Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 10 3 2013 05 15 203 9 Leila Khojastehpour Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Sara Mogharrabi Postgraduate Student of Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh Professor, Endocrine and metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Nariman Iraji Nasrabadi Dentist, Member of Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2015 10 16 This study was conducted to compare the mandibular bone density between postmenopausal women with normal skeletal bone mass density (BMD) and those with low skeletal BMD using digital panoramic radiographs.One hundred fifteen postmenopausal women were divided into normal and osteoporotic/osteopenic groups. Digital panoramic radiographs were prepared using Digora PCT Sorodex equipment and Promax panoramic X-ray unit (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland, Kvp=68 and mA=9). The mandibular bone density of an area (approximately 4×4 mm), exactly near the distal edge of the right mental foramen was determined in digital panoramic radiographs using Digora for Windows (DfW) Software.There was no statistically significant difference in mandibular bone density between the normal and osteoporotic/osteopenic participants (P >0.05). Mandibular bone density was not statistically different in normal and osteoporotic individuals with SBMD or FBMD T-score -2.5 (P >0.05). Density of the region of interest differed significantly between the normal and the osteoporotic group with SBMD and FBMD T-score -2.5 (P https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/668 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/668/643

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 10 3 2013 05 15 210 20 Zohreh Hedayati Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Maryam Paknahad Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Farbod Zorriasatine Visiting Fellow, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom. 2015 10 16 The facial esthetics after orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery may be affected by the patient's natural head position. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural head position for the three skeletal classes of malocclusion.Our sample consisted of 102 lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients aged 15 to 18 years; class I (n=32), class II (n=40) and class III (n=30). Nine landmarks of the craniofacial skeleton and three landmarks of the cervical vertebrae were determined. Variables consisted of two angles for cervical posture (OPT/Hor and CVT/Hor), three angles for craniofacial posture (SN/Ver, PNS-ANS/Ver, and ML/Ver ) and five for craniofacial angulation (SN/OPT, SN/CVT, PNS-ANS/OPT, PNS-ANS/CVT, ML/CVT). The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and post hoc tests.PNS-ANS/Ver and SN/Ver differed significantly (p https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/666 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/666/641

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 10 3 2013 05 15 221 6 Alireza Nikkerdar Orthodontist, Private Practice, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Intra-oral appliances such as transpalatal arch and Nance appliance fail to resist against forces that tend to loosen the anchorage. The infirmity arises due to the long lever arm and the mesial force that is perpendicular to the long axis of the appliance. The butterfly arch is presented here as an intra-oral appliance that withstands the mesially directed forces with a mechanism that puts strain on a stiff wire along its long axis. The unique shape of the butterfly arch is advantageous in maximum anchorage cases, cases in which arch width preservation is critical and cases with a vertical growth pattern. With the aid of the butterfly arch, clinical concerns such as patient cooperation, wearing extra-oral appliances, complicated mechanics in extraction cases and control of the arch length, arch width and vertical dimension would be greatly diminished. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/664 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/664/639

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 10 3 2013 05 15 227 32 Mehrsa Paryab Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 The efficacy of correctly applied fissure sealants has been revealed in the prevention of caries. Saliva and moisture contamination of the etched enamel surface before sealant placement can decrease the bonding strength of the sealant to the enamel. The aim of this study was to test the new bonding agents containing nano-fillers in order to reduce the negative effect of saliva contamination on the sealant micro leakage.Seventy five sound human premolars were randomly assigned to five equal groups as follows: Group A: etching, sealant; Group B: etching, saliva contamination, sealant; Group C: etching, saliva contamination, Single bond, sealant; Group D: etching, saliva contamination, Adper Single bond 2, sealant; Group E: etching, saliva contamination, N Bond, sealant. The samples were thermo-cycled and immersed in basic fuchsine 0.5% by weight. Then, the teeth were sectioned bucco-lingually and parallel to the long axis into two segments. Finally, the length of dye penetration at the sealant-tooth interface was scored according to a four-point scale.Micro-leakage was higher in group B compared to the other groups, while there were no differences among the evaluated dentin adhesives.The use of nano-filled bonding agents as an intermediate layer between the etched enamel and the sealant can reduce sealant micro-leakage after saliva contamination at the level of the uncontaminated enamel. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/662 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/662/637

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 10 3 2013 05 15 233 9 Firoozeh Nilchian Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Dental Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Ali Sahlabadi The College of Law, Braboeuf Manor, Guildford, UK. Masoomeh Skini Student of Dentistry, Student Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2015 10 16 Certain conditions limit the independence of deprived people. However, those conditions do not limit the right of these people to receive dental care. Portable dental units may make it possible for the deprived and elderly to receive the care they deserve in more areas. This study aimed to explore dentists' perceptions of the use of portable dental units in community outreach programs as a precursor to our quantitative study in the future.Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted by one interviewer, seven dentists, two specialists, and 11 final-year dental students who had experience with portable dental units in Isfahan, Iran. The qualitative research method was chosen first due to the rarity of information readily available about the units and second due to their specialist application; with which only certain members of the dental community have experience.Participants described a range of observations they had made whilst using the portable dental units in different locations. The qualitative data were primarily concerned with the range of ideas the interviewers distinguished as relevant when describing the portable dental units. The predominant view most noted within interviews was that the portable units are very useful for the community outreach programs, with two subcategories of serviceability and access to oral health. Other factors mentioned were the competence of the portable dental unit and the factors affecting each individual patient.Our findings illustrate a number of features that may enhance the reputation of portable dental units, due to their useful nature. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/660 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/660/635

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 10 3 2013 05 15 240 7 Nasrin Esfahanizadeh Associated Professor, Department of Periodontics, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Member of Dental Implant Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Damoun Shahraki Post Graduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran. Hamidreza Daneshparvar Assistant Professor, Legal Medicine Research Center, Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Reza Talaei Pour Professor and Chairman, Department of Radiology, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Ali Saghiri Assistant Professor, Department of Dental material, Member of Craniofacial Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch and Kamal Asgar Research Center (KARC), Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Sheibaninia Assistant Professor, Fellow of Orthosurgery, Department of Orthodontics, Azad University Dental School, Tehran, Iran. Shadab Rashtak Dentist, Dental Implant Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Scienses, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Objective : The aim of this study was to assess the amount of interdental bone in posterior areas of the mandible for placing orthodontic mini-implants to provide and control anchorage in orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods : The amount of interdental bone in areas between the second premolars and first molars, first and second molars on the right and left sides of the mandible were determined in fifty patients by RVG using periapical radiographs. The images were assessed using Cygnus Media Software to determine the mesio-distal width of the interdental bone, starting at the crest of the alveolar bone (2 mm below the CEJ) every one millimeter up to 12 mm from the CEJ. The actual amount of interdental bone and the effect of related factors were assessed using chi-square test at a 95% confidence interval. Results : The minimum desired interdental bone width for placing mini-implants, 3 mm from the CEJ, between the second premolar and first molar and the first and second molars of the mandible on both sides were significantly different (p https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/658 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/658/633

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 10 3 2013 05 15 248 55 Adileh Shirmohammadi Associated Professor, Dental and Periodontal Research center, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Zohreh Babaloo Assistant Professor, Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Amir Eskandari Assistant Professor, Department of Peiodontics, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Reza Purabbas Professor, Department of Peiodontics, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Amirreza Babaloo Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 2015 10 16 One-stage full-mouth disinfection technique (FMD) has been introduced to avoid cross-contamination between the treated and untreated regions between treatment sessions. Considering the role of inflammatory mediators in periodontitis, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of FMD with the quadrant-wise scaling and root planing (Q-SRP) on serum levels of IL-17 and IL-1β in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis.Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis were selected randomly and based on inclusion criteria in each group. In order to evaluate the periodontal status, the clinical parameters of bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD) and modified gingival index (MGI) were measured and recorded before treatment and at 2- and 4-month intervals after treatment. Immunologic parameters of the study such as IL-17 and IL-1β serum levels were determined by special laboratory kits at the same intervals. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15 statistical software. Statistical significance was defined at p0.05). In the evaluation of periodontal parameters, all parameters exhibited clinical improvements in both groups, with no statistically significant differences between the two study groups (p>0.05).Based on the results of the present study it was concluded that both FMD and Q-SRP techniques result in improvements in periodontal indexes and decreases in the serum levels of IL-17 and IL-1β inflammatory mediators. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/656 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/656/631

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 10 3 2013 05 15 256 63 Fariborz Saadat Prosthodontist, Dental Implant Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Ramin Mosharraf Associate Professor, Dental Material Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2015 10 16 Despite the recent developments in peri-implant surgical regenerative procedures, re-establishing the hard and soft tissue contour is still a challenge in cases with severe ridge deficiency. It becomes more difficult when incorrectly placed implants cause screw connections to come out onto the labial surfaces of the teeth. A two-part maxillary implant supported fixed restoration was constructed. The first part was consisted of a screw retained sub-structure that replaced gingival portions of the deficient maxilla and the second part was a cement retained super-structure that reconstructed the anatomical crowns of the lost teeth. In this way awkwardly placed implants did not interfere with the desired esthetic result. Another great advantage was that the alterations or repairs on cemented crowns can easily be carried out without compromising the entire construction. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/655 https://fid.tums.ac. 40 48 Nahid Ramazani Associate Professor, Children and Adolescents Health Research Center, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Seyed Masoud Iranmanesh Dentist, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2016 06 25 Objectives: Instruction of local anesthesia injection in an important part of dental education curricula. This study was performed to compare dental students’ preference with regard to tactile or visual determination of injection site for an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in children. Materials and Methods: This crossover randomized clinical trial was conducted on dental students of Zahedan Dental School who took the first practical course of pediatric dentistry in the first academic semester of 2013-14 (n=42). They were randomly divided into two groups. During the first phase, group I was instructed to find the needle insertion point for an IANB via tactile method and group II was instructed to do it visually. In the second phase, the groups received instructions for the alternate technique. Both instructions were done using live demonstrations by the same instructor and immediately after instruction the learners practiced an IANB using the taught method. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was then filled out by the students. The preference score was determined by calculating the mean of item scores. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon Singed Rank tests in SPSS 19 at P=0.05 level of significance. Results: Thirty-eight students completed the study. By using the visual method to perform an IANB, students gained a significantly higher mean preference score (P=0.020). There was a significant difference in the preference of male students (P=0.008). Conclusions: Instruction of IANB by visual identification of needle insertion point is more desirable by students.  https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1358 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1358/871

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 1 2016 08 15 49 54 Valiollah Arash Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Material Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Fatemeh Keikhaee Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Sayed Mahmood Rabiee Associate Professor, Department of Material Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran Ramazan Rajabnia Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Soraya Khafri Assistant Professor, Department of Social Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Saeid Tavanafar General Dental Practitioner, Private Practice, Shiraz, Iran 2016 06 25 Objectives: White spots and enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets are among the most important complications resulting from orthodontic treatments. Since the antibacterial properties of metals and metallic particles have been well documented, the aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial effect of stainless steel orthodontic brackets coated with silver (Ag) particles. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 standard metal brackets were divided into two groups of 20 cases and 20 controls. The brackets in the case group were coated with Ag particles using an electroplating method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the adequacy of the coating process. In addition, antibacterial tests, i.e., disk diffusion and direct contact tests were performed at three, six, 24and 48 hours, and 15 and 30 days using a Streptococcus mutans strain. The results were analyzed using Student’s t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Conclusions: Brackets coated with Ag, via an electroplating method, exhibited antibacterial properties when placed in direct contact with Streptococcus mutans. This antibacterial effect persisted for 30 days after contact with the bacteria. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1359 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1359/866

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 1 2016 08 15 55 59 Firoozeh Nilchian Nilchian Assistant Professor, Esfahan Dental School, Esfahan Dental Material Research Center, Dental Public Health Department, Esfahan, Iran Leila Ghasemi Dental Student, Esfahan Dental School, Torabinejhad Research Center, Esfahan, Iran 2016 06 25 Objectives: Despite the increasing use of Internet, there is no supervision over the accuracy and quality of the information provided in the web. To deal with this problem, health specialists should take part in planning, publishing and supervision of online health-related information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of information related to pit and fissure sealants in Persian websites. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Persian websites providing information about fissure sealants were found using Google search engine. The searched keywords according to the MeSH database were "patient education" and "fissure sealant". After applying the exclusion criteria, 37 websites out of 500 initial links remained in the study. These websites were evaluated based on a researcher-made checklist. The validity and reliability of the checklist were evaluated and confirmed. Descriptive analysis was applied to report the results of our study using SPSS version 11.5. Results: The average score for the quality of information was 22.46 out of 38. The minimum scores were 16 and 30 and belonged to Pezeshkanemrooz.com and Asa85.blogfa.com, respectively. The results showed that 62.2% of the answers were scored 2-4 and 37.8% were scored 1; therefore, the overall quality of the published content was rated to be moderate for 62.2% and low for 37.8% of the websites. Conclusions: Overall, the quality of information related to fissure sealant provided in Persian websites was good; however, the information given was mostly incomplete and could be improved. The main problems were doubtful credibility and outdated information. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1360 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1360/867

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 1 2016 08 15 60 67 Sara Ghadimi Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Heidari Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Sarlak Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran