Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 2 2012 06 15 83 9 M Rashidpour Researcher, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. M S Ahmad Akhoundi T Hosseinzadeh Nik Ar Dehpour M Alaeddini E Javadi H Noroozi 2015 10 16 Tramadol is a synthetic analgesic of opioids which has more flexible mechanisms of action than typical opioids. Since it has been reported in previous study that typical opioids like morphine can affect the bone homeostasis, it is worthwhile to examine the effects of tramadol on tooth movement. In this study we investigated effects of tramadol on orthodontic tooth movement in rats.30 male wistar rats were selected and received orthodontic appliance. 3 groups were designed based on the substance that they received daily injections of during a 2-week orthodontic treatment. 1. Control group with no injection.2.Control group with normal saline injection.3. the tramadol group. After the two-week treatment period the amount of tooth movement were measured in all the groups. Also the histological analysis was performed assessing the root resorption, osteoclasts numbers and bone resorption.The amount of tooth movement was not significantl in the tramadol group comparing to the other groups (P>0.05).The results of 3 histological parameters (amount of root resorption, osteoclastic numbers and bone resorption) were statistically insignificant (P>0.05).Tramadol as an atypical opioid does not interfere with the process of bone remodeling and tooth movement in rat. Tramadol does not affect osteoclastic activity and bone resorption and it does not cause to change the resulted root resorption either. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/780 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/780/755

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 2 2012 06 15 90 8 A Geramy Professor, Department of Orthodontic, Dental Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Professor, Department of Orthodontic, Dental Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. J M Retrouvey F Sobuti H Salehi 2015 10 16 Retention after orthodontic treatment is still an important part of the treatment. Splints are considered as an alternative for removable retainers. The main goal of this study was to assess splinting biomechanically.Three dimensional finite element models (3D) were designed of a mandibular anterior segment which included six anterior teeth with their supporting tissues (model 1 as control) and with a bonded lingual fixed retainer in the two other models. The wire cross section was round (0.016") in model 2 and rectangular (0.016" × 0.022") in model 3. The models were designed in Solid Works 2006 and analyzed in ANSYS Workbench Ver. 11.0 SolidWorks Incisors were loaded with a vertical force of 187 N. PDL stress and tooth displacements were evaluated.The numeric findings showed an increase after splinting in the central incisors [2.42 MPa to 4.57 MPa (round) and 16.66 (rectangular) MPa] in biting with four incisors. Biting with two incisors decreased the stress after splinting [2.42 MPa to 1.7 MPa (round wire) and 1.77 MPa (rectangular wire)]. In lateral movement, all teeth showed an increased stress except for the working side canine.Splinted cases (with round or rectangular wires) can benefit from stress redistribution when biting small food particles and in lateral movement. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/779 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/779/754

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 2 2012 06 15 99 106 S Kasraie Associate Professor, Dental Research Center, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. M Azarsina Z Khamverdi F Shokraneh 2015 10 16 Microleakage is a major factor affecting longevity of composite restorations. This study evaluated the effect of polymerization mode of bonding agent on microleakage of composite restorations.Forty-eight Class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of 24 extracted human premolars. Occlusal and gingival margins were placed in the enamel and dentin, respectively. Teeth were divided into four groups as follows: Group I: Optibond Solo Plus (light-cured); Group II: Optibond Solo Plus (dual-cured); Group III: Prime & Bond NT (light-cured), Group IV: Prime & Bond NT (dual-cured). Teeth were restored using Z250 composite in three increments. After polishing the restorations, samples were thermocycled for 1000 cycles and stored in distilled water for 3 months. Then they were placed in 2% fuchsine solution for 48 hours. The samples were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated for microleakage under a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification. Dye penetration was scored on a 0-3 ordinal scale. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni and Wilcoxon signed ranks test.Microleakage was significantly lower in enamel margins compared to dentin margins (P0.05). Prime & Bond NT had less microleakage compared to Optibond SoloPlus, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05).There was no difference in the amount of microleakage in Class V composite restorations using light-cured and dual-cured bonding systems. Dentinal margins of restorations exhibited more microleakage than enamel margins. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/778 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/778/753

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 2 2012 06 15 107 15 A Jafari Assistant Professor, Department of Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sz Mohebbi Mr Khami M Shakur Shahabi M Naseh F Elhami Ar Shamshiri 2015 10 16 Radiographic evaluation of the third molar tooth to determine its position and degree of development is an important part in diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as in forensic dentistry procedures. The objective was to investigate the developmental stages of third molars in relation to chronologic age, gender and location (maxillary/mandibular) in an Iranian population.The data were collected in departments of pediatric dentistry and orthodontics, Tehran Faculty of Dentistry and four private offices. Three calibrated observers visited the centers to examine panoramic radiographs and corresponded patients documents in each age cohort in the range of 5- to-25-years old. Data were analyzed by Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) in the linear mode and exchangeable correlation structure. The significance level was defined as 0.05.The mean age of emerging third molars' follicle was 9.29±1.65 years. Early calcification was seen at the mean age of 10.28±1.66 years. The GEE model controlling for age, gender and tooth location (maxillary/mandibular) revealed that besides age (β=0.43, p https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/777 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/777/752

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 2 2012 06 15 116 27 A Khorsand Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A A R Rasouli Ghahroudi P Motahhari M Rezaei Rad Y Soleimani Shayesteh 2015 10 16 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Accell Connexus(®) on the quality and rate of healing in experimental defects of rabbit calvarium compared to Bio-Oss®.Twelve 2.5-3.5 kg weighing New Zealand white rabbits were used. Three defects (3×6 mm) were created in the cranium of the animals subsequently filled with Accell Connexus(®), Bio-Oss® or served as controls. The animals were sacrificed four, six and eight weeks postoperatively and the histology blocks were studied in terms of inflammation, trabeculation thickness, bone type regeneration, foreign body and remained biomaterial by light microscope. The data were subject to Mann-Whitney U test.Increased inflammatory reaction, foreign body reaction, delayed bone formation and lower rate of ossification were observed in DBM-filled defects compared to Bio-Oss® or controls. However, no significant differences were observed in bone formation between Bio-Oss®, Accell Connexus(®) and control specimens in the three time intervals. Furthermore, no significant differences were noted between Bio-Oss® and control groups.Accell Connexus(®) showeda lower rate of ossification and bone healing compared to Bio-Oss® or controlgroups. Other studies in this field seem necessary. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/776 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/776/751

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 2 2012 06 15 128 34 H Afshar Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A Jafari M R Khami S Razeghi 2015 10 16 This study addresses the question of whether conservative methods of restoration may be applied efficaciously in permanent posterior teeth with proximal lesions and intact occlusal preventive resin restoration (PRR). The purpose of the present study was to assess the microleakage at amalgam-composite interface and composite-composite interface in permanent tooth with PRR.Thirty-five premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were selected. The occlusal surfaces were sealed as preventive resin restoration. Then the teeth were stored in incubator for 6 months. After this period, two single boxes were prepared in mesial and distal surfaces in each tooth and filled with amalgam. Another class I composite restoration was prepared in occlusal surface in contact with the first PRR. Then samples were thermocycled and marginal leakage was assessed by the degree of dye penetration on sections of the restored teeth. Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests served for statistical analyses.In 51.4% of amalgam-composite interfaces the dye reached the pulpal wall. The corresponded figures for amalgam-tooth and composite-composite interfaces were 31.4% and 14.3%, respectively. The differences in microleakage among the three interfaces were statistically significant (P https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/775 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/775/750

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 2 2012 06 15 135 44 M Jain Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Peoples Dental Academy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. L S Kaira G Sikka Sk Singh A Gupta R Sharma L Sawla A Mathur 2015 10 16 Age and tooth loss are expected to have a complex relationship with oral health-related quality of life. So the purpose of this study was to explain the impact of age and tooth loss on oral health-related quality of life using the short form 14-item oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) among two population samples of Gujarat and Rajasthan.A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 1441 subjects collected from two major cities of Gujarat and Rajasthan. Both questionnaire approaches using OHIP-14 scale and clinical examination were conducted in accordance with WHO criteria using type III procedure on the same day. Chi square test, ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression analysis were applied using SPSS software version 15.0.With the increase of age, OHIP mean score in both states increased, but that among Rajasthan state was higher, depicting poor oral health. Whereas, in the remaining 23-27 number of teeth both states showed higher OHIP mean, however again the score was much higher among Rajasthan subjects showing worse oral hygiene. Hence, overall all mean OHIP score for Gujarat was lower indicating good oral health; whereas, that among Rajasthan was higher indicating poor oral health-related quality of life.Both age and tooth loss are associated with each other, but they have an independent effect on the oral health-related quality of life. Thus, all studied populations with complete natural dentition showed good oral health-related quality of life. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/774 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/774/749

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 9 2 2012 06 15 145 9 M Omid Khoda Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad, Iran. F Heravi H Shafaee Mohadese Yazdanpanah Bahabadi Assistant Professor, Department of the Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Ali Bijani Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Morteza Rahimi Rad Periodontist, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 2016 10 22 Objectives: Gingival recession can lead to root exposure and discomfort for patients. There are various techniques for root coverage. The aim of this study was to compare the use of gingival unit graft (palatal graft including the marginal gingiva and papillae) with free gingival graft for treatment of localized gingival recession. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 18 bilateral localized recessions of Miller class I and II were treated in nine systemically healthy patients. Recessions were randomly treated with gingival unit graft in one side and conventional free gingival graft in the other side. Clinical parameters including clinical attachment level, keratinized tissue width, probing depth and vertical recession depth (VRD) were recorded at baseline and at one, three and six months after surgery. The healing index and patient satisfaction were also evaluated. One-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-test were used for statistical analyses. Results: Both techniques caused significant improvement in clinical parameters. Gingival unit graft produced higher satisfaction esthetically (P=0.050, 0.024 and 0.024, respectively at the three time points), higher healing index (P<0.001), higher root coverage percentage at one month after surgery (34.04%, P=0.011) and greater reduction of recession width three months after surgery (P=0.007) but the reduction in VRD at this side was not significantly greater. Conclusions: Gingival unit graft might be an acceptable modality in Miller Class I/II recession defects. This technique may have advantages over free gingival graft such as significantly superior clinical and esthetic results.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1593 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1593/907

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 3 2016 12 31 193 198 EN Sareh Habibzadeh Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, International Campus Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shima Safaeian Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, International Campus Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Marjan Behruzibakhsh Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Material , School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parisa Kaviyani Under Graduate Student, International Campus, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohamadjavad Kharazifard Statistical Advisor, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 11 30 2016 04 18 Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of storage time and temperature on dimensional stability of impressions made with Cavex Outline zinc oxide impression paste. Materials and Methods: A round stainless steel mold with five grooves (three horizontal and two vertical) was used in this in-vitro experimental study. Cavex Outline impression paste was prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions and applied to the mold. The mold was placed on a block and stored at 35°C and 100% humidity for setting. The impressions were poured with stone immediately and also after 30, 120, 240 and 420 minutes and 24 hours. The distance between the vertical lines on the casts was measured and compared with that in the immediately poured cast. Results: Storage in a refrigerator and at room temperature for zero to seven hours had no significant effect on dimensional stability of the impressions; however, 24 hours of storage in a refrigerator or at room temperature decreased the dimensional stability of Cavex Outline (P=0.001). Also, a significant association was found between dimensional changes following 24 hours of storage in a refrigerator (4°C) and at room temperature (23°C; P<0.01). Conclusions: The optimal pouring time of Cavex Outline impressions with stone is between zero to seven hours, and 24 hours of storage significantly decreases the dimensional stability.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/922 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/922/885

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 3 2016 12 31 199 206 Tahereh Hosseinzadeh-Nik Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Armin Eftekhari Dental Student, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Atefe Saffar Shahroudi Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoram-abad, Iran Mahammad Javad Kharrazifard Epidemiologist, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 10 22 Objectives: This study was designed to assess the changes of the mandible of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with or without extraction of four premolars. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Class I bimaxillary protrusion patients treated with extraction of four first premolars and retraction of anterior teeth and 18 Class I non-extraction patients with a mean age of 16.38±0.4 years were selected. Cephalometric analysis was performed before and after treatment. Twenty-four variables for analyzing the hard and soft tissues of the mandible were compared between the two groups. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for the comparison of the two groups fallowed by paired t-test. The relationship between the soft and hard tissue variables was studied using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: In both groups, the mean value of angular measurements related to B point and Pogonion (Pog) decreased with treatment (P<0.05). Similarly, the symphysis depth of soft tissue decreased (P=0.008). The mean angular value of Y-axis increased in both groups after treatment (P=0.007). The mean changes in hard tissue symphysis depth after treatment were different in the two groups (P=0.021). Vertical, horizontal and rotational changes in soft tissue B point (B’) and Pogonion (pog’) followed their underlying hard tissue changes (P<0.05).  Conclusions: Points B and Pog showed backward movement after orthodontic treatments in both extraction and non-extraction patients. Changes in B’ and Pog’ were directly influenced by the changes in the corresponding points of the underlying hard tissue. Orthodontic treatments with and without extraction of premolars produced insignificant changes in vertical facial dimension. Keywords: Chin; Tooth Extraction; Mandible https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1594 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1594/886

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 3 2016 12 31 207 214 EN Shahram Mosharrafian Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zeynab Sharifi Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 05 22 2016 07 13 Objectives: This study sought to compare the push-out bond strength of two bulk-fill and one conventional composite to intracanal dentin in primary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental study was conducted on 39 primary anterior teeth, which were randomly divided into three groups. After cleaning and shaping, the root canals were filled with Metapex in such a way that after the application of 1mm light-cure liner on top of it, the coronal 3mm of the canal remained empty for composite post space. Z250 conventional composite was used in group 1 and SonicFill and Filtek bulk-fill composites along with Single Bond 2 were used in groups 2 and 3, respectively. The samples were subjected to thermocycling. One-millimeter thick sections were made of t