Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 3 2012 09 15 178 87 M S Ahmad Akhoundi Associate Professor, Dental Research Center, Orthodontic Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. G Shirani M Arshad H Heidar A Sodagar 2015 10 16 Accurate prediction of the surgical outcome is important in treating dentofacial deformities. Visualized treatment objectives usually involve manual surgical simulation based on tracing of cephalometric radiographs. Recent technical advancements have led to the use of computer assisted imaging systems in treatment planning for orthognathic surgical cases. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the ability and reliability of digitization using Dolphin Imaging Software with traditional manual techniques and to compare orthognathic prediction with actual outcomes.Forty patients consisting of 35 women and 5 men (32 class III and 8 class II) with no previous surgery were evaluated by manual tracing and indirect digitization using Dolphin Imaging Software. Reliability of each method was assessed then the two techniques were compared using paired t test.The nasal tip presented the least predicted error and higher reliability. The least accurate regions in vertical plane were subnasal and upper lip, and subnasal and pogonion in horizontal plane. There were no statistically significant differences between the predictions of groups with and without genioplasty.Computer-generated image prediction was suitable for patient education and communication. However, efforts are still needed to improve accuracy and reliability of the prediction program and to include changes in soft tissue tension and muscle strain. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/764 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/764/739

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 3 2012 09 15 188 94 F Farid Dental Research Center and Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. H Hajimiragha R Jelodar A S Mostafavi H Nokhbatolfoghahaie 2015 10 16 To evaluate the influence of core thickness and fabrication stages on the marginal accuracy of IPS e.max Press crowns.Twenty IPS e.max Press crowns, 1.5mm thick, were fabricated on metal dies. The crowns had two different core thicknesses, 0.8mm for group A and 1mm for group B, ten for each group. Marginal gap was measured after each stage of core fabrication, veneering and glaze firing. The specimens were not cemented and the measurements were made at four points on metal dies using a stereomicroscope (×120). Data were analyzed by SPSS software and independent t-test.Mean marginal gaps measured after each stage for group A were 13.5 (±1.4) μm, 33.9 (±2.3) μm and 40.5(±1.7) μm, and for group B these figures were 14.9(±2.0) μm, 35.5(±2.2) μm and 41.3(±2.0) μm. There were no statistically significant differences in marginal gap values between the two groups (p>0.1). Significant increase in gap was observed after the veneering stage in both groups (p https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/762 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/762/737

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 3 2012 09 15 195 206 N A Chrysanthakopoulos Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece. 2015 10 16 The aim of the present study was to examine the periodontal condition of an adult population in three isolated regions in Greece and to determine the association of periodontal disease with several demographic, behavioral and environmental factors.The study population consisted of 640 individuals, aged 20 to 69 years from three isolated regions. The following indices were assessed: Pocket Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Dental Plaque, Calculus and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). Statistical analysis was accomplished by multiple linear regression model which was used to assess the association between the mean clinical attachment loss and clinical, demographic and behavioral parameters.The samples of the study showed high levels of dental plaque, dental calculus and BOP. The final multivariate model showed that age (p=0.000), gender (p=0.016) and presence of calculus (p=0.000) were associated with the mean clinical attachment loss. Age (p=0.000), gender (p=0.000) and dental plaque (p=0.027) were associated with gingival recession, while age (p=0.018) and gender (p=0.000) were associated with probing depth. Bleeding on probing, dental plaque, toothbrush frequency, level of education, tobacco consumption and reasons for dental visits were not associated with the mean clinical attachment loss.Periodontal disease consists of a complicated destructive condition of the Periodontal tissue with a. multi-factorial etiology. Oral hygiene instructions and a regular dental follow-up could play a significant role in the prevention of periodontal disease. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/760 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/760/735

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 3 2012 09 15 207 14 P Subramaniam Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India. G Babu Kl J Nagarathna 2015 10 16 There are various risk factors which play an essential role in the multifactorial disease "dental caries." Although absence of interdental spaces in the primary dentition may increase the risk of dental caries, not many studies have been carried out to assess this correlation. This study was performed to assess the relationship between interdental spacing and dental caries in primary dentition.Five hundred 4-6 year-old children were enrolled into this study. Dental caries was recorded using the criteria given by Warren et al. Following this, impressions were made for the upper and lower arches and dental casts were poured. Interdental spaces were measured on the dental casts using a digital verniercaliper. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.The number of sites with interdental spaces was higher in the maxillary arch in comparison to the mandibular arch. The highest number of interdental spaces was observed between the maxillary anteriors. The number of demineralized, but non-cavitated tooth surfaces (d(1))were higher than the number of cavitated tooth surfaces. This difference was significant in the mandibular anterior segment. Dental caries showed a negative correlation with interdental spacing. A significant correlation was found between dental caries and interdental spacing in the posterior segment of the mandibular arch.This study showed that children with no interdental spacing in the primary dentition are at higher risk for dental caries. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/758 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/758/733

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 3 2012 09 15 215 20 M Ghandehari Associate Professor Department of Pediatric, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. G Mighani S Shahabi N Chiniforush Z Shirmohammadi 2015 10 16 One of the main criteria in evaluating the restorative materials is the degree of microleakage. The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of glass ionomer restored cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser or turbine and bur.Twenty extracted caries-free deciduous posterior teeth were selected for this study. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups for cavity preparation. Cavities in group one were prepared by high speed turbine and bur. In the second group, Er:YAG laser with a 3W output power, 300 mJ energy and 10 Hz frequency was used. Cavities were restored with GC Fuji II LC. After thermocycling, the samples were immersed into 0.5% methylene blue solution. They were sectioned for examination under optic microscope.The Wilcoxon signed ranks test showed no significant difference between microleakage of the laser group and the conventional group (P>0.05).Er:YAG laser with its advantages in pediatric dentistry may be suggested as an alternative device for cavity preparation. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/756 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/756/731

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 3 2012 09 15 221 9 B Seraj Associate Professor, Dental Research Center and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. M Shahrabi M Shadfar R Ahmadi M Fallahzadeh H Farrokh Eslamlu M J Kharazifard 2015 10 16 Prolonged excessive intake of fluoride during child's growth and development stages has been associated with mental and physical problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of excessive fluoride intake on the intelligence quotient (IQ) of children living in five rural areas in Makoo/Iran.In this cross-sectional study, 293 children aged 6-11 years were selected from five villages in Makoo with normal fluoride (0.8±0.3 ppm), medium fluoride (3.1±0.9 ppm) and high fluoride (5.2±1.1 ppm) in their water supplies. The IQ of each child was measured by the Raven's test. Educational and residential information and the medical history of each child was recorded by a questionnaire completed by the parents. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test with a significance level of 0.05.The mean IQ scores decreased from 97.77±18.91 for the normal fluoride group to 89.03±12.99 for the medium fluoride group and to 88.58±16.01 for the high fluoride group (P=0.001).Children residing in areas with higher than normal water fluoride levels demonstrated more impaired development of intelligence. Thus, children's intelligence may be affected by high water fluoride levels. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/754 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/754/729

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 3 2012 09 15 230 6 Z Mohammadi Associate Professor and Head, Department of Endodontics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran ; Iranian Center for Endodontic Research (ICER), Tehran, Iran. L Giardino F Palazzi S Shalavi 2015 10 16 The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro effect of ascorbic acid on the antibacterial substantivity of Tetraclean in bovine root dentin pretreated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).Eighty dentin tubes prepared from bovine incisor teeth were infected with Enterococcus faecalis for 14 days. The specimens were divided into five groups as follows: Tetraclean; 5.25% NaOCl/Tetraclean; 5.25% NaOCl/ascorbic acid/Tetraclean; infected dentin tubes (positive control); and sterile dentin tubes (negative control). At experimental times of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, dentin chips were removed from the canals by sequential sterile low-speed round burs with increasing diameters of 025, 027, 029, 031 and 033 ISO sizes, respectively. After culturing, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted.In all experimental groups, the number of CFU was minimum in the first cultures and the results obtained were significantly different at any time period (p < 0.05). The Tetraclean group showed the most effective antibacterial action at all five experimental periods (p < 0.05). NaOCl/Tetraclean group showed the least antibacterial activity at all time periods. The NaOCl/ascorbic acid/Tetraclean group showed similar antibacterial substantivity to the Tetraclean group at all time periods (p> 0.05).Ascorbic acid prevents the decrease of residual antibacterial activity of Tetraclean in dentin samples pretreated with NaOCl. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/752 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/752/727

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 3 2012 09 15 237 46 N Esfahanizadeh Associated Professor, Department of Periodontics, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran, Member of dental implant research center, Tehran university of medical sciences. A R Rokn M Paknejad P Motahari H Daneshparvar Ar Shamshiri 2015 10 16 The aim of this study was to compare the lateral window and osteotome techniques for sinus lifting using histological and histomorphometric methods.In this clinical trial 10 patients (a total number of 14 sinus areas) who needed implant treatment in the atrophic posterior maxilla were enrolled. In all the cases the residual bone height between the sinus floor and the alveolar crest was less than 5 mm. Sinus augmentation was performed. The treatment modality for a given residual bone height was selected randomly and Bio-Oss was applied in all the cases as the graft material. After a healing period of about 10 months, in all the cases, the implants were placed and biopsies of alveolar crestal bone were obtained at the same time; biopsy specimens were evaluated using histological and histomorphometric methods. Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare distribution of variables in the two groups. Statih> 16 Despite the current use of radiography for quantifying sagittal skeletal measurements, it is an unsuitable way for screening or epidemiologic purposes. Although not fully approved, anthropometric measurements have been suggested as a substitute, and considering displacement of soft tissues, could possibly lead to more consistent results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of anthropometric anteroposterior facial measurements under soft tissue compression using a special ruler.Anthropometric measurements were done with a specifically designed sliding ruler twice on 36 adult patients with a 14 day lag between two measurements. The ruler measured the distance between the external acoustic meatus and the nasion (Na), subnasal (Sn) point and the soft tissue pogonion (Pog). The soft tissue was displaced during measurements only to the extent that the underlying hard tissue resistance was felt subjectively by each assessor. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated for both inter- and intra- rater measurements using SPSS software.All measurements had inter- and intrarater agreements above 0.9, with only a few parameters having lower bound confidence intervals below 0.9, but more than 0.8.Sagittal facial anthropometric measurements under soft tissue displacement using the specific ruler are valid and reliable and could possibly aid orthodontists in chairside craniofacial assessments. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/678 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/678/653

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 10 2 2013 03 15 169 74 Beheshteh Malekafzali Associate professor, Department of Pedodontics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science Dental School, Tehran, Iran. Amir Ghasemi Hassan Torabzadeh Reza Hamedani Nekoo Tadayon 2015 10 16 Multiple adhesive coating is a controversial topic, especially in primary dentition that should be clarified. We evaluated the effect of multiple consecutive adhesive resin coatings on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of composite resin to primary tooth dentin utilizing a filled (Adper Single Bond Plus) and an unfilled (Adper Single Bond) adhesive resin.Thirty extracted primary canines were randomly allocated into two groups based on the adhesive used. Dentin occlusal surfaces were exposed and further polished on 400, 600 and 800-grit silicon-carbide paper. The surfaces were divided into two halves in the labial-lingual orientation. After etching, the adhesives were used either in double coats, or four coats on the halves of the same tooth followed by air evaporation for each layer and finally light curing. Cylinders of composite were bonded to the dentin surfaces. After 24 h shear bond testing was evaluated by Bisco tensile tester. ANOVA, Student t test and paired t test were used for statistical analysis.The mean (standard deviation) for double coats or four coats in single bond were 31.99 (2.94) and 30.25 (2.69), while they were 29.18 (3.35) and 31.26 (2.07) in single bond plus, respectively. No significant differences were found between the double coated specimens and those receiving four coatings with both adhesives (p>0.05). Micro SBS values of Single Bond double coated specimens were significantly higher than Single Bond Plus (p=0.02). In four-coated specimens, there were no significant differences between Single Bond and Single Bond Plus (p=0.26).Applying four coats of adhesive did not improve the μSBS to primary tooth dentin. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/676 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/676/651

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 10 2 2013 03 15 175 85 Abdollah Ghorbanzadeh Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Soran Aminifar Leila Shadan Hamed Ghanati 2015 10 16 To compare three various methods in the diagnosis of dentinal cracks formed in the apical third after root resection.One hundred extracted human maxillary central incisors were selected. The root canals were prepared with step-back technique. Then 3mm from the apical end of all roots was cut perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth. The apical end of each root was evaluated to make sure there were no cracks. Fifty specimens were randomly chosen and connected to an apparatus especially designed for application of force (50-60N) by a universal testing machine for crack formation. The cracked (no=50) and non-cracked (no=50) specimens were examined by three methods of fiber optic transillumination, methylene blue staining and combination of the two. Sensitivity and specificity of the methods were evaluated. The most suitable method for detecting cracks was determined using Youden index. To compare agreement between studied methods with the gold standard, kappa statistics and odds ratio of McNemar were utilized.The sensitivity of transillumination, staining and the combination method were 82.0, 50.0 and 90.0%, respectively. The staining technique had the lowest sensitivity and the highest specificity. Both transillumination and the combination method had Youden index of 0.56, but the combination method diagnosed truly cracked samples more than the other techniques.The efficacy of transillumination in identification of apical root-end cracks undetectable by unaided vision was similar to the combination method. However, the efficacy of 2% methylene blue without transillumination was significantly lower than the other two methodologies. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/674 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/674/649

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 10 2 2013 03 15 186 96 Mandana Naseri Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics,Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Kangarlou Haghighi Mohammad Javad Kharazifard Atefeh