Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 123 30 Hossein Agha Aghili Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Seyed Mohammad Hoseini Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Soghra Yassaei Assosiate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Seyed Amirreza Fatahi Meybodi Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mohammad Hosein Toudeh Zaeim Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mahdjoubeh Goldani Moghadam Post Graduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 2015 10 16 The aim of this animal study was to evaluate the possible effects of Carbonated Soft Drink consumption on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats.Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. In the experimental groups (A&B), the water in the dietary regimen was replaced with soft drinks (Fanta® in group A and Cola® in group B) two weeks before placement of orthodontic appliances. Then 5-mm nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were placed between the maxillary right first molars and first incisors under general anesthesia. This regimen continued for two weeks more and animals drank soft drink ad libitum. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed, and interproximal tooth movements were measured.The mean amounts of tooth movement were 0.19mm in group A, 0.22mm in group B and 0.37mm in group C. Statistical analysis with analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed significant differences between all groups. The least movement occurred in group A that had received Fanta® drink.CSDs consumption decreases the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. The role of soft drinks in decreasing tooth movement might be related to its effects on bone metabolism. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/540 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/540/515

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 131 6 Haleh Heshmat Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Hoorizad Ganjkar Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran. Solmaz Jaberi Dentist, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Mohammad Javad Kharrazi Fard Epidemiologist, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2015 10 16 The growing demand for enhanced esthetic appearance has led to great developments in bleaching products. The exposure of hard tissues of the tooth to bleaching agents can affect the roughness of the enamel surface. The freshly bleached enamel surface exposed to various surface treatments such as fluoride and other remineralizing agents have been assessed in this study. The aim of this experimental study was to compare the effect of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate with Fluoride (MI Paste Plus) and Remin Pro on the enamel surface roughness after bleaching.Thirty enamel samples of sound human permanent molars were prepared for this study. After initial roughness measurement with profilometer, the samples were exposed to 37% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent 20 minutes twice, and randomly divided into three groups of ten. In group 1, a CPP-ACPF containing paste (MI Paste Plus) and in group 2, Remin Pro were applied to the teeth during a 15 day period for 5 minutes, twice a day. Samples of group 3 (control) were immersed in artificial saliva for 15 days. The roughness of all samples were measured at the beginning, after bleaching and after the study intervention and statistically analyzed.The surface roughness significantly increased in all groups following bleaching, and then it showed a decrease after application of both Remin Pro and CPP-ACPF in comparison to using bleaching agent (P0.05).There was no difference between surface roughness of MI Paste Plus and Remin Pro groups. Also the surface roughness was decreased compared to the initial enamel surface roughness. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/538 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/538/513

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 137 42 Mina Biria Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Amir Ghasemi Associate Professor, Preventive Dentistry Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Science, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Hassan Torabzadeh Associate Professor, Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Arash Shisheeian Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban Associate Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Recently, self-etching fissure sealants have been introduced to reduce technical sensitivity; however, their efficacy should be assessed. The aim of this study was to assess of the microshear bond strength of self-etching and conventional fissure sealants.Thirty non-carious third molars were randomly divided into three groups (N=10). Microcylinders of Concise fissure sealant were bonded to prepared buccal and lingual surfaces using the two following procedures. In the first group, phosphoric acid was used to prepare the substrate; whereas in group two, Concise was used in combination with Prompt L-Pop. In group 3, a self-etching fissure sealant (Enamel Loc) was utilized per se. After 24 hours, the samples were subjected to 500 rounds of thermocycling and shear bond testing using a microtensile tester machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni Post HOC tests (SPSS version 16).THE MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF MICROSHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF THE GROUPS WERE AS FOLLOWS: Group 1: Concise+ etching (14.59 ± 1.19 MPa), Group 2: Concise+Prompt L-Pop (12.86 ± 1.98 MPa), and Group 3: Enamel Loc (5.59 ± 0.72 MPa). One-way ANOVA revealed that all the differences were significant and the conventional sealant exhibited the highest mean bond strength.Conventional sealant using phosphoric acid etch application prior to fissure sealant application demonstrated more bond strength in comparison with that of self-etch bonding and self-etch sealant. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/536 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/536/511

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 143 9 Saravanapriyan Soundappan Post Graduate Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Jothi Latha Sundaramurthy Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Sandhya Raghu Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Velmurugan Natanasabapathy Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 2015 10 16 The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of Biodentine in comparison with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM), as a root end filling material, using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).Thirty permanent maxillary central incisors were chemo-mechanically prepared and obturated. Three millimetres of the root end were resected and 3mm retro cavity preparation was done using ultrasonic retrotips. The samples were randomly divided into three groups (n=10) and were restored with root end filling materials: Group I - MTA, Group II - Biodentine, Group III - IRM. The root ends were sectioned transversely at 1mm and 2mm levels and evaluated for marginal adaptation using SEM. The gap between dentin and retro filling material was measured at four quadrants. The mean gap at 1mm level and 2mm level from the resected root tip and combined mean were calculated. The data were statistically analyzed, using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc test for intergroup analysis and paired t-test for intragroup analysis.The overall results showed no statistically significant difference between MTA and IRM but both were superior when compared to Biodentine. At 1mm level there was no statistically significant difference among any of the tested materials. At 2mm level MTA was superior to both IRM and Biodentine.In overall comparison, MTA and IRM were significantly superior when compared to Biodentine in terms of marginal adaptation, when used as retrograde filling material. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/534 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/534/509

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 150 60 Maryam Khoroushi Associate Professor, Dental Materials Research Center and Department of of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Mojgan Rafizadeh Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Pouran Samimi Associate Professor, Dental Materials Research Center and Department of of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2015 10 16 Ethanol wet-bonding (EWB) technique has been stated to decrease degradation of resin-dentin bond. This study evaluated the effect of two EWB techniques on composite resin-to-enamel bond strength.Silicon carbide papers were used to produce flat enamel surfaces on the buccal faces of forty-five molars. OptiBond FL (OFL) adhesive was applied on enamel surfaces in three groups of 15 namely: Enamel surface and OFL (control);Protocol 1 of the EWB technique: absolute ethanol was applied to water-saturated acid-etched enamel surfaces for 1 minute before the application of ethanol-solvated hydrophobic adhesive resin of OFL 3 times;Protocol 2: progressive ethanol replacement; water was gradually removed from the enamel matrix using ascending ethanol concentrations before OFL application. Composite build-ups were made and the specimens were stored for 24 hours at 37°C and 100% relative humidity. Shear bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Fracture patterns were evaluated microscopically. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Fisher's exact test (α=0.05).There were no significant differences in bond strength between the groups (P=0.73). However, regarding failure patterns, the highest cohesive enamel fractures were recorded in groups 2 and 3.In this study, although both methods of EWB did not influence immediate bond strength of composite resin to enamel, the majority of failure patterns occurred cohesively in enamel. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/531 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/531/507

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 161 6 Noushin Shokouhinejad Associate Professor, Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Kazem Ashofteh Yazdi Associate Professor, Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Hossein Nekoofar Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Endodontology Research Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK. Shakiba Matmir Dental Student, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehrfam Khoshkhounejad Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 The aim of this study was to compare the effect of an acidic environment on dislocation resistance (push-out bond strength) of EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM putty and ERRM paste), a new bioceramic-based material, to that of mineral tri-oxide aggregate (MTA).One-hundred twenty root dentin slices with standardized canal spaces were divided into 6 groups (n = 20 each) and filled with tooth-colored ProRoot MTA (groups 1 and 2), ERRM putty (groups 3 and 4), or ERRM paste (groups 5 and 6). The specimens of groups 1, 3, and 5 were exposed to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution (pH=7.4) and those of groups 2, 4, and 6 were exposed to butyric acid (pH= 4.4). The specimens were then incubated for 4 days at 37°C. The push-out bond strength was then measured using a universal testing machine. Failure modes after the push-out test were examined under a light microscope at ×40 magnification. The data for dislocation resistance were analyzed using the t-test and one-way analysis of variance.In PBS environment (pH=7.4), there were no significant differences among materials (P=0.30); but the mean push-out bond strength of ERRM putty was significantly higher than that of other materials in an acidic environment (P https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/529 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/529/505

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 167 71 Katayoun Borhan-Mojabi Associate Professor, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Faezeh Mirmiran Assistant Professor, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Marjan Nassiri-Asl Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Pantea Nazeman Dentist, Research Center, School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Hassan Jahanihashemi Associate Professor of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. 2015 10 16 Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common and painful oral inflammatory lesion with an unknown etiology. This study aims to determine the therapeutic effects of ibuprofen, diphenhydramine and aluminum magnesium simethicone (AlMgS) syrup on reducing oral aphthous ulcer pain.Thirty-one patients with RAS participated in this double-blind clinical trial. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n=14) received drug mixture as drug A (diphenhydramine and AlMgS) and the case group (n=17) received drug B (ibuprofen, diphenhydramine and AlMgS). Drugs were topically applied on ulcers by the patients three times a day for 3 days. Patients were re-examined for the symptoms on the fourth day following their first visits using VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) tool. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test, independent t-test and chi-square test.The mean of pain reduction was 3.17±2 (P https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/527 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/527/503

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 172 8 Zahra Bahrololoomi Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Elham Heydari Dentist. 2015 10 16 Microleakage can be responsible for tooth hypersensitivity, secondary caries, and the possibility of pathological pulp alterations in restored teeth. Recently, alternative methods for tooth preparation such as laser irradiation have been studied; but there are limited studies on primary teeth. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the degree of microleakage of composite restorations prepared by Er:YAG laser and conventional bur preparation with two adhesive systems in primary teeth.Eighty primary canine teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups. Class V cavities were prepared by Er:YAG laser or diamond bur on buccal surface. The groups were as follows: group1: High speed drill + self-etching adhesive Adper Prompt-L-Pop, group 2: Er:YAG laser + etch & rinse adhesive Adper Single Bond, group 3: High speed drill + Adper Single Bond, group 4: Er:YAG laser + Adper Prompt-L-Pop. Cavities were restored with Filtek Z250 composite resin. Then all of the specimens were polished, thermocycled, immersed in 2% methylene blue solution and sectioned longitudinally. Degree of microleakage was evaluated by two evaluators who assigned the micrleakage score (0 to 3). The original data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests.There were significant differences between bur-prepared cavities in the Adper Single Bond and other groups. There were no statistically significant differences between other groups.Laser-prepared cavities showed higher microleakage scores than cavities prepared with diamond bur with etch and rinse adhesive system. No significant difference was revealed between the laser and bur-prepared cavities using self-etch primers. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/525 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/525/501

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 179 87 Pallavi Vashisth Department of Pedodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, UP, India. Mudit Mittal Department of Periodontology, Kothiwal Dental College, Moradabad, UP, India. Mousumi Goswami Professor, Department of Pedodontics, ITS Dental College, Greater Noida, UP, India. Seema Chaudhary Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Kothiwal Dental College, Moradabad, UP, India. Swati Dwivedi Department of Pedodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, UP, India. 2015 10 16 To evaluate the interfacial morphology and the bond strength produced by the three-step, two-step and single-step bonding systems in primary teeth.Occlusal surfaces of 72 extracted human deciduous teeth were ground to expose the dentin. The teeth were divided into four groups: (a) Scotchbond Multipurpose (3M, ESPE), (b) Adh Se (Vivadent), (d) OptiBond All-in-One (Kerr) and (e)Futurabond NR (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany). The adhesives were applied to each group following the manufacturer's instructions. Then, teeth from each group were divided into two groups: (A) For viewing interfacial morphology (32 teeth), with 8 teeth in each group, and (B) For measurement of bond strength (40 teeth), with 10 teeth in each group. All the samples were prepared for viewing under SEM. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 15.0 software.Observational measurement of tag length in different adhesives revealed that Scotchbond had the most widely spread values with a range from 12.20 to 89.10μm while OptiBond AIO had the narrowest range (0 to 22.50). The bond strength of Scotchbond Multipurpose was significantly higher (7.4744±1.88763) (p https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/523 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/523/499

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 188 95 Nahid Mohammadzadeh Akhlaghi Associate Professor, Endodontic Department, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Bahareh Dadresanfar Assistant Professor, Endodontic Department, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Soheila Darmiani Post Graduation Student of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Amirabbas Moshari Assistant Professor, Endodontic Department, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Canal preparation generates a substantial amount of debris and smear layer (SL). The size and taper of the Master Apical File (MAF) affects on penetration of irrigants and subsequently canal cleaning efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MAF size and taper on penetration of irrigants to the apical third of curved mesiobuccal (MB) canals of mandibular first molars.Eighty-nine human mandibular first molars were divided into one control group (n=5) without rotary instrumentation and 6 experimental groups (n=14 each) that were prepared with the following RaCe rotary files as MAF: 25.04 (group1), 25.06 (group 2), 30.04 (group 3), 30.06 (group 4), 35.04 (group 5) and 35.06 (group 6). All the experimental groups were rinsed with 2 ml of 17 % EDTA followed by 2 ml of 5.25% NaOCl. Debridement of the MB canals was evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (P https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/521 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/521/497

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 196 209 Sedighe Sadat Hashemi Kamangar Assisstant Professor, Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran. Kiana Kiakojoori Dental Student, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran. Mansoore Mirzaii Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Javad Kharazi Fard Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 40% hydrogen peroxide and 15% carbamide peroxide on microhardness and color change of a silorane-based composite resin in comparison with two methacrylate-based composites.Fifty-four disc-shaped specimens (A3 shade) were fabricated of Filtek P90 (P90), Filtek Z350XT Enamel (Z350) and Filtek Z250 (Z250) (3MESPE) (n=18). The samples of each composite were randomly divided into three subgroups of 6. The control subgroups were immersed in distilled water; the test groups were exposed to Opalescence Boost (OB) once; and Opalescence PF (OP) (Ultradent) for two weeks. Vickers microhardness testing and a spectrophotometric analysis of the color of samples were performed before and after each intervention.The baseline microhardness of P90 was significantly lower than that of the other two composites (P=0.001), but no difference was found between Z250 and Z350 in this respect (P=0.293). Bleaching treatments significantly decreased the microhardness of Z250 and Z350 (P< 0.001), but no change was observed in P90 test and control subgroups (P> 0.05). No significant difference was detected between the two types of bleaching (P>0.05). After bleaching with OB, ΔE value was measured to be 3.12(1.97), 3.31(1.84) and 3.7(2.11) for P90, Z250 and Z350, respectively. These values were 5.98(2.42), 4.66(2.85) and 4.90(2.78) after bleaching with OP with no significant difference.Bleaching decreased the microhardness of methacrylate-based but not silorane-based composites. Although no significant differences were found in ΔE of composites, ΔE of all groups did not remain in the clinically acceptable range after bleaching except for P90 after bleaching with 40% H2O2 (ΔE < 3.3). https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/519 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/519/495

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 210 5 Abbas Monzavi Associate Professor, Laser Research Center of Dentistry (LRCD), School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sima Shahabi Associate Professor, Laser Research Center of Dentistry (LRCD), School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Reza Fekrazad Associate Professor, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences (LRCMS), AJA University of Medical Sciences-Laser Research Center of Dentistry (LRCD), School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Roohollah Behruzi Postgraduate student, department of endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nasim Chiniforush PhD Candidate of Laser Dentistry, Laser Research Center of Dentistry (LRCD), School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Peri-implantitis is one of the most common reasons for implant failure. Decontamination of infected implant surfaces can be achieved effectively by laser irradiation; although the associated thermal rise may cause irreversible bone damage and lead to implant loss. Temperature increments of over 10ºC during laser application may suffice for irreversible bone damage.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temperature increment of implant surface during Er:YAG laser irradiation with different cooling systems.Three implants were placed in a resected block of sheep mandible and irradiated with Er:YAG laser with 3 different cooling systems namely water and air spray, air spray alone and no water or air spray. Temperature changes of the implant surface were monitored during laser irradiation with a K-type thermocouple at the apical area of the fixture.In all 3 groups, the maximum temperature rise was lower than 10°C. Temperature changes were significantly different with different cooling systems used (P https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/517 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/517/493

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 216 24 Mohammad Sadegh Ahmad Akhoundi Professor, Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute & Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farzaneh Aghajani PhD Student, Dental Research Center & Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Javad Chalipa Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Amir Hooman Sadrhaghighi Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz Iran. 2015 10 16 Increased number of adult patients requesting orthodontic treatment result in bonding bracket to ceramic restorations more than before. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to two types of ceramic bases with conventional orthodontic bonding resin and a new nano-filled composite resin.Twenty four feldespathic porcelain and 24 lithium disilicate ceramic disks were fabricated. All of the samples were conditioned by sandblasting, hydrofluoric acid and silane. Maxillary incisor metal brackets were bonded to half of the disks in each group by conventional orthodontic bonding resin and the other half bonded with a nano-filled composite. The samples then were thermocycled for 2000 cycle between 5-55° C. Shear bond strength was measured and the mode of failure was examined. Randomly selected samples were also evaluated by SEM.The lowest bond strength value was found infeldespathic ceramic bonded by nano-filled composite (p<0.05). There was not any statistically significant difference between other groups regarding bond strength. The mode of failure in the all groups except group 1 was cohesive and porcelain damages were detected.Since less damages to feldspathic porcelain was observed when the nano-filled composite was used to bond brackets, the use of nano-filled composite resins can be suggested for bonding brackets to feldspathic porcelain restorations. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/515 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/515/491

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 225 32 Sara Tavassoli-Hojjati Assistant Professor, Department of pediatric Dentistry, Dental school, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Elham Aliasghar Dentist, Department of pediatric Dentistry, Dental school, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Ahmadian Babaki Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Emadi Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maliheh Parsa PhD Student, Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shohreh Tavajohi General Technician, Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Ahmadyar Dentist, Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Nasser Ostad Proffesor, Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 There is evidence indicating that pomegranate juice contains many of the essential properties necessary to retain cell viability and cell proliferation. These properties indicate that pomegranate juice is a suitable storage medium for avulsed teeth. However, this idea has not yet been tested. In this study, the capacity of pomegranate juice (PJ) as a storage medium for retaining avulsed teeth was evaluated.PDL fibroblasts were obtained from healthy human premolars and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM). Cultured cells were subjected to different concentrations of pomegranate juice (PJ), 1% Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and tap water for 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours. PDL cell viability was assessed by the neutral red uptake assay.The results indicated that 7.5% PJ was the most effective solution for maintaining PDL cell viability amongst all the experimental solution's and time intervals (P https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/513 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/513/489

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 233 41 Sakineh Arami Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Masoume Hasani Tabatabae Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyedeh Fatemeh Namdar PhD candidate of laser dentistry, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nasim Chiniforush Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. 2015 10 16 The aim of this study was to assess the surface of yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) after surface treatment with lasers and airborne-particle abrasion.First, 77 samples of presintered zirconia blocks measuring 10 × 10 × 2 mm were made, sintered and polished. Then, they were randomly divided into 11 groups (n=7) and received surface treatments namely, Er:YAG laser irradiation with output power of 1.5, 2 and 2.5 W, Nd:YAG laser with output power of 1.5, 2 and 2.5 W, CO2 laser with output power of 3, 4 and 5 W, AL2O3 airborne-particle abrasion (50μ) and no treatment (controls). Following treatment, the parameters of surface roughness such as Ra, Rku and Rsk were evaluated using a digital profilometer and surface examination was done by SEM.According to ANOVA and Tukey's test, the mean surface roughness (Ra) after Nd:YAG laser irradiation at 2 and 2.5 W was significantly higher than other groups. Roughness increased with increasing output power of Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers. Treated surfaces by Er:YAG laser and air abrasion showed similar surface roughness. SEM micrographs showed small microcracks in specimens irradiated with Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers.Nd:YAG laser created a rough surface on the zirconia ceramic with many microcracks; therefore, its use is not recommended. Air abrasion method can be used with Er:YAG laser irradiation for the treatment of zirconia ceramic. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/511 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/511/487

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 11 2 2014 04 15 242 7 Indu Varkey Post Graduate Student, A. B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India. Kavita Rai Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, A.B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India. Amitha M Hegde Professor, Department of of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, A.B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India. Mangalpady Shenoy Vijaya Professor, Department of Pediatrics, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, India. Vinod Idicula Oommen Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatrics, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, India. 2015 10 16 Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare, genetically inherited platelet disorder in which the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) complex is either deficient or, dysfunctional. The incidence is about 1 in 1,000,000. This case report deals with a 4 year-old girl diagnosed with GT presenting with dental caries and periapical lesions in the primary mandibular first molars. To provide the best care, an interdisciplinary approach was followed by a team consisting of pediatric dentists, pediatricians and anesthesiologists. Complete oral rehabilitation was planned under general anesthesia which included extractions, multiple esthetic restorations and space maintainers with the utmost care to prevent unwarranted bleeding. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/509 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/509/485