Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 2 2016 10 10 73 76 EN Maryam Sadeghipour Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU). Peyman Shariatpanahi Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran. Arezoo Ebn Ahmady Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU). Mohammad Hossein Khoshnevisan Preventive Dentistry Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU). 2016 04 22 2016 07 14 --- https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1200 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1200/872

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 2 2016 10 10 133 138 EN Najmeh Akhlaghi Dental Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Ali-Reza Eshghi Dental Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Mehrnaz Mohamadpour Dental Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2016 05 22 2016 05 25 Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) is a hereditary dentin defect caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in dentin sialophosphoprotein gene. Defective dentin development results in discolored teeth that are prone to wear and fracture. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are necessary to achieve better functional and esthetic results and minimize nutritional deficiencies and psychosocial distress. In order to prevent excessive loss of tooth structure, placement of stainless steel crowns (SSCs) on deciduous and young permanent posterior teeth is recommended as soon as such teeth erupt. This clinical report presents the clinical manifestations and management of a 3.5-year-old child diagnosed with DI type II. Keywords: Dentin; Dentinogenesis Imperfecta; Tooth, Deciduous https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1251 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1251/879

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 2 2016 10 10 77 84 EN Shirin Sakhdari Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Reza Talaeipour Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Maziar Talaeipour Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran Maryam Pazhutan Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, Tehran, Iran Sanaz Heidarkhan Tehrani Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Kharazifard Statistical Advisor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 11 18 2016 04 20 Objectives: This study sought to assess the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with different voxel sizes and intraoral digital radiography with photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate for detection of periapical (PA) bone lesions. Materials and Methods: In this ex vivo diagnostic study, one-millimeter defects were created in the alveolar sockets of 15 bone blocks, each with two posterior teeth. A no-defect control group was also included. Digital PA radiographs with PSP plates and CBCT scans with 200, 250 and 300μ voxel sizes were obtained. Four observers evaluated the possibility of lesion detection using a 5-point scale. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predicative value (NPV) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane’s post hoc test. Kappa and weighted kappa statistics were applied to assess intraobserver and interobserver agreements. Results: Cochrane Q test showed no significant difference between PSP and CBCT imaging modalities in terms of kappa and weighted kappa statistics (P=0.675). The complete sensitivity and complete NPV for 200 and 250 μ voxel sizes were higher than those of 300 μ voxel size and digital radiography (P<0.001). No significant difference was noted in other parameters among other imaging modalities (P=0.403). Conclusions: The results showed that high-resolution CBCT scans had higher diagnostic accuracy than PSP digital radiography for detection of artificially created PA bone lesions. Voxel size (field of view) must be taken into account to minimize patient radiation dose.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/877 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/877/873

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 2 2016 10 10 139 142 EN Rajeev Pandey Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India Rajat Gupta Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India Nitin Bhagat Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India Aviral Verma Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India 2016 07 13 2016 08 21 Median cleft is the midline cleft of the lip. It develops due to incomplete or failed fusion of the median nasal prominence. It can present with minimal deformities such as involvement of the vermilion border, or complex clefting of the midline structures and brain. Median clefts are broadly classified as true and false clefts. This case report describes a rare case of median cleft of the upper lip involving the white roll, which was not associated with any other deformities. Treatment included reconstruction of the philtrum and the cupid’s bow while maintaining vermilion fullness and continuity, and minimizing scar formation. Various techniques have been advocated for treatment of this type of median upper lip cleft. Here we describe a technique using Pfeifer incision to correct our patient’s defect. Pfeifer incision consists of wavy lines and its use has been advocated for correction of various craniofacial abnormalities. Keywords: Median Cleft Lip; Hypertelorism; Craniofacial Abnormalities https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1396 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1396/880

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 2 2016 10 10 85 91 EN Aida Saffarpour Assistant professor ,DDS,MS. Operative dentistry department , dental faculty, Tehran university of medical sciences(international campus), mahan blv.,khani abad no,Tehran ,Iran Maryam Ghavam Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Anna Saffarpour Assistant Professor, Periodontics Department, Dental Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran Rozita Dayani Dentist, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Kharazi Fard Epidemiologist, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 11 22 2016 06 03 Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare the perception of laypersons and dental professionals of smile esthetics based on two factors namely gingival display and alignment of teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 females were randomly selected among dental students in the International Campus of School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran) with no previous history of esthetic dental work. Frontal photographs were obtained and cropped from the subnasal to menton areas of subjects to standardize the size of pictures. Three series of slides were prepared of the pictures using Microsoft PowerPoint software. The first series of slides were shown to familiarize the observers with the images. The second and third series were displayed for the observers and they were then asked to fill out a questionnaire. The group of observers included 10 dental specialists and 10 laypersons. Each observer was given a visual analog scale (VAS) chart for scoring (1-10). After completion of the questionnaires, data were transferred to a computer and the differences in judgments of professionals and laypeople were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. Results: No significant difference was found in the judgments of professionals and laypeople on evaluating overall smile esthetics, gingival display and alignment of teeth except for the slide showing a reverse smile arc. Conclusions: Laypeople and professionals had similar perceptions of smile esthetics. Thus, it appears that clinicians can rely on the judgment of laypersons in esthetic dental treatments. Keywords: Smiling; Perception; Esthetics, Dental https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/885 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/885/874

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 2 2016 10 10 92 100 EN Mehdi Shirinzad Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Loghman Rezaei-Soufi Associate Professor, Dental Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Maryam Sadat Mirtorabi Specialist in Operative Dentistry, Gorgan, Iran Farshid Vahatinia Student of Dentistry , Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2015 12 04 2016 07 10 Objectives: Composite restorations must have tooth-like optical properties namely color and translucency and maintain them for a long time. This study aimed to compare the effect of accelerated artificial aging (AAA) on the translucency of three methacrylate-based composites (Filtek Z250, Filtek Z250XT and Filtek Z350XT) and one silorane-based composite resin (Filtek P90). Materials and Methods: For this in vitro study, 56 composite discs were fabricated (n=14 for each group). Using scanning spectrophotometer, CIE L*a*b* parameters and translucency of each specimen were measured at 24 hours and after AAA for 384 hours. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test and paired t-test at P=0.05 level of significance. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) translucency parameter for Filtek Z250, Filtek Z250XT, Filtek Z350XT and Filtek P90 was 5.67±0.64, 4.59±0.77, 7.87±0.82 and 4.21±0.71 before AAA and 4.25±0.615, 3.53±0.73, 5.94±0.57 and 4.12±0.54 after AAA, respectively. After aging, the translucency of methacrylate-based composites decreased significantly (P<0.05). However, the translucency of Filtek P90 did not change significantly (P>0.05). Conclusions: The AAA significantly decreased the translucency of methacrylate-based composites (Filtek Z250, Filtek Z250XT and Filtek Z350XT) but no change occurred in the translucency of Filtek P90 silorane-based composite. Keywords: Composite Resins; Silorane Resins; Methacrylates https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/932 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/932/881

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 2 2016 10 10 101 107 EN Masoud Fallahinejad Ghajari Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ghasem Ansari Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Leila Hasanbeygi Resident of Pediatric Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Shahnaz Shayeghi Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 31 2016 03 10 Objectives: Midazolam with variable dosages has been used to induce sedation in pediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two dosages of oral midazolam for conscious sedation of children undergoing dental treatment. Materials and Methods: In this randomized crossover double blind clinical trial, 20 healthy children (ASA I) aged three to six years with negative or definitely negative Frankl behavioral rating scale were evaluated. Half of the children received 0.5mg/kg oral midazolam plus 1mg/kg hydroxyzine (A) orally in the first session and 0.3mg/kg oral midazolam plus 1mg/kg hydroxyzine (B) in the next session. The other half received the drugs on a reverse order. Sedation degree by Houpt sedation rating scale, heart rate and level of SpO2 were assessed at the beginning and after 15 and 30 minutes. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19 and Wilcoxon Signed Rank and McNemar’s tests. Results: The results showed that although administration of 0.5mg/kg oral midazolam was slightly superior to 0.3mg/kg oral midazolam in terms of sedation efficacy, the differences were not significant (P>0.05). The difference in treatment success was not significant either (P>0.05). Heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory rate were within the normal range and did not show a significant change (P>0.05). Conclusions: The overall success rate of the two drug combinations namely 0.5mg/kg oral midazolam plus hydroxyzine and 0.3mg/kg oral midazolam plus hydroxyzine was not significantly different for management of pediatric patients. Keywords: Conscious Sedation; Pediatric Dentistry; Midazolam; Hydroxyzine https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/826 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/826/875

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 2 2016 10 10 108 115 Masoud Varshowsaz Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, Tehran, Iran Sepideh Goorang Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, Tehran, Iran Sara Ehsani Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, Tehran, Iran Zeynab Azizi Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Dental School, Tehran, Iran Sepideh Rahimian Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Dental School, Tehran, Iran 2016 09 25 2016 09 25 Objectives: Bone quality and quantity assessment is one of the most important steps in implant treatment planning. Different methods such as computed tomography (CT) and recently suggested cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with lower radiation dose and less time and cost are used for bone density assessment. This in vitro study aimed to compare the tissue density values in Hounsfield units (HUs) in CBCT and CT scans of different tissue phantoms with two different thicknesses, two different image acquisition settings and in three locations in the phantoms. Materials and Methods: Four different tissue phantoms namely hard tissue, soft tissue, air and water were scanned by three different CBCT and a CT system in two thicknesses (full and half) and two image acquisition settings (high and low kVp and mA). The images were analyzed at three sites (middle, periphery and intermediate) using eFilm software. The difference in density values was analyzed by ANOVA and correction coefficient test (P<0.05). Results: There was a significant difference between density values in CBCT and CT scans in most situations, and CBCT values were not similar to CT values in any of the phantoms in different thicknesses and acquisition parameters or the three different sites. The correction coefficients confirmed the results. Conclusions: CBCT is not reliable for tissue density assessment. The results were not affected by changes in thickness, acquisition parameters or locations. Keywords: Bone Density; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1556 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1556/876

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 2 2016 10 10 116 125 EN Mahmood Khosravi Assistant Professor, Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Behnaz Esmaeili Assistant Professor, Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Forough Nikzad Dental Student, Dental Materials Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Soraya Khafri Assistant Professor, Department of Social Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2016 04 19 2016 07 11 Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chlorhexidine mouthrinses on color stability of nanofilled and micro-hybrid resin-based composites. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 160 disc-shaped specimens (7x2mm) were fabricated of Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350XT Enamel (A2 shade). The samples of each group were randomly divided into eight subgroups (n=10). The specimens were incubated in artificial saliva at 37˚C for 24 hours. The baseline color values (L*, a*, b*) of each specimen were measured according to CIE LAB system using a reflection spectrophotometer. After baseline color measurements, the control samples were immersed in saliva and the test groups were immersed in Kin (Cosmodent), Vi-One (Rozhin), Epimax (Emad), Hexodine (Donyaye Behdasht), Chlorhexidine (Shahrdaru), Najo (Najo) and Behsa (Behsa) mouthrinses once a day for two minutes. The specimens were then immersed again in saliva. This process was repeated for two weeks. Color measurements were made on days seven and 14. Two-way and one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test, t-test and paired t-test were used to analyze data at a significance level of 0.05. Results: All specimens displayed color change after immersion in the mouthrinses. Significant interactions were found between the effects of materials and mouthrinses on color change. Conclusions: All composite resins tested showed acceptable color change after immersion in different mouthrinses. Filtek Z350XT showed less color change than Filtek Z250. Mouthrinses containing alcohol (Behsa and Najo) and citric acid (Vi-One) caused greater discoloration of composites. Keywords: Chlorhexidine; Color; Composite Resins; Mouthwashes https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1195 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1195/877

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 13 2 2016 10 10 126 132 EN Mehrdad Panjnoush Assistant Professor, Head of Department Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zonnar Sadat Rabiee Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist, Tehran, Iran Yasaman Kheirandish Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 05 20 2016 08 12 Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the location and characteristics of mental foramen, anterior loop and mandibular incisive canal using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 200 mandibular CBCT scans for the location of mental foramen, anterior loop prevalence and mandibular incisive canal visibility, its mean length and distance to buccal and lingual plates and inferior border of the mandible. The effect of age and gender on these variables was also analyzed (P<0.05). Results: Anterior loop and mandibular incisive canal were seen in 59.5% and 97.5% of the cases, respectively. The mean length of the mandibular incisive canal was 10.48±4.53mm in the right and 10.40±4.52mm in the left side. The mean distance from the endpoints of the canal to buccal plate was 3.63±1.73mm in the right and 3.66±1.45mm in the left side. These distances were 3.89±1.53mm in the right and 4.13±1.48mm in the left side to lingual plate and 9.98±2.07mm in the right and 8.62±1.97mm in the left side to the inferior border of the mandible. The distance from the endpoints of the canal to lingual plate was significantly different in the right and left sides. The distance from the endpoint of the canal to the buccal plate and inferior border of the mandible was significantly shorter in females (P=0.016), and had a weak, significant correlation with age (rsp=0.215, P=0.003). Conclusions: Due to variability in mandibular incisive canal length and high prevalence of anterior loop, CBCT is recommended before surgical manipulation of interforaminal region. Keywords: Anatomic Landmarks; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Mandible; Mandibular Nerve https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1246 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1246/878