Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 5 2020 01 13 325 334 Paul Idon Department of Dental Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria Olawale Sotunde Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria Temiloluwa Ogundare Department of Restorative Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile Ife, Nigeria 2019 05 26 2019 10 13 Pain is a constant symptom of dentin hypersensitivity (DH), which is a common condition that affects daily life and negatively affects the quality of life (QoL). Diagnosis and outcome measurements following the treatment of the disease require accurate pain assessment. The definition of pain underlies the complexity of its measurement as different factors modulate daily experience. The reproducibility of the prescribed stimuli for inducing DH pain clinically is difficult to achieve. This pain mevaasurement is made with unidimensional scales that are inadequate to capture the other dimensions of pain. The only specific QoL tool available for DH still requires testing in other populations and cultures. This article reviews the appropriateness of the current methods of DH pain assessment and the tools that consider the other pain dimensions. It also looks at its impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of people with DH. The findings will create interest and facilitate research in this field of DH pain measurement and management. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3158 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/3158/1773

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 5 2019 05 29 402 406 EN Sara Pourshahidi Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elaheh Ghasemzadeh Hoseini Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hooman Ebrahimi Oral Medicine Department, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mojgan Alaeddini Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shiva Shirazian Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 04 28 2019 01 09 Induction of premalignant lesions in animal models is of high value for research purposes. This study aimed to induce dysplasia in hamster mucosal pouch for investigation of dysplastic lesions using dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. The buccal pouch of 10 hamsters was painted with dimethylbenz(a)anthracene for 10 weeks every other day. At 5 and 10 weeks, they underwent histopathological analysis. Clinically, there was no change until week 7; after which mucosal thickening occurred. Hamsters scarified at 5 weeks and 10 weeks demonstrated mild and moderate dysplasia, respectively. dimethylbenz(a)anthracene is a useful tool for inducing dysplastic lesions in the buccal pouch mucosa of hamsters. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2534 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/2534/1780

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 5 2020 01 13 335 341 Salma Omidi Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Alireza Ahadian Private Practice, Mashhad, Iran Golnaz Hadidi Private Practice, Ramsar, Iran Seyed Jaber Mousavi Department of Community Medicine, Ramsar Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Maryam Forghani Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2018 10 16 2019 09 30 Objectives: This study aimed to assess the dentin adaptability of a certain type of fluoride varnish, as a novel root canal sealer, in comparison with AH-Plus sealer. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four extracted single-rooted, single-canal human permanent teeth with straight and fully formed roots and no internal calcification, resorption or cracks, were selected and decoronated such that the remaining root length was 14 mm in all teeth. Root canals were prepared using the Mtwo rotary file system according to the manufacturer's instructions and filled with gutta-percha and either AH-Plus (n=12) or fluoride varnish (n=12) via the lateral compaction technique. Each root was then sectioned at 4 and 8 mm distances from the apex for evaluation under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The gap size between the sealer and dentin was measured. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and t-test with the significance level set at 0.05. Results: The mean gap size was 14.407±1.402 µm and 8.342±0.694 µm in the roots obturated with AH-Plus and fluoride varnish sealers, respectively. The t-test revealed a statistically significant difference (P<0.001) in this regard between the two groups. Conclusion: Fluoride varnish, as a root canal sealer, has a superior adaptation to dentinal canal walls compared to the AH-Plus sealer. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2888 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/2888/1774

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 5 2020 01 13 342 350 EN Hosseinali Mahgoli Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahnaz Arshad Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran kamran Rasouli Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Akbar Sobati Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Reza Shamshiri Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dental Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 11 07 2019 06 10 Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of application of two types of zirconia primers on repair bond strength of composite to zirconia ceramic. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 60 zirconia blocks were divided into five groups and subjected to the application of Z-Prime Plus (ZPP), Monobond Plus (MBP), Porcelain Bonding Resin (PBR), ZPP followed by PBR (ZPP+PBR) and MBP followed by PBR (MBP+PBR). They were then bonded to Z100 composite. The samples were then immersed in water at 37°C for 24 hours, thermocycled for 1000 cycles between 5-55°C and subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) test. The mode of failure was determined under a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The mean bond strength was the highest in ZPP+PBR group followed by MBP+PBR, ZPP, PBR and MBP group (22.29±8.86, 15.75±2.81, 12.02±3.24, 3.60±2.92 and 2.92±1.78 MPa, respectively). The effects of type of zirconia primer and use/no use of PBR on SBS were significant (P<0.05). The frequency of adhesive failure in MBP and PBR groups was significantly higher than that in MBP+PBR and ZPP+PBR groups (P<0.05). The cohesive failure was significantly more frequent in ZPP+PBR group than in ZPP, MBP and PBR groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous application of zirconia primer and PBR is the most efficient technique for repair of all-ceramic zirconia restorations with composite resin. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2920 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/2920/1781

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 5 2020 01 13 351 356 Mohammadreza Nakhaei Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Amirtaher Mirmortazavi Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mansooreh Ghanbari Private Practice, Mashhad, Iran Zahra Ahmadi Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2018 11 25 2019 07 19 Objectives: To evaluate the effect of ozone and two common denture cleansers on the surface hardness and bond strength of a silicone-based soft liner to acrylic denture base material. Materials and Methods: Sixty cylindrical specimens were fabricated using heat-cured poly-methyl methacrylate denture base resin. Three millimeters of the material was ground from the midsection and filled with the soft liner. The resilient liner specimens (n=40) used for the hardness test were 10 mm in diameter and 5 mm in height. Cylindrical and disc-shaped samples were randomly divided into four groups (37°C distilled water, Corega® tablets, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and a home ozone generator). To simulate six months of denture cleansing clinically, samples were placed in their cleanser once a day for six months according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All cylindrical specimens were placed under tension until failure in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/minute. For disc-shaped samples, hardness was measured using a Shore-A durometer. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The mean tensile bond strength was not significantly different among the studied groups (P>0.05). The mean hardness in the ozone and Corega tablet groups was significantly lower than that of the control and NaOCl groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The type of denture cleanser does not affect the tensile bond strength of silicone soft liners. Home ozone generators and cleansing tablets have less effect on the hardness of soft denture liners compared to 0.5% NaOCl. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2941 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/2941/1775

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 5 2020 01 13 357 368 Fariborz Vafaei Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Alireza Izadi Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Samaneh Abbasi Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Maryam Farhadian Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Zahra Bagheri Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2019 02 20 2019 10 29 Objectives: This study aimed to compare the optical properties of Zolid FX, Katana UTML, and lithium disilicate laminate veneers. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, the maxillary left lateral incisor of a phantom received a laminate veneer preparation. An impression was made, and a die was fabricated using dental stone. The die was scanned using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing scanner. Ten dies were fabricated from each of the A1, A2, and A3 shades of composite resin. Laminate veneers were fabricated using A1 shade of Katana UTML, Zolid FX, and IPS e.max CAD ceramics (n=10) and placed on composite abutments using bleach and white colors of trial insertion paste (TIP). The optical properties were measured at the incisal, middle, and cervical thirds using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. Results: The effect of laminate material on the L*, a*, and b* parameters was significant in all areas (P<0.001), except for the L* parameter in the middle and cervical thirds. All color parameters were affected by TIP color in all three regions in most samples (P<0.05). The effect of composite abutment shade was also significant in most cases (P<0.05). The effect of laminate material, abutment shade, and TIP color on the b* parameter was significant (P<0.001). The L* parameter was almost the same in the two zirconia and lithium disilicate ceramic groups. Conclusion: The composite abutment shade, TIP color, and laminate material should be carefully selected to achieve optimal aesthetics in laminate veneers. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3045 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/3045/1782

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 16 5 2020 01 13 369 378 Behrad Tanbakuchi Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tabassom Hooshmand Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Kharazifard Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kiana Shekofteh Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arian Hesam Arefi Dental Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2019 05 27 2019 10 13 Objectives: This study aimed to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of molar tubes to the enamel surface of molar teeth using a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) cement modified with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 60 extracted human third molars were randomly divided into four groups for bonding of molar tubes to the enamel surface. Fuji Ortho LC and Fuji Ortho LC tory of several surgical procedures and/or antibiotic therapy due to misdiagnosis. After comprehensive examinations, root canal treatment was performed. The resolution of signs and symptoms during the follow-up period confirmed the correct diagnosis. Dermatologists and other physicians should be aware of the possibility of the relationship of extraoral sinus tracts with dental infections. Precise examination and taking a comprehensive history can aid to prevent unnecessary and incorrect therapeutic and/or pharmaceutical interventions. Elimination of dental infection leads to complete recovery in such patients. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3499 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/3499/1824

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 17 0 2021 01 06 3109 3109 Farahnaz Sharafeddin Department of Operative Dentistry, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Somaye Bahrani Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2019 04 22 2020 11 10 Objectives: Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are among the most popular dental restorative materials, but their use is limited due to their clinical disadvantages. Many efforts have been made to improve the properties of these materials by adding various fillers. Incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA) into the GICs is considered to improve the physical properties of restorations, and may prevent treatment failure. This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness (Ra) of a conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC), a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) and a Zirconomer with and without micro-hydroxyapatite (µHA). Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 6 groups (n=10) including CGIC, CGIC + µHA, RMGI, RMGI + µHA, Zirconomer, and Zirconomer + µHA. A total of 60 disc-shaped samples (6 mm × 2 mm) were prepared in plastic molds and were stored in distilled water for 24 h. After polishing of the specimens, their Ra was measured by a profilometer in micrometers (µm). The data were analyzed using two and one-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test, and independent t-test. Results: Incorporation of µHA resulted in statistically significant differences in Ra between the study groups (P<0.05). Following the incorporation of µHA, the Ra significantly decreased in CGIC (P=0.013) and Zirconomer (P=0.003). However, addition of µHA to RMGI resulted in a significant increase in its Ra (P<0.001). Conclusion: Addition of µHA decreased the Ra of Zirconomer and CGIC, and increased the surface roughness of RMGI samples. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3109 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/3109/1832

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 17 0 2020 11 09 2673 2673 EN Meisha Gul Department of Operative Dentistry, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan AND Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan Samira Adnan Department of Operative Dentistry, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan Fahad Umer Department of Operative Dentistry, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan 2018 07 06 2018 11 08 Endodontic treatment of maxillary incisors may be considered straight forward. However, in some instances, they may exhibit aberrant morphology. One of these rare variations in tooth morphology is dens invaginatus. To improve the endodontic prognosis of such teeth, a detailed evaluation of the tooth under treatment is important, which requires comprehensive clinical and radiographic examinations, including periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), which is highly recommended whenever atypical root canal morphology is suspected on a periapical radiograph. The current case report discusses the diagnosis of type IV dens invaginatus in a maxillary lateral incisor using CBCT. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/2673 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/2673/1823

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 17 0 2021 01 06 3009 3009 Vandhana James Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tagore Dental College Melakkottaiyur Post, Rathinamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India Manavalan Madhubala Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Shari Devarajan Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Sekar Mahalaxmi Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Shanmugasundaram Sathyakumar Thanam Nagar, Mugalivakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 2019 01 25 2019 11 09 Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC%), shear bond strength (SBS), bond durability, and the resin-dentin interface of polydopamine (PDA) incorporated total-etch adhesive system. Materials and Methods: Five percentage by weight (wt%) concentration of PDA incorporated adhesive was prepared and its polymerization was evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results were compared with the DC% of conventional total-etch adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2) using independent t-test. Occlusal surfaces of 80 freshly extracted human premolars were sectioned to expose the dentin, which was acid-etched. The samples were divided into two groups (n=40) of total-etch adhesive and total-etch adhesive+PDA. Composite resin blocks were built up over the bonded surface and cured. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n=20) of immediate and post-aging evaluation. Samples were immersed in 10% sodium hypochlorite for five hours, and then, the SBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The resin-dentin interface was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Bonferroni test. Results: DC% was not affected by the addition of 5% PDA to the adhesive (group 2). The SBS of group 2A was significantly higher than that of group 1A. There was no significant reduction of SBS in group 2B. The hybrid layer was less degraded after aging in group 2B compared to group 2A. Conclusions: PDA incorporated adhesive increased the immediate bond strength and durability without changing the DC%. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3009 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/3009/1831

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 17 0 2020 08 03 3267 3267 Isa Abdi Dental Science Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Donya Maleki Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 2019 08 25 2020 03 06 Implant insertion into an atrophic knife-edge ridge with non-simultaneous extraction of anterior and posterior teeth is challenging; this is why bone regeneration before implant placement is of great importance. One of the best sources for reconstruction is an intraoral autogenous bone graft. A composite bone graft is a combination of autogenic bone and mucosal flap that provides adequate blood supply and fixation compared to conventional (from the mandibular symphysis or ramus) and extraoral bone grafts. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3267 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/3267/1802

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