Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 12 5 2016 02 09 316 323 EN Bijan Heidari Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Farnaz Firouz Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Alireza Izadi Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Shahbaz Ahmadvand Private Practice, Hamadan, Iran Pegah Radan Postgraduate Student, Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2015 10 12 2015 10 12 Objectives: Heat-polymerized acrylic resin has been the most commonly used denture base material for over 60 years. However, the mechanical strength of acrylic resin is not adequate for long-term clinical performance of dentures. Consequently, fracture is a com- mon clinical occurrence, which often occurs in the midline of denture base.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cold cure and heat cure acrylic resins, rein- forced with glass fibers, polyethylene fibers, and metal wire for denture base repair. Materials and Methods: Ninety specimens were prepared and allocated to nine groups. Ten specimens were included in the control group, and 80 were allocated to 8 experi- mental groups. In the experimental groups, the specimens were sectioned into two halves from the middle, and were then divided into two main groups: one group was repaired with heat cure acrylic resin, and the other with cold cure acrylic resin. Each group was di- vided into 4 subgroups: unreinforced, reinforced with glass fibers, polyethylene fibers, and metal wire. All specimens were then subjected to a 3-point bending test, and the flexural strength was calculated. Results: The group repaired with heat cure acrylic resin and reinforced with glass fiber showed the highest flexural strength; however, the group repaired with cold cure acrylic resin and reinforced with polyethylene fibers had the lowest flexural strength. There was no significant difference between the groups repaired with heat cure and cold cure acrylic resins without reinforcement. Conclusion: Repairing denture base with heat cure acrylic resin, reinforced with glass fi- bers increases the flexural strength of denture base. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/304 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/304/286

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 12 5 2016 02 09 374 378 EN Sageena George Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, India Sheen John Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, India Anandaraj S Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, India Jyoti Issac Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, India Anoop Harris Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, India Reshmi J Post Graduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Trivandrum, India 2015 10 12 2015 10 12 Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease widely recognized in adults, but uncommon in children. The purpose of this paper is to report two cases of LP in children. The diagnosis was made based on clinical and histopathological findings. The treatment consisted of antifungal and multivitamin therapy. Regression of lesions was observed. The patients are still under follow up. Although LP is uncommon in children, it is necessary to have adequate knowledge about this condition for proper diagnosis and treatment. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/311 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/311/293

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 12 5 2016 02 09 324 332 EN Zahra Bahrololoomi Associated Professor, Department of Pediatric, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Fateme Ezoddini Associated Professor, Department of Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Niloofar Halvani Postgraduated Student, Department of Pediatric, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2015 10 12 2015 10 12 Objectives: Early diagnosis of incipient and non cavitated carious lesions is crucial for performing preventive treatments. The aim of this study was to compare the effi- ciency of three diagnostic methods of bite-wing radiography, DIAGNOdent, and visu- al examination in diagnosing the incipient occlusal caries of permanent first molars. Materials and Methods:  In this diagnostic cross-sectional study, 109 premanent first molar teeth of 31 patients aged 7-13 years were examined visually by bite-wing radi- ograghy, and DIAGNOdent. Scoring of visual and radiography examinations were based on the Ekstrand classification. Visual examination after pit and fissure opening was used as the gold standard. ROC curve (Receiver Operating Characteristics) was used to define the best cut-off point for DIAGNodent compareing with gold standard and inter-examiner reproductibility of visual, radiography were assessed using Kappa test and ICC (Intraclass Correlation) wase used for DIAGNOdent values. Results: The sensitivity of detecting caries that had extended into the enamel was 81.4%, 86.3%, and 81.4% for visual examination, DIAGNOdent, and radiography, respectively. Moreover, the specificity was 100%, 71.4%, and 100% for visual obser- vation, DIAGNOdent, and radiography, respectively in the enamel. The Kappa index for inter-examiner correlation was 0.7 and 0.8 for visual examination and radiog- raphy, respectively. The ICC (Intraclass Correlation) was 0.98 for the values read by DIAGNOdent. Conclusion: Visual examination is rendered as the first choice in the diagnosis of in- cipient caries. In suspicious cases, radiography and laser DIAGNOdent can be used as adjunct procedures. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/305 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/305/287

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 12 5 2016 02 09 379 384 EN Maryam Ghasempour Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Samane Hemmati Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Samane Gharekhani Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Ehsan Mooudi Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2015 10 12 2015 10 12 A case of multiple pulp stones, a supernumerary tooth and a congenitally missed tooth accompanied by several developmental dental anomalies concurrently affect- ing the upper and lower anterior teeth in an Iranian healthy girl is reported. Devel- opmental tooth abnormalities are usually found in conjunction with certain diseases or conditions. In the present case, although the patient had consanguineous parents and the role of genetics should be considered particularly for autosomal recessive traits, based on the child’s family and medical history, no correlation could be es- tablished between dental findings and systemic or metabolic diseases. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/312 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/312/294

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 12 5 2016 02 09 333 339 EN Hadi Ghasemi Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of M edical Sciences, Tehran, Iran MohammadReza Khami Associate Professor, Research Center for Caries Prevention, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jorma Virtanen Professor, Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland AND Professor, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Miira Vehkalahti Adjunct Professor, Department of Oral Public Health, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2015 10 12 2015 10 12 Objectives: Smoking may impact oral self-care (OSC).  This study aimed to analyze the role of smoking in OSC among Iranian dental health professionals. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional data were collected at two annual dental meetings and seven randomly selected dental schools in Iran. A total of 1,459 respond- ents composed of 967 general dental practitioners (GDPs), 229 dental educators (DE), and 263 senior dental students (DS) anonymously completed a self-administered ques- tionnaire inquiring about smoking status and OSC. Results: Thirty percent of the men and 12% of women reported smoking with no dif-ference according to their professional status. Women reported better OSC than did men, but only 26% of the women and 17% of the men followed the three most important recommendations for OSC. Smoking was associated with infrequent tooth brushing and flossing, irregular use of fluoride containing toothpaste, consumption of sugary snacks, and weak adherence to the recommended OSC guidelines. Conclusion: Dental health education should place more emphasis on smoking counsel-ing and cessation among dental health professionals. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/306 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/306/288

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 12 5 2016 02 09 385 388 EN Suruchi Juneja Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute , Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India Kanika Verma Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute , Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India Navneet Singh Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College, Sri Ganganagar, India Gagandeep Sidhu Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College, Sri Ganganagar, India Navneet Kaur Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sunam (Punjab), India 2015 10 12 2015 10 12 Fusion is an anomaly manifested in both deciduous and permanent dentitions. Fu- sion of dental tissues in the primary dentition is of clinical significance owing to the challenges in treatment of the affected teeth and aberrations encountered in development and eruption of their successors. Triple tooth refers to the union of three separate tooth entities. It can occur by fusion, germination, concrescence or a combination of both fusion and germination. Triplication is rarely encountered in the deciduous dentition. The case presented herein describes triplication of de- ciduous incisors and a supernumerary tooth. The diagnosis was confirmed with the help of radiographs, CT imaging and histological examination. Retention of the triple tooth had led to crossbite. Extraction was performed for the triplicated tooth and crossbite was corrected using a composite inclined plane. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/313 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/313/295

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 12 5 2016 02 09 340 346 EN Mahvash Mousavi Jazi Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza Sadeghi Pour Rodsari Professor, Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Faezeh Mirmiran Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 2015 10 12 2015 10 12 Objective: Increased levels of oxidative stress markers in periodontitis have been reported by recent studies. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are both in- creased during oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to detect and measure the level of oxidative stress markers in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF). Their correlation with peri-implant clinical parameters was investigated as well. Materials and Methods: PICF samples of 50 dental implants were collected in 31 pa- tients. Peri-implant clinical parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Levels of oxidative stress markers including MDA, SOD and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in PICF were deter- mined. Results:  Twenty  four  implants  showed  signs  of  inflammation  and  26  implants  had healthy  peri-implant tissues. MDA and TAC were seen in all samples, but SOD was not detected around 31 implants. The differences between the two groups with respect to the levels of MDA, TAC and SOD in PICF, were not statistically significant (P> 0.05).  In addition, significant positive correlations were observed between PPD and TAC and MDA level (P<0.05). Conclusion: Significant correlations exist between PPD and level of MDA and TAC. Moreover, level of oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD and TAC) in PICF does not sig- nificantly change in peri-implantitis compared to healthy implants. Measuring these mark- ers in PICF does not seem to be helpful for discrimination of peri-implant health and dis- ease status. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/a> Dental Student, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2016 02 16 2016 08 07 Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of two energy drinks on color change (∆E) of two methacrylate-based and a silorane-based composite resin after one week and one month. Materials and Methods: Thirty cubic samples were fabricated from Filtek P90, Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350XT composite resins. All the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Baseline color values (L*a*b*) of each specimen were measured using a spectrophotometer according to the CIEL*a*b* color system. Ten randomly selected specimens from each composite were then immersed in the two energy drinks (Hype, Red Bull) and artificial saliva (control) for one week and one month. Color was re-assessed after each storage period and ∆E values were calculated. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: Filtek Z250 composite showed the highest ∆E irrespective of the solutions at both time points. After seven days and one month, the lowest ∆E values were observed in Filtek Z350XT and Filtek P90 composites immersed in artificial saliva, respectively. The ∆E values of Filtek Z250 and Z350XT composites induced by Red Bull and Hype energy drinks were not significantly different. Discoloration of Filtek P90 was higher in Red Bull energy drink at both time points. Conclusions: Prolonged immersion time in all three solutions increased ∆E values of all composites. However, the ∆E values were within the clinically acceptable range (<3.3) at both time points.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1077 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1077/900

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 4 2016 12 31 271 278 EN Sara Soheilifar Department of Priodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Iraj Amiri Professor, Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Mohsen Bidgoli Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Morad Hedayatipanah Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2016 03 03 2016 04 25 Objectives: Stem cell (SC) therapy is a promising technique for tissue regeneration. This study aimed to compare the viability and proliferation ability of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) isolated from the periodontium of healthy and periodontitis-affected teeth to obtain an autologous, easily accessible source of SCs for tissue regeneration in periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: The PDLSCs were isolated from the roots of clinically healthy premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes and periodontally involved teeth with hopeless prognosis (with and without phase I periodontal treatment). Cells were cultured and viability and proliferation ability of third passage cells in each group were evaluated using the methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay. The results were statistically analyzed using t-test. Results: No SCs could be obtained from periodontitis-affected teeth without phase I periodontal treatment. The viability of cells was 0.86±0.13 OD/540 in healthy group and 0.4±0.25 OD/540 in periodontitis-affected group (P=0.035). The proliferation ability (population doubling time) of cells obtained from healthy teeth was 4.22±1.23 hours. This value was 2.3±0.35 hours for those obtained from periodontitis-affected teeth (P=0.02). Conclusions: Viability and proliferation ability of cells isolated from the periodontium of healthy teeth were significantly greater than those of cells isolated from the periodontitis-affected teeth.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1109 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1109/899

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 4 2016 12 31 279 286 EN Hoorieh Bashizadeh Fakhar Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mysa Mallahi Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Mehrdad Panjnoush Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Pooneh Mohseni Kashani Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 05 25 2016 07 13 Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of voxel size and object location in the field of view (FOV) on diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for detection of simulated bone defects. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, bone defects were drilled in four sections of a dry human mandible. Bone blocks were fixed on a platform parallel to the horizontal plane and CBCT images were acquired using 0.2mm and 0.3mm resolutions and five locations of FOV (anterior, posterior, left, right and center). Three reviewers viewed the images twice and the presence or absence of simulated bone defects was determined in positive and negative cases. Results: Sensitivity in different locations of FOV ranged between 0.25-1.0 and 0.75-1.0 in low and high resolutions, respectively. These values were 0.625-1.0 and 0.69-1.0, respectively for specificity. Intra-observer agreements were in the range of 0.84-1.0 and 0.75-1.0 and inter-observer agreements were in the range of 0.3-0.61 and 0.46-0.69 in high and low resolutions, respectively. The highest sensitivity was seen at the center of the FOV and with an increase in resolution from 0.3mm to 0.2mm, the sensitivity increased specially in the posterior region of the FOV while image resolutions and FOV locations did not affect specificity. Conclusions: The highest sensitivity values were obtained at the center of the FOV and lowest values were seen in images acquired in the posterior region in low resolution. Diagnostic accuracy improved with increased resolution. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1263 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1263/902

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 4 2016 12 31 287 294 EN Mehrdad Panjnoush Assistant Professor, Head of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamideh Norouzi Dentist, Tehran, Iran Yasaman Kheirandish Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmadreza Shamshiri Assistant Professor, Department of Community Oral Health, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Niloufar Mofidi Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2016 07 19 2016 09 16 Objectives: Precise radiographic assessment of the nasopalatine canal is required to prevent implant failure. The purpose of the current study was to determine the three dimensional (3D) morphology, as well as the dimensions of the nasopalatine canal using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, maxillary CBCT images from 300 patients (150 men, 150 women) were retrospectively evaluated. Sagittal and coronal views were reviewed to determine the nasopalatine canal morphology and dimensions. The difference in canal dimensions between men and women was evaluated using the Student’s t-test while the difference in canal morphology between the two sexes was assessed using Chi-squ