Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 4 2019 01 30 319 324 EN Somayeh Allahyari Department of Dental Technology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 08 22 2018 12 05 Cranial radiotherapy has several side effects. One of the most important complications is radiation caries that endangers the treatment prognosis. In the literature, the use of crowns and bridges for irradiated patients has been suggested as a contraindication. In addition, due to the risk of osteoradionecrosis (ORN), there are doubts about tooth extraction and implant placement. Here, we present a treatment sequence and recalls for an irradiated young patient. For irradiated patients, it is recommended to replace teeth with implants when there is no possibility for supragingival prosthetic margin. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2793 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/2793/1772

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 4 2019 05 29 239 247 EN Zohre Sadat Hosseinipour Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Heidari Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi shahrabi Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kiana Poorzandpoush Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 06 12 2018 10 10 Objectives: Application of fissure sealants is a practical method for prevention of occlusal pit and fissure caries. Microleakage is an important factor affecting the success of fissure sealant treatment. This study aimed to assess the microleakage of a self-adhesive flowable composite, a self-adhesive fissure sealant and a conventional fissure sealant in permanent teeth with/without saliva contamination. Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 108 extracted human third molars, which were randomly divided into six groups (n=18) of control, Denu-Seal conventional fissure sealant applied on etched enamel with/without saliva contamination, Vertise Flow self-adhesive flowable composite applied on rinsed and dried enamel with/without saliva contamination and Prevent Seal self-adhesive fissure sealant applied on rinsed and dried enamel with/without saliva contamination. Microleakage was assessed using the dye penetration technique and subsequent observation of samples under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey’s test. Results: Microleakage of the conventional fissure sealant with/without saliva contamination was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Microleakage of the conventional fissure sealant is less than that of self-adhesive fissure sealant and self-adhesive composite, irrespective of saliva contamination. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2613 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/2613/1763

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 4 2019 05 29 248 255 EN Nasrin Farhadian Department of Orthodontics, Dental Faculty, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Amirfarhang Miresmaeili Department of Orthodontics, Dental Faculty, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Vahid Shahidi Zandi Department of Orthodontics, Dental Faculty, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2018 07 06 2018 08 28 Objectives: The purpose of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel with conventional acid-etch (AE) technique and self-etching primers (SEP). Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients, requiring extraction of two bicuspids for orthodontic reasons, were recruited. In each individual, following blinding and allocation concealment, one intact premolar received conventional AE, whereas the contralateral premolar received SEP with a split-mouth design. Bonded brackets remained in the oral cavity for two months. Afterward, the teeth were extracted without debonding the brackets. SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were measured using a Universal Instron machine and a stereomicroscope, respectively. Results: The mean SBS of the conventional AE and SEP groups was 9.53 and 9.20 MPa, respectively. Paired t-test showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.096). Comparison of ARI between the two groups, using Wilcoxon test, indicated that significantly less adhesive remained on enamel with brackets bonded with SEP compared to brackets bonded with conventional AE (P<0.001) although the SBS was higher in the AE group. Conclusion: The present study indicated that although there is no significant difference in SBS between SEP and conventional AE for bonding orthodontic metal brackets, the amount of residual adhesive on the enamel surface is significantly less with SEP than with conventional AE. (IRCT registration number: IRCT201705099086N3). https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2697 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/2697/1764

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 4 2019 05 29 256 264 EN Arash Mansourian Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sara Pourshahidi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam-Sadat Sadrzadeh-Afshar Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hooman Ebrahimi Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 07 30 2019 02 27 Objectives: Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is the most common form of temporomandibular disorders. Because of the multifactorial nature of the problem, its management usually involves several treatment modalities to maximize their synergistic effects. This randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as an adjunct to pharmaceutical therapy for treatment of MPDS. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial evaluated 108 MPDS patients. First, the initial pain intensity of patients was determined using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The first phase of the study included education, awareness, self-care, behavior and relaxation therapy. After 1 month, the pain score was measured again using VAS. Patients who acquired a pain score >1 were divided into three groups of LLLT with diode (GAAlAr) laser with 0.2 W power, TENS, and control, using block randomization. All groups received 10 mg fluoxetine once daily, 0.25 mg clonazepam once daily and 10 mg baclofen three times a day. ANOVA was used to compare the recovery rate of the three groups. Results: Pain in the trapezius muscle and pain on mouth opening resolved faster in the laser + medication group. The recovery rate was faster in the mean muscle pain, general pain reported by patients, pain in the masseter and pterygoid muscles and pain and limitation in lateral movements in both laser + medication and TENS groups. Conclusion: Combination of LLLT and TENS with medication accelerated pain relief and resolved movement restrictions in MPDS patients. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2749 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/2749/1765

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 4 2019 05 29 265 271 EN Sara Valizadeh Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aida Moradi Post graduate Student, Operative Dentistry Department, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansoureh Mirzaei Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hooman Amiri Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Kharazifard Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 08 22 2019 03 01 Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of various adhesive systems to dentin. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 60 sound human third molars were divided into four groups. Dentin discs were prepared of middle-third dentin measuring 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Dentin surfaces were bonded with one of the four types of adhesives: (A) Single Bond (3M ESPE), Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE) in etch and rinse (B) and self-etch (C) modes and (D) Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Noritake Dental). After the application of adhesive systems according to the manufacturers’ instructions, composite cylinders (Vit-l-escence) were bonded to dentin surfaces. The μSBS test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results: The µSBS was the highest in self-etch Scotchbond Universal (15.8±6.08 MPa) followed by Clearfil SE Bond (15.24±4.6 MPa), etch and rinse Scotchbond Universal (11.68±4.07MPa) and Single Bond (11.24±3.74 MPa). A significant difference was only found between Single Bond and etch and rinse Scotchbond Universal groups (P=0.04). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, application of Scotchbond Universal in self-etch mode provides a reliable bond to dentin. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2785 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/2785/1766

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 4 2019 12 22 272 278 Pegah Sarraf Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nazanin Kiomarsi Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farrokh Haj Taheri Private Practice, Tehran, Iran Behrang Moghaddamzade Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Dibaji Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Kharazifard Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 09 29 2019 08 03 Objectives: This study aimed to compare the transportation of the mesiobuccal canal of maxillary molars following root canal preparation with HyFlex CM (HCM) and Edge Taper Platinum (ETP) rotary systems and stainless steel (SS) hand files using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was performed on 48 maxillary molars in three groups of 16. The teeth were mounted in acrylic blocks, and root canals were prepared using HCM in group 1 (up to #30/0.06), ETP in group 2 (up to F3/0.06), and SS hand files in group 3 (up to #30). CBCT scans were taken before and after root canal preparation. The amount of canal transportation was measured at 0, 3, 6, and 9mm from the apex. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The difference in canal transportation at 0 and 6mm from the apex was significant between the HCM and ETP groups (P=0.031 and 0.023) but none of the systems showed any significant difference with hand files at 0- and 6-mm levels (P=0.10, 0.56, 0.22, and 0.50), respectively. At 3mm from the apex, no significant difference was noted among the groups (P=0.30). At the 9-mm level, the amount of canal transportation was not significantly different between HCM and ETP (P=0.83) but they showed significant differences with hand files (P<0.001). Conclusion: ETP and HCM caused less canal transportation at the curvature of the mesiobuccal canal of maxillary molars compared to hand files. ETP showed superior efficacy in root canal preparation compared to HCM. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2851 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/2851/1770

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 4 2019 05 29 279 289 Seyed Alireza Parhiz Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pegah Bakhtiary Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh Mosavat Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Kharazi Fard Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 11 18 2019 05 21 Objectives: This study sought to assess the thickness of buccal and lingual alveolar bone plates according to the position of impacted mandibular third molars on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four CBCT scans of impacted mandibular third molars were evaluated in this retrospective study. All images had been obtained by ProMax 3D CBCT system with the exposure settings of 78 kVp, 12 mA, 16 s time, 0.2 mm voxel size and 10 × 9 cm field of view. The impaction angle of teeth and the thickness of buccal and lingual cortical plates were determined on images by drawing lines in the anterior, middle, posterior, superior, central and inferior regions. Thickness of bone plates was analyzed according to the position of impacted molars relative to thara Pourshahidi Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hooman Ebrahimi Private practice Younes Ghoreyshi Private practice Nafiseh Sheykhbahaei Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 09 10 2023 08 09 Objectives: Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is a musculoskeletal disorder with a multifactorial etiology. Some investigations suggest psychological disorders as a major risk factor for MPDS. This study is the first case series to report patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and MPDS comorbidity. Case presentation: Sixteen patients suffering from both MPDS and OCD with the chief complaint of pain or limitation in jaw opening were evaluated. The patients were between 18 to 55 years, the majority were females, the masseter muscle was the most commonly involved muscle (40%), and some of the patients had a history or sign of bruxism. Conclusion: OCD symptoms should be considered in MPDS patients. Bruxism due to psychological disorders can be the cause of MPDS. The findings of this case series study should be verified in clinical studies to assess the relationship between MPDS, OCD, and parafunctional habits. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4593 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4593/2143

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 01 18 4550 4550 Marzieh Mazhari Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Mehdi Yaghoubi Ashrafi Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Sara Gholamian Private Practice, Ahvaz, Iran Mehrnaz Moradinejad Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2022 07 19 2023 10 16 Objectives: Despite the recent advances in orthodontic appliances, color change of elastomeric ligatures over time remains a problem causing patient dissatisfaction. This study aimed to assess the color stability of different types of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures in the oral environment. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 67 patients. After applying the exclusion criteria, 11 participants were excluded, and 56 remained. Four different brands of elastomeric ligatures namely Ortho Technology, Ortho Organizers, American Orthodontics, and SIA were randomly used in the four quadrants of each patient (n=14 from each brand). Discoloration of ligatures was scored in the oral cavity by orthodontists and patients on the day of placement (T0) and 28 days later (T1). Photography and CIE L*a*b* color space were used to assess the color change (∆E). Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests. Results: All brands showed discoloration. The highest ∆E was identified in SIA and Ortho Technology, while the lowest was recorded in Ortho Organizers. The lowest ∆b (yellowness) and the greatest reduction in L* (lightness) and ∆a (redness) were observed in Ortho Organizers. According to the opinion of patients and orthodontists at T0 and T1, SIA was the least visible followed by Ortho Technology. No significant difference was found between orthodontists and patients at T0 and T1 regarding the visibility of ligatures (P>0.05). Conclusion: After 28 days, all brands of elastomeric ligatures showed considerable discoloration. Ortho Organizers showed the highest color stability. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4550

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 10 22 4856 4856 Shiva Shirazian Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Vatanpour Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Pargol Guity Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 2023 06 09 2024 06 22 Given the significant differences among different generations, acceleration of changes due to technological developments, and characteristics of recent generations, it is necessary to recognize the characteristics of Generation Z, in order to be able to create an effective teaching-learning process. Under the influence of digital technology, Generation Z has undergone tremendous changes in several learning parameters, such as time and manner of focus, tendencies, and specific strategies. In this article, by reviewing the characteristics of this generation, the authors tried to provide practical points in teaching methods for this generation.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4856 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4856/2180

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 07 27 4460 4460 Wael Zaatari . Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic Mahmoud Tarakji Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic Helen Ayoubi Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic 2022 05 04 2024 04 06 Dens in dente is an uncommon developmental tooth case called dens invaginatus or dilated odontoma, which originates through invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla, the most common tooth to occur dens in dente is maxillary lateral incisor. Dens in Dente is often accompanied by necrotic pulp and periapical lesion. Also, impacted teeth are one of the reasons for the odontogenic cysts and tumors. Dentigerous cyst one of the types of odontogenic cyst occurs in association with an unerupted tooth, most commonly mandibular third molars. Other common associations are with, maxillary canines, and mandibular second premolars. This report discusses dens in dente case in maxillary lateral incisor and impacted maxillary canine teeth with extended periodontitis and treatment it by combining with root canal treatment and surgical treatment. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4460 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4460/2153

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 02 18 4277 4277 Abinaya Kutralanathan Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Ahila Singaravel Chidambaranathan Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Indi Muthukumar Balasubramaniam Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 2021 11 18 2022 12 21 Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of ozone water disinfection on dimensional stability and accuracy of silicone impression materials. Materials and Methods: According to ISO-4823, a stainless-steel die was fabricated for this in vitro study. Three horizontal parallel lines, namely x, y, and z (25, 50, and 75µm in width and 25mm in length) running perpendicular to two vertical lines, namely D1 and D2 (0.075±0.008mm wide), were created on the superior surface of the die. Group A served as the control group with no disinfection. Disinfection was performed with 2% glutaraldehyde in group B, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in grou