Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 620 8 Sara Ghadimi Assistant Professor, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Bahman Seraj Associate Professor, Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hooman Keshavarz Assistant Professor, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Ahmad Reza Shamshiri Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Razieh Abiri Dentist. 2015 10 16 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational poster on elementary school health teachers' knowledge about emergency management of traumatic dental injuries.Before poster presentation, a questionnaire was distributed to 40 health teachers (30 in the study group and 10 in the control group). One month after poster distribution, the subjects were re-evaluated in both groups using the same questionnaire.The percentage of participating health teachers who answered the questions correctly after poster distribution regarding crown fracture was 93.3% in the test group vs. 60% in controls; for management of luxation and avulsion, the percentages for cases and controls were 63.3% vs. 40% and 100% vs. 60%, respectively. One month after distribution of the educational poster, rate of correct responses increased in management of crown fracture, luxation, and avulsion in the test group, but there was no improvement in controls (P https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/411 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/411/387

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 629 38 Hamidreza Fattahi Associated Professor, Orthodontic Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Hamidreza Pakshir Professor, Orthodontic Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Neda Afzali Baghdadabadi Student Research Committee, Dental School, International Branch, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Shervin Shahian Jahromi Student Research Committee, Dental School, International Branch, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2015 10 16 An increased overbite may be due to a skeletal or dental etiology that may influence treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar features in patients with deep bite malocclusion in an Iranian population and to determine the most and least effective and contributory variables causing deep bite.Lateral cephalograms and study casts of normal (n=85) and deep bite (n=85) subjects were used to evaluate skeletal and dentoalveolar variables. Data were analyzed statistically by independent t-test. The percentages of each variable within normal limits, less and more than one standard deviation were calculated for deep bite subjects.The most significant skeletal contributing factors were gonial and basal angles, as well as the posterior facial height, ramus length, lower anterior facial height and upper anterior facial height. An increased curve of spee and decreased mandibular first molar height were predominant dental variables in the deep bite group. The variables with the greatest variances from the normal limit were the ratio of the lower anterior facial height to the total anterior facial height, the lower anterior facial height to the upper anterior facial height and the ramus length.The counterclockwise rotation of the mandible and the increased curve of spee were the dominant feature of deep bite malocclusion. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/409 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/409/385

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 639 43 Aliasghar Soleymani Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Zahra Bahrololoomi Associate Professor Department of Pediatric dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Shahrzad Javadinejadi Assistant Professor Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan, Esfahan, Iran. Parisa Salehi Dentist. 2015 10 16 Micro-leakage, one of the major reasons for recurrent decays, may lead to uncontrollable flow of liquids, pulp inflammation and peri-apical pathology. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate micro-leakage of pit and fissure sealants after using three different pit and fissure preparation techniques: 1) acid etching, 2) fissure enameloplasty and acid etching, and 3) air abrasion and acid etching.Sixty-nine extracted sound molars and premolars were randomly divided into three groups (23 samples in each group). Teeth were prepared using one of three occlusal surface treatments. Then the sealant was applied on the occlusal fissures of all teeth. The teeth were thermocycled and stored in normal saline. All teeth were sealed apically and coated with nail varnish and then were immersed in a 2% solution of methylen blue. Two buccolingual sections were made. The surfaces were scored 0 to 3 for the extent of micro-leakage using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by Kruskal- wallis and Dunn procedure.Enameloplasty and acid etching were significantly different regarding micro-leakage (P= 0.016), but no significant difference in micro-leakage was observed between air abrasion and the other methods.Enameloplasty followed by acid etching produced significantly less micro-leakage than the acid etching technique. Air abrasion acid etching was better than the acid etching technique in reducing micro-leakage too. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/407 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/407/383

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 644 54 Alireza Eshghi Associate Professor, Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Pediatric Dentistry,School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Maryam Khoroushi Professor, Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Alireza Rezvani Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2015 10 16 Bioactive glass air abrasion is a conservative technique to remove initial decalcified tissue and caries. This study examined the shear bond strength of composite resin to sound and decalcified enamel air-abraded by bioactive glass (BAG) or alumina using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives.Forty-eight permanent molars were root-amputated and sectioned mesiodistally. The obtained 96 specimens were mounted in acrylic resin; the buccal and lingual surfaces remained exposed. A demineralizing solution was used to decalcify half the specimens. Both sound and decalcified specimens were divided into two groups of alumina and bioactive glass air abrasion. In each group, the specimens were subdivided into two subgroups of Clearfil SE Bond or OptiBond FL adhesives (n=12). Composite resin cylinders were bonded on enamel surfaces cured and underwent thermocycling. The specimens were tested for shear bond strength. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 and three-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Similar to the experimental groups, the enamel surface of one specimen underwent SEM evaluation.No significant differences were observed in composite resin bond strength subsequent to alumina or bioactive glass air abrasion preparation techniques (P=0.987). There were no statistically significant differences between the bond strength of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive groups (P=1). Also, decalcified or intact enamel groups had no significant difference (P=0.918). However, SEM analysis showed much less enamel irregularities with BAG air abrasion compared to alumina air abrasion.Under the limitations of this study, preparation of both intact and decalcified enamel surfaces with bioactive glass air abrasion results in similar bond strength of composite resin in comparison with alumina air abrasion using etch-&-rinse or self-etch adhesives. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/405 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/405/381

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 655 64 Ahmad Rohanian Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ghasem Ommati Shabestari Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Somayeh Zeighami Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Javad Samadi Dentist, Private Practice, Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Reza Shamshiri Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Some manufacturers claim to have produced new irreversible hydro-colloids that are able to maintain their dimensional stability during storage. The present study evaluated the effect of storage time on dimensional stability of three alginates: Hydrogum 5, Tropicalgin and Alginoplast.In this experimental in-vitro trial, a total of 90 alginate impressions were made from a Dentoform model using Hydrogum 5, Tropicalgin and Alginoplast alginates. The impressions were stored in a sealed plastic bag without a damp paper towel for 0, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours and then poured with type III dental stone. Cross-arch (facial of 6 to facial of 6 on the opposite side) and antero-posterior (distal of right first molar to the ipsilateral central incisor) measurements were made with a digital caliper on the casts. Data were analyzed by two-way and one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (P https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/403 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/403/379

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 665 71 Siavash Savadi Oskoee Professor, Department of operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Mahmoud Bahari Assistant Professor, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Soodabeh Kimyai Professor, Department of operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Paria Motahhari Post-Graduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Mohammad Jafar Eghbal Professor, Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Saeed Asgary Professor, Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Immediate restoration after vital pulp therapy is essential in order to create and maintain effective coronal seal.The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of recently used pulp capping materials: white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium enriched mixture cement (CEM) to composite resin with the use of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems and compare them with the bond strength of commonly used resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) cement.Forty specimens from each test material were fabricated, measuring 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth. The specimens of each material were divided into 2 groups of 20 specimens according to the adhesive system (Single Bond vs. Clearfil SE Bond) used for bonding of resin composite. The shear bond strength values were measured at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min and fractured surfaces were examined. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey's test (P https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/401 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/401/377

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 672 9 Mina Biria Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Tehran, Iran. Gita Eslami Professor, Department of Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti Medical School, Tehran, Iran. Elaheh Taghipour Pedodontist,Tehran, Iran. Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban Associate Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 In the recent years, herbal oral hygiene products have gained increasing attention. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of three types of mastic gums on the level of Mutans streptococci, Lactobacilli and pH of the saliva.Forty-two students in the age range of 20-30 years were divided into three parallel groups; each of them separately used pure mastic gum, xylitol mastic gum and probiotic mastic gum for three weeks. Number of microorganisms and pH of the saliva were assessed before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank, paired-sample-t, Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey's post-hoc tests and Oneway ANOVA.Level of Mutans streptococci showed a significant reduction compared to its baseline value in all three groups (P https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/399 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/399/375

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 680 6 Zahra Jaberi Ansari Associate professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Narges Panahandeh Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Zahra Sadat Tabatabaei Shafiei Dentist, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban Associate Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Adequate bond strength between glass ionomer cements and composite resin is necessary for the success of the sandwich technique.This study assessed the micro-shear bond strength of composite resin to glass-ionomer cements (GIC) using self-etch adhesives with different pH values.One hundred specimens (6×4×2 mm) were made using Fuji II and Fuji II LC GICs and treated with different adhesives as follows: Group 1:Fuji II+ Adper Prompt L-Pop, Group-2: Fuji II+SE bond, Group-3: Fuji II + AdheSE, Group-4:Fuji II+ Protect bond, Group-5: Fuji II + Single bond, Group-6:Fuji II LC+ Adper Prompt LPop, Group-7: Fuji II LC+SE bond, Group-8:Fuji II LC+ AdheSE, Group-9: Fuji II LC+ Protect bond, and Group-10: Fuji II LC+ Single bond. Each group consisted of 10 specimens. A cylinder of Z100 composite resin was placed on each sample and light cured. After 24 hours of water storage (37°C), the specimens were subjected to micro-shear bond strength tests (0.5 mm/min). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test.The mean micro-shear bond strength of groups 1-10 was 11.66±1.79, 16.50±1.85, 18.47±1.77, 13.95±1.77, 15.27±1.49, 15.14±0.90, 20.03±1.19, 17.48±3.00, 16.24±1.98 and 16.03±1.49 MPa, respectively. There were significant differences between groups 1 and 7 (P0.05). Fuji II LC showed higher bond strength than Fuji II (P https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/397 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/397/373

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 687 95 Mojgan Paknejad Associate Professor, Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Periodontics,, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Amir Reza Rokn Professor, Member of Dental Implant Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Siamak Yaghobee Assistant Professor, Member of Dental Implant Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Periodontics, Faulty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Pantea Moradinejad Periodontist, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Mohadeseh Heidari Assistant Professor of Periodontics, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Ali Mehrfard Student, Islamic Azad University. 2015 10 16 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two types of bone substitutes, Bio-Oss and NuOss, for repair of bone defects.This study was performed on the calvaria of 14 New Zealand rabbits. The 6mm critical size defect (CSD) models of bone regeneration were used. Three CSDs were created in each surgical site. The first defect was filled with NuOss, the second one with Bio-Oss and the third one remained unfilled as the control. After healing periods of one and two months (seven animal for each time point), histological and histomorphometric analyses were carried out to assess the amount of new bone formation, presence of inflammation, foreign body reaction and type of new bone. Qualitative variables were analyzed by multiple comparisons, Wilcoxon, Friedman and Mann Whitney tests. Quantitative variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.The level of inflammation was not significantly different at four and eight weeks in the Bio-Oss (P=0.944), NuOss (P=1.000) and control groups (P=0.71). At four weeks, foreign body reaction was not observed in Bio-Oss, NuOss and control groups. There was no significant difference in the type of the newly formed bone at four and eight weeks in any group (P=0.141 for Bio-Oss, P=0.06 for NuOss and P=0.389 for the control group).Deproteinized bovine bone mineral can be used as a scaffold in bone defects to induce bone regeneration. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/395 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/395/371

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 696 702 Shishir Ram Shetty Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Science, Nitte University, Karnataka, India. Subhas G Babu Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Science, Nitte University Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Prasanna Kumar Rao Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Sham Kannepady Kishor Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Century International institute of Dental Sciences, Kasargaod, Kerala, India. Kumuda Arvind Rao Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Science, Nitte UniversityMangalore, Karnataka, India. Renita Castelino Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Science, Nitte UniversityMangalore, Karnataka, India. 2015 10 16 In our previous studies we have evaluated the role of antioxidants and trace elements in potentially malignant disorders and cancers of the oral cavity, taking into consideration the importance of antioxidants as biomarkers in cancer detection. We felt that other than evaluation, the correlation and interdependence that existed among antioxidants and trace elements require further evaluation in order to develop a better understanding.Serum and salivary zinc, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels were evaluated in 65 healthy controls, 115 subjects with potentially malignant oral disorders, and 50 subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma, using the atom absorption photometry, [5, 5-Dithiobis (2 nitrobenzoic acid)], and nitroblue tetrazolium methods, respectively.Serum zinc and serum glutathione showed significant positive correlation (r=0.76, P=0.01). Similarly, salivary glutathione and salivary zinc levels had a positive correlation (r=0.68, P=0.01). Serum superoxide dismutase showed a strong positive correlation with serum zinc (r=0.64, P=0.01). Similarly, there was a moderate positive correlation between salivary superoxide dismutase and salivary zinc (r=0.67, P=0.01).Our findings showed that trace elements and antioxidants exhibited interdependence in serum, as well as in saliva, in both physiologic and pathologic states such as oral cancer. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/393 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/393/369

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 703 10 Barani Kumarasamy Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, RM Dental College, Chennai, India. Sunayana Manipal Senior Lecturer, Department of Public health Dentistry, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, India. Prabu Duraisamy Department of Public health Dentistry, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, India. Adil Ahmed Senior Lecturer, Department of Public health Dentistry, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, India. Sp Mohanaganesh Post-Graduate Student, Department of Public health Dentistry, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, India. C Jeevika Post-Graduate Student, Department of Public health Dentistry, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, India. 2015 10 16 Use of alternative medicine to control oral streptococci is a new topic worthy of further investigation. This study aimed to elucidate the dose-dependent anti-bacterial activity of crude aqueous extract of ripe Morinda citrifolia L. (Family: Rubiaceae) fruits against oral streptococci i.e. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis, that cause dental caries in humans.Fresh ripe M. citrifolia fruits (750g) were ground in an electronic blender with sterile water (500ml). The crude aqueous extract was lyophilized to yield a brown colored powder. Various concentrations (1000-100μg/ ml) of the extract were tested for its antibacterial activity (Kirby and Bauer method) against whole cells of S. mutans and S. mitis. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by micro-dilution method, using serially diluted (2 folds) fruit extract, according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).Crude aqueous extract (1000μg/ ml) of ripe M. citrifolia fruits effectively inhibited the growth of S. mutans (19±0.5 mm) and S. mitis (18.6±0.3 mm) compared to the streptomycin control (21.6±0.3 mm). The growth inhibition was clearly evident with "nil" bacteriostasis, even after 48 hours of incubation at 37°C. The MIC of the extract for S. mutans and S. mitis was 125 μg and 62.5 μg, respectively.Our results suggest that phytochemicals naturally synthesized by M. citrifolia have an inhibitory effect on oral streptococci. Furthermore, purification and molecular characterization of the "bioactive principle" would enable us to formulate a sustainable oral hygiene product. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/391 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/391/367

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 711 4 Anshul Jain Senior Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India. Shridhar D Baliga Professor, (Head of the Department), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. 2015 10 16 One of the complications during a routine dental implant placement is accidental ingestion of the implant instruments, which can happen when proper precautions are not taken. Appropriate radiographs should be taken to locate the correct position of foreign body; usually the foreign body passes asymptomatically from gastrointestinal tract but sometimes it may lead to intestinal obstruction, perforations and impactions. The aim of this article is to report accidental ingestion of 19 mm long screw driver by a senile patient. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/389 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/389/365

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 715 20 Abolfazl Saboury Associated Professor, Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Tehran, Iran. Ali Gooya Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Golestan Dental School, Gorgan, Iran. 2015 10 16 Screw-retained implant restorations have an advantage of predictable retention as well as retrievability, and obviate the risk of excessive sub-gingival cement commonly associated with cement retained implant restorations. Screw-retained restorations generally have screw access holes, which can compromise esthetics and weaken the porcelain around the holes. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of a separate overcasting crown design to cover the screw access hole of implant screw-retained prosthesis for improved esthetics. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/387 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/387/363

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 721 5 Nasrollah Saghravanian Associated Professor, Department of Oromaxillofacial Pathologist, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mash-had University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Mahdi Pazouki Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist, Mashhad, Iran. Maryam Zamanzadeh Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 2015 10 16 Amelanotic melanoma is a variant of malignant melanoma comprising 2% to 8% of all malignant melanomas. The amelanotic presentation of melanoma in the oral cavity is extremely rare and has been reported only occasionally in the literature. Moreover, the lack of melanin makes these tumors difficult to diagnose than that of pigmented lesions and the prognosis tends to be poorer. Herein, we report an amelanotic melanoma involving the oral mucosa of the maxilla in a 27 year-old male. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/385 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/385/361

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 726 32 Preetham Jain Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, India. Krishnamurthi Ananthnarayan Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, India. Suma Ballal Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, India. Velmurugan Natanasabapathy Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, India. 2015 10 16 The main objective of nonsurgical endodontic treatment is to eliminate micro-organisms from the root canal system. Adequate knowledge of the root canal morphology and its complexities is essential to render successful endodontic treatment. Variations in tooth form and morphology may be found in the form of anomalous cusps in the crown region or additional roots. In permanent molars, changes in the crown morphology may occur either in the form of an additional tooth (paramolar) or supernumerary cusp termed as "paramolar tubercle". https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/383 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/383/359

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 6 2014 12 15 733 9 Marcelo Coelho Goiato Professor, Oral Oncology Center, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Daniela Micheline Dos Santos Student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Lisiane Cristina Bannwart Student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Marcela Filié Haddad Student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Leonardo Viana Pereira Student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Aljomar José Vechiato Filho Student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. 2015 10 16 Several factors including cancer, malformations and traumas may cause large facial mutilation. These functional and aesthetic deformities negatively affect the psychological perspectives and quality of life of the mutilated patient. Conventional treatments are prone to fail aesthetically and functionally. The recent introduction of the composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA), which uses transplanted facial tissues of healthy donors to recover the damaged or non-existent facial tissue of mutilated patients, resulted in greater clinical results. Therefore, the present study aims to conduct a literature review on the relevance and effectiveness of facial transplants in mutilated subjects. It was observed that the facial transplants recovered both the aesthetics and function of these patients and consequently improved their quality of life. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/381 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/381/357