toothpastes and four mouthwashes widely available in the Iranian market. First, the concentration of six main ingredients of these products, namely sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, zinc lactate, paraben, and sodium benzoate, was determined. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of these materials for human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The MTT assay was performed at 1, 15, and 30 minutes following exposure to five concentrations of each material in triplicate (according to the concentrations obtained in the isolation step). Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The difference in the cytotoxicity of the materials was statistically significant (P<0.001). Cytotoxicity was time- and concentration-dependent; by an increase in the concentration of the materials, their cytotoxicity increased over time. The cytotoxicity of sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine was >90%. The cytotoxicity of NaF varied from 25% to 70%, and the cytotoxicity of all concentrations of zinc lactate and sodium benzoate was <50% for HGFs. Conclusion: To decrease the cytotoxic effects of toothpastes, sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine should be replaced with safer detergents, and the concentration of fluoride should be decreased to 400 parts per million (ppm). Alternatively, fluoride may be replaced with other antibacterial and cariostatic agents. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2985 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/2985/1788

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 6 2020 06 24 458 464 EN Reza Saeedi Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Ladan Ranjbar Omrani Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran