Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 19 0 2022 01 04 1 41 Neda Moslemi Professor of Periodontology Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2022 10 17 No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4632 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4632/1954

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 19 0 2022 01 04 3877 3877 Azam Khorshidian Department of Medical Ethics, School of Medicine, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Parsapoor Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 12 04 2021 08 15 Objectives: The basis of truth-telling is respecting the autonomy of patients and developing an ability to make informed decisions with valid consent. The purpose of this study was to ethically analyze the conflicts about truth-telling in dentistry. Materials and Methods: This case analysis focused on the issues of truth-telling in medicine and dentistry. The challenges encountered by dentists with respect to ethical issues related to truth-telling were discussed and analyzed by the research team. Results:  The literature review showed that the issue of truth-telling in dentistry has been addressed from three aspects: Truth-telling about other dentists’ medical errors, truth-telling about dangerous, refractory, or incurable diseases, and truth-telling to children or incompetent individuals for decision-making. Conclusion: When the duty of the dentist in truth-telling is conflicted with some other moral obligations, the conflict between the prima facie duties arises. The principle-based ethical theories provide a suitable conceptual framework for moral judgement in such conflicts. In cases of conflicts related to truth-telling, a balance should be maintained between principles and rules such as fidelity, respect for autonomy, maintaining trust in dentist-patient relation, and best interest of patients. The decision in truth-telling should be made individually for each patient based on the specific contextual conditions. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3877

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 19 0 2022 02 05 3756 3756 EN Azam Sadat Mostafavi Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Negin Yaghoobi Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 09 02 2021 01 16 Root proximity is defined as a situation where the distance between the roots of adjacent teeth on radiographs is ≤1.0 mm. This important situation should be detected by clinicians before definitive restorative treatments and they should be well aware of different approaches available for the management of this situation. The purpose of this study was to collect and review the available literature on this topic by searching the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library in order to summarize the complications and treatment plans for root proximity in cases requiring restorative procedures. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3756

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 19 0 2022 01 15 3350 3350 EN Farzaneh Aghahosseini Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Oral AND Maxillofacial Medicine, Schoolof Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elaheh Ghasemzadeh Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Nazanin Mahdavi Department Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran 2019 11 16 2021 01 02 Actinomycosis is caused by Actinomyces species and is relatively rare in humans. Because of the special collateral blood flow, osteomyelitis is less common in the maxilla than the mandible. Although there are few case reports for jaw osteomyelitis, actinomycotic osteomyelitis associated with phenytoin therapy has not been reported before. The data show that antiepileptic drugs induce suppression of the immune system. This report presents a rare case of a 58-year-old man on phenytoin with actinomycotic osteomyelitis, and reviews the relevant literature. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3350

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 19 0 2022 05 24 4158 4158 Zahra Dalili Professor, Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Hamid Reza Sharifiyan Dentist, Private Practice, Qazvin, Iran 2021 08 19 2021 08 30 No Abstract No AbstractNo AbstractNo AbstractNo AbstractNo Abstract https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4158

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 19 0 2022 01 04 1718 1718 EN Mohammad Reza Malekipour Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan Branch), Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran Mehrdad Barekatain Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan Branch), Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran Farzaneh Shirani Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Samaneh Alaei Private Practice, Isfahan, Iran 2017 01 31 2017 03 09 Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rinsing water temperature and preheated composites on microleakage of class V restorations with two different bonding agents. Materials and Methods: Eighty class V cavities were prepared in the buccal and lingual surfaces of 40 molars. Single Bond and Prime and Bond NT bonding agents were used. The teeth were divided into four groups of 10. G1: After acid etching, cavities were rinsed with 23˚C water and filled with 23˚C composite resin. G2: Rinsing water and composite resin had 55˚C temperature. G3: Rinsing water had 55˚C and composite resin had 23˚C temperature. G4: Rinsing water had 23˚C and composite resin had 55˚C temperature. The specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsine dye. Microleakage scores were analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests. Results: There were significant differences in microleakage of specimens prepared with Single Bond and Prime and Bond NT only in group 1 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the microleakage of groups rinsed with different water temperatures (P>0.05). There were significant differences between the unheated and preheated composite groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Preheating of composite is a valuable method to increase its adaptability and decrease microleakage of composite restorations. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1718

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 19 0 2022 03 17 3842 3842 Divya Natarajan Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India 2020 11 10 2021 05 01 As the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic outbreak continues to be a global public health concern, dentists should seek means to provide oral health care with minimal risk. To meet the recommendations of the Center for Disease Control, alternative non-aerosol generating techniques have been proposed to minimize the risk of disease transmission to patients and dental healthcare personnel. Among recent materials, silver diammine fluoride (SDF) has been shown to be effective in preventing and arresting caries. This along with an atraumatic restorative treatment with glass ionomer cements (GICs) makes it a potentially attractive adjunctive therapy for caries management in pediatric patients. In this technique, SDF is applied over carious tissue and the lesion is restored with auto-polymerizing GIC. This review article aims to provide a practical background and clinical guide for the application of silver-modified atraumatic restorative technique (SMART) as a safe way to provide dental services to children during the pandemic. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3842

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 19 0 2022 08 03 3899 3899 Soheil Niavarzi Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Faranak Noori Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Saeid Sheikhrezaei Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sholeh Ghabraei Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 12 25 2021 08 20 Acute traumatic injuries to the maxillary incisors may lead to a crown-root fracture. If the fracture is left untreated, the fracture line will propagate and extend apically, resulting in microbial contamination of the attachment apparatus and subsequent bone loss. In cases with extensive periodontal involvement, extraction has been suggested. However, bonding and sealing the fracture line with a biocompatible material seems to be an effective alternative treatment option. In this case report, management of a central incisor with an incomplete crown-root fracture that showed signs and symptoms of vertical root fracture is discussed. As the extension of the fracture line was not clear, intentional replantation and sealing the fracture line with a glass ionomer was performed. The tooth showed no signs and symptoms at six-month follow up, and the radiographic examination exhibited substantial bone repair. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3899

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 19 0 2022 01 22 3804 3804 Simin Zahra Mohebbi Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Samaneh Razeghi Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farin Mizanian Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Javad Kharazifard Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2020 10 14 2021 08 20   Objectives: For decades, the white coat has been the uniform of medical professionals. Recently, medical professionals show interest to use alternatives. We aimed to evaluate the perspectives and preferences of children and their parents regarding dentists’ attire and gender. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 4-to 6-yearolds and their parents referred to dental clinics of Tehran School of Dentistry in 2018. Parents completed a questionnaire on demographics and dental fear, and both parents and children were asked about their preferences regarding the gender of dentist and the color of the dentist’s attire. Statistical analysis was performed by the logistic regression model. Results: Totally, 148 children (mean age of 5.42±0.71 years, 48% girls) and their parents participated in the study. Most of the participants (81.2% of the children and 68.0% of the parents) preferred colored coats compared with white coat. More than half of the parents preferred a female dentist for their children (56.5%) while most children preferred a male dentist (54.8%). Boys preferred a male dentist as well (P=0.01). The children were reluctant to go for a dental visit and preferred to be visited by a dentist of the same gender as themselves (P=0.041). Conclusion: Wearing colored coats by dentists and giving a chance to choose the gender of dentist in polyclinics may increase the children’s cooperation in pediatric settings. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3804

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 19 0 2022 04 16 Pourshahidi Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hooman Ebrahimi Private practice Younes Ghoreyshi Private practice Nafiseh Sheykhbahaei Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 09 10 2023 08 09 Objectives: Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is a musculoskeletal disorder with a multifactorial etiology. Some investigations suggest psychological disorders as a major risk factor for MPDS. This study is the first case series to report patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and MPDS comorbidity. Case presentation: Sixteen patients suffering from both MPDS and OCD with the chief complaint of pain or limitation in jaw opening were evaluated. The patients were between 18 to 55 years, the majority were females, the masseter muscle was the most commonly involved muscle (40%), and some of the patients had a history or sign of bruxism. Conclusion: OCD symptoms should be considered in MPDS patients. Bruxism due to psychological disorders can be the cause of MPDS. The findings of this case series study should be verified in clinical studies to assess the relationship between MPDS, OCD, and parafunctional habits. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4593 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4593/2143

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 01 18 4550 4550 Marzieh Mazhari Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Mehdi Yaghoubi Ashrafi Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Sara Gholamian Private Practice, Ahvaz, Iran Mehrnaz Moradinejad Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2022 07 19 2023 10 16 Objectives: Despite the recent advances in orthodontic appliances, color change of elastomeric ligatures over time remains a problem causing patient dissatisfaction. This study aimed to assess the color stability of different types of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures in the oral environment. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 67 patients. After applying the exclusion criteria, 11 participants were excluded, and 56 remained. Four different brands of elastomeric ligatures namely Ortho Technology, Ortho Organizers, American Orthodontics, and SIA were randomly used in the four quadrants of each patient (n=14 from each brand). Discoloration of ligatures was scored in the oral cavity by orthodontists and patients on the day of placement (T0) and 28 days later (T1). Photography and CIE L*a*b* color space were used to assess the color change (∆E). Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests. Results: All brands showed discoloration. The highest ∆E was identified in SIA and Ortho Technology, while the lowest was recorded in Ortho Organizers. The lowest ∆b (yellowness) and the greatest reduction in L* (lightness) and ∆a (redness) were observed in Ortho Organizers. According to the opinion of patients and orthodontists at T0 and T1, SIA was the least visible followed by Ortho Technology. No significant difference was found between orthodontists and patients at T0 and T1 regarding the visibility of ligatures (P>0.05). Conclusion: After 28 days, all brands of elastomeric ligatures showed considerable discoloration. Ortho Organizers showed the highest color stability. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4550

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 10 22 4856 4856 Shiva Shirazian Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Vatanpour Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Pargol Guity Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 2023 06 09 2024 06 22 Given the significant differences among different generations, acceleration of changes due to technological developments, and characteristics of recent generations, it is necessary to recognize the characteristics of Generation Z, in order to be able to create an effective teaching-learning process. Under the influence of digital technology, Generation Z has undergone tremendous changes in several learning parameters, such as time and manner of focus, tendencies, and specific strategies. In this article, by reviewing the characteristics of this generation, the authors tried to provide practical points in teaching methods for this generation.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4856 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4856/2180

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 07 27 4460 4460 Wael Zaatari . Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic Mahmoud Tarakji Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic Helen Ayoubi Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic 2022 05 04 2024 04 06 Dens in dente is an uncommon developmental tooth case called dens invaginatus or dilated odontoma, which originates through invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla, the most common tooth to occur dens in dente is maxillary lateral incisor. Dens in Dente is often accompanied by necrotic pulp and periapical lesion. Also, impacted teeth are one of the reasons for the odontogenic cysts and tumors. Dentigerous cyst one of the types of odontogenic cyst occurs in association with an unerupted tooth, most commonly mandibular third molars. Other common associations are with, maxillary canines, and mandibular second premolars. This report discusses dens in dente case in maxillary lateral incisor and impacted maxillary canine teeth with extended periodontitis and treatment it by combining with root canal treatment and surgical treatment. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4460 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4460/2153

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 02 18 4277 4277 Abinaya Kutralanathan Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Ahila Singaravel Chidambaranathan Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Indi Muthukumar Balasubramaniam Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 2021 11 18 2022 12 21 Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of ozone water disinfection on dimensional stability and accuracy of silicone impression materials. Materials and Methods: According to ISO-4823, a stainless-steel die was fabricated for this in vitro study. Three horizontal parallel lines, namely x, y, and z (25, 50, and 75µm in width and 25mm in length) running perpendicular to two vertical lines, namely D1 and D2 (0.075±0.008mm wide), were created on the superior surface of the die. Group A served as the control group with no disinfection. Disinfection was performed with 2% glutaraldehyde in group B, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in group C, and ozone water in group D for 10 minutes. Totally, 60 samples were fabricated. The silicone impression samples were allowed to polymerize in a thermostatically controlled water bath at 35±1ºC for 10 minutes. The dimensional stability and accuracy of the silicone impression samples were evaluated by using a video measuring microscope and an optical microscope. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc analysis with the Scheffe test (alpha=0.05). Results: The highest dimensional stability (25.01mm) and accuracy (25.02µm) were seen in addition silicone putty and light body impression with ozone water disinfection, and the lowest parameters were seen in condensation silicon putty and light body disinfected with 2% glutaraldehyde (24.87mm and 24.88 µm, respectively); this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Ozone water disinfection caused minimal changes in dimensional stability and accuracy when compared to 2% glutaraldehyde and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite disinfection https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4277

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 12 09 5362 5362 EN Maedeh Masoumzadeh Department of Pediatrics, School of Dentistry, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mina Taheri Private Practice, Tehran, Iran Shima Yunespour Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ghasem Yadegarfar Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Negar Kanounisabet Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 09 25 2024 11 05 Objectives: Considering the shortcomings of the currently applied mechanical and chemical methods for implant surface decontamination, this study compared the efficacy of three decontamination methods and their impact on implant surface. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines, with searches performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language animal, in vivo, and in vitro studies on the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT), laser treatment, and air abrasion on implant surface changes or microbial load. Results: Of 1,076 initially retrieved articles, 30 studies were fully reviewed; out of which, 20 met the inclusion criteria. One study found that erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser and air abrasion were equally effective in reducing the microbial load, but seven studies favored laser treatment. Five studies noted minor surface changes with air abrasion, while three reported more changes with laser. Regarding biocompatibility, eight studies favored laser; while, three found both methods effective. In six studies, Er:YAG laser was more effective than PDT in reducing the microbial load, with five studies also showing better preservation of implant integrity. Both methods were biocompatible, but laser treatment was superior in preserving cell viability, with three studies favoring it over PDT. Additionally, PDT outperformed air abrasion in reducing the microbial load, preserving the implant surface, and enhancing biocompatibility. Conclusion: Both PDT and laser therapy are effective in reducing the microbial load. Additionally, laser causes the least surface alterations, with some studies reporting minor improvements in implant surface properties. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/5362 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/5362/2188

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 07 27 4511 4511 Neeraj Kumar Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Postgraduate Institute of Child Health, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Richa Kumari Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India 2022 06 11 2022 11 30 Unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation is a rare condition often triggered by yawning, vomiting, or other activities involving wide opening of the mouth, resulting from the forward movement of the condylar head. This case report highlights a longstanding unilateral TMJ dislocation managed by the single injection of local anesthetics into the deep temporal and masseteric nerve peripheries, alleviating muscle spasm and pain to restore TMJ function. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4511 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4511/2155

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 02 18 3097 3097 Maryam Hoorizad Ganjkar Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Negin Nasoohi Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mahshad Lesani Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Neda Sanaee Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2019 04 14 2020 07 27 Objectives: Repair of composite resin restorations is a challenge specially when the restoration undergoes aging; thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of aging and different surface treatments on the repair microshear bond strength of IPS Empress Direct nanohybrid composite resin. Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 48 IPS Empress Direct composite resin samples in two groups of aged and nonaged (n=24). The samples in both groups were finished and polished with Sof-Lex discs. Composite samples in the aged group were subjected to 5000 thermal cycles. The two groups were then divided into two subgroups (n=12) for surface roughening by a diamond bur or sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles. Composite cylinders were then bonded to the composite samples, and underwent microshear bond strength test in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and t-test (alpha=0.05). Results: The results showed no significant difference in the microshear bond strength of bur and sandblasted subgroups, irrespective of aging (P>0.05). In the aged subgroups, however, irrespective of the method of surface treatment, the bond strength was significantly lower than that in the subgroups that did not undergo the aging process (P<0.05). Conclusion: Micromechanical retention is the most reliable method to achieve a high repair bond strength in IPS Empress Direct composite resin. Surface roughening by bur is safe and cost-effective, and can be used instead of sandblasting for composite restoration repair. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3097

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 09 24 4630 4630 Mansi Baviskar Pediatric and Preventive dental department, School of Dentistry, DY Patildeemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, India School of Dentistry, India Ajit Baviskar Emergency Medicine department, School of Medicine, DY Patil deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, India 2022 10 16 2023 11 12 Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia is a rare genetic disorder with an incidence of 3-6 cases per one million births. It is characterized by short long bones, cupping of metaphyses and phalanges, and many other variable components. There are over 100 types of identified metaphyseal dysplasia targeting various genes, and many more that are unidentified. This case report describes oral rehabilitation of a 4-year-old child with an unknown type of metaphyseal dysplasia with dental involvement. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4630 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4630/2166

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 02 18 4160 4160 Lakshmi Kalyani Kondepudi Department of Periodontics, Vishnu Dental College Bhimavaram, India Suneetha Koneru Department of Periodontics, Drs Sudha and Nageswararao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinoutpally, Gannavaram, India C.D. Dwarakanath Department of Periodontics, Vishnu Dental College Bhimavaram, India 2021 08 20 2023 06 05 Objectives: Amniotic membrane (AM) is an allograft obtained from humans that contains a variety of growth factors, and has outstanding healing qualities. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of amniotic allograft with coronally advanced flap (CAF) for root coverage. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial comprised 24 individuals with Miller's Class I and II root resorption defects. Each patient received treatment using the CAF approach, with the test group receiving a combined therapy using an AM. Measurements were made at baseline and 6 months after surgery for gingival biotype (GB), dentin hypersensitivity (DH), recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), gingival recession total surface area (GRTSA), keratinized tissue width (KTW) and probing depth (PD). Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in RD (from 2.83 mm to 0.92 mm), a significant increase in KTW (from 3.17 mm to 4.25 mm), improvement in GB, and a reduction in DH in the test group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Miller’s Class I and II root recession defects can be effectively treated with a CAF. Application of AM under the CAF improved root coverage and GB, and further increased the KTW after 6 months, compared to CAF alone. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4160

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 10 14 5009 5009 Parmiss Omidsalar Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Monir Moradzadeh Khiavi Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nafiseh Sheykhbahaei Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2023 10 29 2023 12 18 Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a bone marrow clonal stem cell disorder characterized by the inability of immature blood cells to mature. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been previously reported in MDS patients without underlying diseases. We present a case of poorly differentiated OSCC in a 27-year-old patient with MDS. A literature review revealed 11 case reports about solid tumors in different organs of MDS patients. Among these, 5 articles reported head and neck carcinoma but none of them reported oral cancer in MDS patients. MDS predisposes patients to hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignancies. The oral cavity is one of the critical sites that needs to be examined periodically and regularly in MDS patients to detect OSCC in its early stages. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/5009 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/5009/2168

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 02 18 4353 4353 EN Haniye Meftahpour Private practice, Tehran, Iran Simin Leasan Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Zahra Jafariazar Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Taraneh Farrokhnia Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2022 02 02 2023 10 01 Objectives: This study compared the antifungal efficacy of curcumin plus nystatin versus nystatin monotherapy for treatment of denture stomatitis. Materials and Methods: This single-blind clinical trial evaluated 32 patients with types II and III denture stomatitis. Microbial samples were collected from the patients’ palate to count the Candida albicans (C. albicans) colonies. Erythema of the palate was quantified by measuring the surface area of the erythematous sites. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups (n=16). The control group received nystatin suspension while the test group received a curcumin mouthwash plus nystatin suspension. The number of C. albicans colony forming units (CFUs) and the surface area of the erythematous sites were calculated again after 14 days. Data were analyzed using t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test (alpha=0.05). Results: Both groups experienced a significant reduction in C. albicans colony count after the intervention (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in reduction of colony count between the two groups (P=0.341). Both groups experienced a significant reduction in the size of erythema (P=0.001 for the nystatin and P<0.001 for the nystatin plus curcumin). The two groups were not significantly different regarding the size of erythema at baseline (P=0.956) or after the intervention (P=0.491). Conclusion: Addition of curcumin to nystatin suspension did not add any significant advantage with regard to reduction of C. albicans colony count or erythema of the palate, and both interventions were equally effective. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4353

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 10 22 4902 4902 EN Mahdi Isaabadi Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Siamak Yaghobee Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behnam Bolhari Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Malekpour Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2023 08 05 2023 09 25 Dental anomalies can be challenging for clinicians to diagnose and treat, such as fusion/gemination, which can be considered one of the most challenging anomalies to present a treatment plan for, due to esthetic, orthodontic, and periodontal problems they can cause in most cases. This case report describes an 8-year-old patient who complained of the unpleasant appearance of her right central incisor. Oral and radiographic examinations revealed a supernumerary tooth unilaterally fusing with the maxillary permanent central incisor. Two major factors in choosing a treatment plan in this case included: patient's age and presence of anomaly in the esthetic zone. This case report describes a treatment approach involving endodontic, periodontal, and restorative interventions for preserving a tooth in a child who could not undergo routine treatments such as implant placement due to incomplete growth of her dentoalveolar region, and bone deficiency caused by the dental anomaly. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4902 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4902/2184

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 03 08 4235 4235 Keyvan Saati Restorative Dentistry Department, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sara Valizadeh 2. Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan Ayyari Dentist, Private Practice, Tehran, Iran Shahram Amirifar Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 10 22 2022 11 07 Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the flexural strength of a bioactive composite and a reinforced hybrid glass ionomer (GI). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 10 rectangular-shaped specimens were fabricated from Activa Bioactive composite (N=5) and EQUIA Forte Coat GI (N=5) using stainless steel molds with internal dimensions of 2×2×25mm according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The flexural strength of the specimens was measured with a universal testing machine with the three-point bending test using a load of 50±16N/min at a crosshead speed of 0.75±0.25mm/min. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U          test (α=0.05). Results: The mean flexural strength was 57.91MPa for the bioactive composite and 19.20MPa for the reinforced hybrid GI. The mean flexural strength of the bioactive composite was significantly higher than that of hybrid GI (P=0.008). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the results indicate that the Activa Bioactive composite exhibits greater flexural strength compared to EQUIA Forte Coat GI. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4235

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2026 01 07 4516 4516 Robab Noormohammadi Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Milad Khoadei Private Practice, Zanjan, Iran Mohammad Borna Amirian Biochemistry department, Zanjan Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran Sona Rafieya Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Tabriz Azad Islamic University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2022 06 19 2023 07 01 Solitary Fibrous Tumor (SFT) is a rare benign neoplasm primarily associated with the pleura. However, it has also been identified in diverse locations, including the skin, deep soft tissues, genitourinary system, gastrointestinal tract, and the head and neck region, including the oral cavity. There is no gender predilection for SFT of the oral cavity and it can occur at any age. We herein present a case of SFT on the lower lip of a 19-year-old male patient and describe our diagnostic approach. The histopathological findings showed typical features of SFT with immunoexpression of CD34, CD99, BCL2, and STAT6, along with low expression of Ki67 in 10% of the tumor cells. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4516 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4516/2192

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 03 08 4331 4331 EN Anahita Ghorbani Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Zahra Ghasemzadeh Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran. Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Ghaffari Hamedani Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Jafar Akbari Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mahmood Moosazadeh Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Fatemeh Mirzaee Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Herbal Medicines and Metabolic Disorders, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Maryam Zamanzadeh Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Somayeh Shahani Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Herbal Medicines and Metabolic Disorders, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2021 12 29 2023 07 03 Objectives: Oral mucositis is a common side effect of cancer chemotherapy. Traditionally, black mulberry or Morus nigra L. (M. nigra) fruit is used for treatment of oral inflammatory conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of black mulberry mouthwash for prevention of oral mucositis caused by 5-fluorouracil. Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was performed on 62 patients with colon adenocarcinoma undergoing chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=31) to receive 10mL of 1% black mulberry juice (BMJ) or the placebo mouthwash, 3 times a day for 2 weeks. The patients were followed up for 7 and 14 days after the treatment onset to record the degree of mucositis according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Spectrophotometric assays were conducted for quantitative analysis of the bioactive compounds in the composition of BMJ. Data were analyzed with the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests (alpha=0.05). Results: The severity of oral mucositis was slightly, but not significantly, lower in the follow-up sessions in the BMJ mouthwash group (P>0.05). The total anthocyanin content of the BMJ was calculated to be 506.5±3.51 and 476.2±7.99mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent per 100g of dried juice, before and after the sterilization process, respectively. Conclusion: The present results showed that the BMJ mouthwash can be effective as an adjunct treatment to reduce the incidence and severity of mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Anthocyanins appear to be mainly involved in the observed effect. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4331

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 03 08 4708 4708 Siamak Yaghobee 1. Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hoori Aslroosta Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sadegh Hasannia Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh Poursafar Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2022 12 25 2024 04 16 Objectives: Retained cement is an idiopathic factor contributing to early implant loss, making the selection of cement with minimal toxicity to peri-implant hard and soft tissues crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of three types of temporary cements and titanium specimens cemented with each, following direct exposure to human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE), eugenol-free zinc oxide (ZONE), and resin (R) cements were prepared in cylindrical forms of similar dimensions. Each cement was applied to titanium disks to create cemented titanium samples. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days. Cytotoxicity was assessed on HGF and MG-63 osteoblast-like cells using the MTT assay at 24, 72 hours, and 7 days. Data analysis involved two-way and one-way ANOVA, with Tukey's post-hoc tests, and statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. Results: All cements significantly reduced cell viability in both cell lines. None of the cements demonstrated cellular viability percentages above the minimum threshold (70%) required for biocompatibility. The cytotoxicity of the cemented titanium disks was not significantly different from that of the cement-only samples (P>0.05). Additionally, there were no significant differences in the sensitivity of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and HGF cells to the evaluated cements. Conclusion: The composition of the cement played a significant role in the host cell response. This study demonstrated that dental cements could induce tissue toxicity in the gingiva and bones, ultimately affecting implant survival. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4708

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 03 08 4311 4311 EN Yousef Jahandideh Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Reza Tayefeh-Davalloo Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Samiye Rahimabadi Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Mehran Falahchai Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Zahra Feizkhah Private practice, Rasht, Iran 2021 12 05 2022 07 14 Objectives: The increasing applications of composite resins and the need for correction of defects developed over time call for strategies to increase the bond strength of new repair composite resin to old (aged) composite resin. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation with various power levels on shear bond strength (SBS) of repair to aged nanofilled composite resin. Materials and Methods: Thermocycled disc-shaped (4.0×7.0mm) nanofilled composite resin specimens were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=15): bur abrasion and 35% phosphoric acid (control group), irradiation of 1 W Er:YAG laser, irradiation of 2W Er:YAG laser, and irradiation of 4.5W Er:YAG laser. The SBS was measured after the application of repair composite and thermocycling. Specimens were observed under a stereomicroscope to determine the mode of failure. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to assess the surface topography. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Games-Howell, and Fisher’s exact tests (α=0.05). Results: The mean SBS in the 1W and 2W laser groups was significantly lower than that in the 4.5W laser and control groups (P<0.05). The difference in SBS of the 1W and 2W laser (P=0.999), and the 4.5W laser and control (P=0.999) groups was not significant. Conclusion: Er:YAG laser irradiation with 4.5W power yielded a SBS comparable to that of the control group and significantly higher than that of the 1W and 2W laser groups. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4311

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 04 29 5043 5043 Negar Ebrahimi 1. Dental Implant Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Katayoun Sargeran 2. Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Yazdani 2. Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2023 12 06 2024 08 14 Objectives: Oral health literacy (OHL) is a concept far beyond reading and including other skills such as numeracy skills, listening, and decision-making. Self-reported oral health(SROH) is a reliable and cost-effective measure of dental and periodontal conditions. The current study aimed to evaluate the association between various aspects of OHL and SROH. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults visiting a dental school. One interviewer asked each individual ”How would you describe your oral health at present?” to measure SROH. Two response categories were “good” and “poor”. OHL-AQ (Oral Health Literacy Adult Questionnaire) was used to measure different aspects of OHL (Reading comprehension and knowledge, listening, numeracy and communication, and decision-making skills). The total scores ranged from 0 and 17. To analyze the data binary logistic regression and chi-square tests were performed. (P=0.05) Results: Totally 253 adults participated. Most participants (65.21%) were females. The numbers of subjects with good and poor SROH were 127(50.20%) and 126(49.80%) respectively. The mean age of the participants was 37.75±10.69 years and ranged from 18 to 65 years. The overall mean OHL score was 11.74±3.12. Out of the components of OHL in OHL-AQ, reading comprehension and knowledge skills (p=0.032), and decision-making skills (p=0.013) had a significant positive correlation with good SROH. In contrast, listening (p=0.955) and numeracy skills (p=0.349) did not exhibit a similar association. Conclusion: OHL level, particularly decision-making, reading comprehension, and knowledge skills, is associated with SROH. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/5043 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/5043/2142

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 04 29 4261 4261 Samaneh Talebi Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Hossien Fallahzadeh Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Sara Jambarsang Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Fatemeh Ezoddini Ardakani Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental Faculty, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2021 11 07 2023 07 25 Objectives: This study assessed sex estimation of Iranians according to maxillary left first molar measurements made on panoramic radiographs using classical and machine-learning classifiers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, tooth length- and width-related variables were calculated for maxillary left first molars on 131 panoramic radiographs (65 males, 66 females; age range of 18-30 years). A subsample of the radiographs was selected and reevaluated by two examiners after 1 month. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess reliability. The regularized discriminant analysis (RDA), support vector machine (SVM), and cascade-forward and feed-forward neural network models were used for sex estimation. Comparisons were made with the Mann-Whitney and t tests. Results: The intra-observer reliability was 0.9. SVM had the best performance on the test data in both classification schemes. The crown length at the cementoenamel junction (CEJL) and total crown length (CL) in the classification scheme I (sex estimation based on length and width variables), and CEJL/root length (RL), cementoenamel junction width (CEJW)/CEJL, and RL/total tooth length (TTL) in the classification scheme II (sex estimation based on the ratio of variables) were important variables for sex estimation determined by the SVM model. The CEJL had the highest discriminative potential with an area under the curve (AUC) of 78.8. The ratio of variables did not substantially improve sex estimation compared with single variables. Conclusion: CEJL is a reliable measure for sex estimation in Iranians with values higher than 6.25 indicating the male sex and other values indicating the female sex. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4261

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 05 07 4488 4488 Abolfazl Bazari Jamkhaneh Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zohreh Moradi . Restorative dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Laser research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sina Sadeghabadi Private practice, Tehran, Iran Pooya Soltanzadeh Loma Linda University, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California Nasim Chiniforush 6. Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 7. Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy 2022 05 29 2023 09 12 Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the color change (∆E) of teeth following the use of several bleaching protocols with power bleaching. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study evaluated 50 sound incisors and premolars. After cleaning, the teeth were immersed in a 2g/100mL tea solution for 6 days. The samples were randomly divided into 5 bleaching groups: Snow L [containing 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and 20% carbamide peroxide] with 980nm diode laser, White Smile (containing 32% HP) with LED (Monitex), Boost (containing 40% HP) with 980nm diode laser, Boost (containing 40% HP) with LED (Monitex), and Boost without activation. Color parameters were measured before and after staining, immediately and 1 week after bleaching by a spectrophotometer, and their ∆E was calculated and compared by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s test. Results: All bleaching protocols improved the color parameters. The ∆E in each group was significant after bleaching compared to before bleaching in the cervical (P<0.001), middle (P<0.001) and incisal (P<0.001) thirds. The ∆E was significant at 1 week compared to before bleaching (P=0.002 for the cervical, P<0.001 for the middle, and P<0.001 for the incisal third, respectively), immediately after bleaching compared with after staining (all Ps<0.001), and also at 1 week compared with after staining (all Ps<0.001). Conclusion: Within the study limitations, all power bleaching protocols caused color change of the teeth. The efficacy of Boost (conventional bleaching), Boost plus LED, and White Smile was better than Snow L regarding color change of teeth. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4488 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4488/2144

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 06 02 3930 3930 Mahshid Gifani Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mahsa Noghani Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Alireza Shirazi 1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2. Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Alireza Boruziniat Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2021 01 13 2021 12 24 Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of using a universal adhesive and application of a flowable composite by the snow-plow technique on microleakage of Class II composite restorations in primary molars. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, Class II cavities were prepared with their gingival margin at the cementoenamel junction in the proximal surfaces of 90 freshly extracted primary molars. The teeth were then assigned to 3 groups (n=30) for the application of a universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal) in total-etch and self-etch modes and a conventional etch-and-rinse adhesive (Single Bond 2). Each group was divided into 3 subgroups (n=10) for restoration without a flowable liner (control), application of a precured flowable liner, and using a flowable composite as liner by the snow-plow technique. After 1000 thermal cycles, the gingival margin microleakage was evaluated using the fluid filtration technique. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (alpha=0.05). Results: Type of adhesive, unlike liner application (P=0.579), had a significant effect on microleakage (P=0.01). Application of universal adhesive (whether in self-etch or total-etch mode) resulted in less microleakage than the conventional etch-and-rinse adhesive. There was no statistically significant difference between the two application modes of the universal adhesive (P>0.05). Conclusion: Application of Single Bond universal adhesive for composite restoration of primary molars may improve the marginal seal and decrease microleakage https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/3930 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/3930/2145

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 06 02 4254 4254 Ali Peimani Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Shirin Abedini Private practice, Rafsanjan, Iran Zahra Jahanshahi Afshar Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadali Heidari Heidari Private practice, Rafsanjan, Iran Zohreh Nouri Private practice, Rafsanjan, Iran Mahmood Sheikh Fathollahi National Center for Health Insurance Research, Tehran, Iran 2021 10 29 2023 12 24 Objectives: The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is increasing in adults, and they are associated with symptoms such as pain and dysfunction. Non-surgical treatment, which may include pharmacotherapy, laser therapy, and physiotherapy, is the first step in treatment of TMDs. This study aimed to compare the effects of naproxen, diclofenac, and piroxicam on TMDs. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 104 patients who were randomly assigned to four groups (n=26) to receive either 500mg naproxen tablets, 50mg diclofenac tablets, 10mg piroxicam capsules, or the placebo. The patients were evaluated for pain, clicking, tenderness, and maximum mouth opening (MMO) in five stages, i.e., before starting the treatment and 1 week, 3 weeks, 5 weeks, and 6 weeks after starting the treatment. Data were analyzed by one-way repeated measures ANOVA with one repeated and one between-subject factor, Fisher's exact test, and Chi-square test (alpha=0.05). Results: Tenderness and clicking decreased with time in all groups (P≤0.05). The mean pain intensity and tenderness were significantly lower in the naproxen group than the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Naproxen tablets can reduce pain and tenderness in TMD patients more than diclofenac tablets, piroxicam capsules, and the placebo. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4254 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4254/2146

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 06 02 4610 4610 Elham Khoshbin Endodontics Department, Dental Research Center, Avicenna Institute of Clinical Sciences, Avicenna Health Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Forough Nikzad Endodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Mohammad Reza Arabestani Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Maryam Farhdian Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Hamed Karkehabadi Endodontics Department, Dental Research Center, Avicenna Institute of Clinical Sciences, Avicenna Health Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2022 09 23 2023 10 11 Objectives: This study compared the antimicrobial effects of Endoseal MTA and AH Plus sealers on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) mature biofilms on dentin blocks. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, the root canals of 207 dentin blocks sectioned from the roots of extracted teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis and C. albicans, and incubated for 3 weeks. The specimens were evaluated in 12 groups (n=17) for random root canal filling with AH Plus, Endoseal MTA, or no sealer, and assessment after 24 hours and 2 weeks. Dentin chips were cultured on blood agar, and the colonies were counted. One random specimen from each group was assessed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests with Bonferroni adjustment at 0.05 level of significance. Results: At 24 hours, Endoseal MTA significantly decreased the E. faecalis count compared with the positive control (P<0.008). At 2 weeks, the colony count of both microorganisms was significantly lower in the AH Plus group compared with the control group (P<0.008). The C. albicans colony count in the Endoseal MTA group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 2 weeks (P<0.008). AH Plus caused significantly greater reduction in C. albicans colony count at 2 weeks compared with Endoseal MTA (P<0.008). Conclusion: AH Plus showed a higher antimicrobial activity over time against both E. faecalis and C. albicans. Endoseal MTA only showed short-term antibacterial effect. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4610 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4610/2147

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 06 02 4513 4513 Fateme Mohajeri Tehrani Department of Prosthodontics, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Seyed Mohammad Reza Hakimaneh epartment of Prosthodontics, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Ayat Ahmadi Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sayed Shojaedin Shayegh Department of Prosthodontics, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 2022 06 12 2022 11 29 Considering the increasing use of dental implants, their failure is a serious challenge encountered by dentists. An accurate prediction of the rate of failure based on the underlying factors allows patients to accept the risk of failure. This study assessed the failure rate and time of implant treatment in patients referred to a specialized clinic. This study was conducted on implant cases in Shahid Montazeri Clinic in Tehran, Iran, from March 2008 to March 2017. A total of 544 patients including 248 patients in the failure group (case) and 296 patients in the treatment success group (control) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using the univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Males, older patients, posterior implant placement site, and shorter height and/or diameter of dental implants increased the risk of failure (P<0.05). The implant brand was also an effective factor in the failure rate (P<0.001). Implants with smaller length or diameter were more prone to failure. Accordingly, in selecting a dental implant, attention should be paid to the patient's age, sex, and location of implant to reduce the failure rate by increasing the diameter and length of implant. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4513 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4513/2149

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 06 02 4494 4494 EN Jaber Yaghini Department of Periodontics, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mehrnegar Mahmoudzadeh Department of Periodontics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Zohreh Afshari Department of Periodontics, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Amir Farmohammadi Private practice, Isfahan, Iran Ahmad Mogharehabed Department of Periodontics, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2022 06 04 2024 07 10 Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical performance of coronally advanced flap (CAF) with connective tissue graft (CTG) and vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA). Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this randomized clinical trial consisted of 24 healthy non-smokers with Miller Class I or II gingival recession (GR) defects, equally divided into two groups of 12 to receive either a CAF or the VISTA technique. Clinical parameters including the clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival biotype, pocket probing depth (PPD), recession height (RH), recession width (RW), root coverage (RC), and keratinized tissue width (KTW) were measured and compared between the two groups using ANCOVA, Fisher's exact test, independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and repeated-measures ANOVA (alpha=0.05). Results: The CAF group showed a significantly higher RC percentage (97.22%±9.62%) than the VISTA group (77.22%±24.28%%). Both techniques exhibited similar performance in terms of reducing the PPD and increasing the KTW and gingival attachment. However, the CAF group experienced a significantly greater reduction in CAL, RW, and RH than the VISTA group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The VISTA and CAF groups showed a complete root coverage (CRC) percentage of 33.3% and 91.7%, respectively, indicating higher effectiveness of CAF than VISTA. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4494 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4494/2150

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 07 08 5458 5458 Seyed Mostafa Mosavinasab Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Material Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Kamyar Fathpoor . Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Material Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Babak Sarrafpoor . School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Sepidehsaadat Mousavinasab Private practice,Isfahan, Iran Mohamad Hossein Fakour Postgraduate Student, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2024 12 22 2025 03 11 Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the effect Bioactive Glass (BAG) on dentinal shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin. Materials and Methods: 120 healthy and intact third molar teeth were selected for this study. Superficial dentin was revealed from 3mm above CEJ by cross sectioning. Then the samples according to the bonding technique and the time of shear bond strength test (after 24 hours, after 3 months of storage in distilled water) were divided into six main groups. Then composite resin applied on exposed dentin surface in 1 mm plastic tubes. The SBS of the samples in each batch was calculated at the initial time and after keeping in distilled water for 3 months with a universal testing machine). For Statistical; analysis Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney non-parametric tests with Ben Feroni correction were used. The significance level was p<0.05. Results: In the initial time (after 24 hours), effect of adhesive application method (P=0.769), method of adding BAG particles (P=0.951) and the interaction between them (P=0.547) are not significant. During the storage time (3 months of storage in distilled water), effect of adhesive application method is not significant (P=0.417). effect of adding BAG particles is significant (P=0.002) and the interaction effect is not significant (P=0.820). Conclusion: the use of bioactive glass nano particles (45S5) with a low percentage (1%) as a universal dental adhesive filler can increase the strength and maintain the durability of the bond to dentin. This effect is independent of the adhesive application technique. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/5458 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/5458/2173

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 07 07 4421 4421 Vishal Sharma Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, ITS dental College, Ghaziabad, India Payal Sharma Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, ITS dental College, Ghaziabad, India Shubhangi Jain Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, ITS dental College, Ghaziabad, India Divya Shetty Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, ITS dental College, Ghaziabad, India Devicharan Shetty Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, ITS dental College, Ghaziabad, India Saurabh Juneja Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, ITS dental College, Ghaziabad, India 2022 03 28 2023 03 14 Objectives: This study evaluated the magnitude of generated aerosols and the extent and intensity of splatter during three orthodontic procedures: orthodontic bonding, motorized interproximal reduction, and debonding and clean-up of adhesive remnants Materials and Methods: Ten extracted teeth were mounted in a phantom jaw. Acridine orange dye was injected into the water irrigation reservoir. For each procedure, 24 grade-I filter paper discs at 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 o’clock positions at 1, 2,3, and 4ft distances, and 5 additional discs were placed on the operator’s face shield and right arm. After each procedure, the filter papers were left in place and the operator remained in his position for 30 minutes. The filter papers were analyzed for the amount and concentration of acridine orange dye using a stereomicroscope and a fluorescent microscope. Results: Maximum contamination occurred at the 4 o’clock position at 1ft and 2ft. Minimum was at the 10 o’clock position at 1ft distance in all procedures. Contamination of filter papers was found to be maximum on the operator’s face shield and minimum on the operator’s right arm for all three procedures. The intensity of contamination was similarly maximum at 1ft. distance at the 4 o’clock and 6 o’clock positions for the first procedure and the at 4 o’clock position for the second and third procedures. It was equally minimum at 12, 8 and 10 o’clock positions at 1ft distance in all 3 procedures. Conclusion: Orthodontic procedures produce localized contamination, highlighting the need for protective equipment for the operator, assistant and patient. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4421 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4421/2140

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 07 27 4482 4482 Mina Mohaghegh . Biomaterial Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad Kazemi Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mehdi Bidaki Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mitra Farzin Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2022 05 19 2023 05 31 Objectives: This study assessed the corrosion resistance and cytotoxicity of two copper-based alloys and one nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy used for post and core fabrication. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, the corrosion resistance of 9 specimens of dental casting alloys including one Ni-Cr-based (VeraBond) and two copper-based (American Dent-All and Aalbadent NPG) alloys (n=3) was assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in artificial saliva in two different pH levels of 2.5 and 7.1. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay using 15 specimens (n=5). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA (alpha=0.05). Results: EIS showed that the Ni-Cr alloy had the highest corrosion resistance. Aalbadent NPG and American Dent-All alloys showed significantly lower corrosion resistance than the Ni-Cr alloy (P<0.05). Aalbadent NPG showed higher corrosion resistance than American Dent-All in early hours, but its corrosion resistance decreased over time and became similar to that of American Dent-All at later time points. Although all groups showed higher corrosion in acidic environment, Ni-Cr showed good corrosion resistance in acidic pH. The cytotoxicity test revealed a significant difference between the copper-based groups (P<0.05). Ni-Cr was the most biocompatible alloy amongst all, followed by Aalbadent NPG. American Dent-All showed a high degree of cytotoxicity. Conclusion: The findings of this study raised some concerns regarding the clinical suitability of copper-based alloys for dental treatments, and the first choice for cast post and core restorations should be Ni-Cr alloys because they are more resistant to corrosion, and are less cytotoxic. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/4482 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/4482/2174

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 07 27 5201 5201 EN Sara Abtahi 1. Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. NanoTech Laboratory, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Sajjad Omidian Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran Yasaman Sherafatmand . Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Golnaz Tayebi Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Ranjbar Hassani Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 05 12 2025 01 25 Objectives: This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of six commercially available flowable dental composite resins, providing critical insights for informed material selection. Materials and Methods: Six flowable composite resin materials namely Edge Flow (EDF), Opallis Flow (OPF), Els Flow (ELF), Denfil Flow (DFF), DX Flow (DXF), and Charisma Flow (CHF) were tested according to ISO 4049 standards. Each material underwent evaluation of depth of cure, flexural strength, solubility, water sorption, and radiopacity. Statistical analyses with ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test were conducted to identify significant differences among the six study groups (alpha=0.05). Results: Significant material-specific differences were noted in depth of cure and flexural strength among the six study groups (P<0.05). Solubility and water sorption profiles were also significantly different among the study groups (P<0.05). All tested composite resins met the required radiopacity standards, ensuring accurate radiographic diagnosis and monitoring. However, none of the composite groups achieved an exact color match with the A2 reference shade. Conclusion: This study revealed significant differences in mechanical properties of flowable composites, particularly in depth of cure and flexural strength, underscoring the importance of selecting the appropriate material. Shade matching presented ongoing challenges, emphasizing the need for careful material selection. Future research should explore long-term clinical performance and standardized methods for handling of pre-test failures. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/5201 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/5201/2177

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 07 27 5205 5205 EN Parichehr Behfarnia Department of Periodontics, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Paria Biglary Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran Mohammad Tavakoli Department of Periodontics, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Seyed Mohammad Razavi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Seyed Amir Mirghaderi Dental Biomaterials Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Saman Naghieh Division of Biomedical Engineering, Collage of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Ehsan Foroozmehr Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Mahshid Kharaziha Department of Material Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran 2024 05 14 2025 01 21 Objectives: Objectives: The present research aimed to evaluate the potential of three-dimensional (3D) poly lactic acid (PLA) microstrut scaffolds, surface-modified with nanocomposite gelatin-forsterite fibrous layers possessing porosities of 40% and 70%, to facilitate bone regeneration and angiogenesis in a rat model. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six rats, each with a surgically created cranial defect measuring 4mm in radius, were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three experimental groups: A 40% scaffold group (G1), a 70% scaffold group (G2), and a control group receiving no scaffold (G3). Animals were euthanized at either 4 or 8 weeks post-surgery. Histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to observe the tissue response and bone formation within the surgical defects. Histomorphometric assessment was employed to quantify the percentage of newly formed woven and lamellar bone in each group. Results: The mean percentages of total bone formation at 4 weeks were 33.55±4.32%, 37.76±6.20%, and 33.66±2.30% in groups G1, G2, and G3, respectively. At 8 weeks, the corresponding mean percentages were 34.25±1.94%, 37.33±4.30%, and 35.16±3.68% for the same groups. Statical analysis revealed a significant difference in angiogenesis between G1and G2 at 8 weeks (p≤0.01). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the fabricated scaffold exhibited the capacity to facilitate osseous tissue development and promote osteoblast adhesion and infiltration. The scaffolds with 70% porosity showed superior performance in total bone formation compared to those with 40% porosity. This novel scaffold design holds promise for enhancing both angiogenesis and osteogenesis processes.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/5205 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/5205/2176

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 22 0 2025 08 31 5415 5415 Farrokh Farhadi Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Dentistry Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammadhossein Asadi Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Dentistry Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Saeed Nezafati Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Dentistry Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Tannaz Pourlak Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Dentistry Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2024 11 09 2025 05 19 Objectives: Extraction of impacted mandibular third molars is one of the most common procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery, which is usually associated with significant postoperative pain. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preemptive amitriptyline on postoperative pain after impacted mandibular third molar extraction. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial included 20 patients (n=40 teeth) who referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Tabriz Dental School for bilateral extraction of impacted third molars. After obtaining ethical approval and informed consent, the participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the intervention group received 25 mg amitriptyline preemptively while the control group received a placebo. The primary outcomes included postoperative pain score measured by a visual analog scale (VAS), and the frequency of analgesics taken during the postoperative period. Data were analyzed by paired samples t-test (alpha=0.05). Results: A total of 20 patients (10 males and 10 females) participated in this study, with a mean age of 22.2 years. The mean duration of surgery was almost similar in the two groups (P=0.847). The intervention group consumed significantly lower number of analgesics during the postoperative period than the control group (P<0.001). The time interval from surgery to the first analgesic intake was significantly longer in the amitriptyline group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Preemptive consumption of amitriptyline can effectively reduce postoperative pain and analgesic consumption following impacted mandibular third molar extraction surgery. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/5415 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/5415/2160