Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 14 1 2017 02 15 1 6 Majid Mehran Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Sara Tavassoli-Hojjati Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Nazila Ameli Assistant Professor, Orthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Mehdi Salehi Zeinabadi Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2017 02 14 Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of intranasal ketamine and midazolam on behavior of 3-6 year-old children during dental treatments.  Materials and Methods: In this randomized cross-over clinical trial, 17 uncooperative children requiring at least two dental treatments were selected and randomly received ketamine (0.5mg/kg) or midazolam (0.2mg/kg) prior to treatment. The other medication was used in the next visit. The children’s behavioral pattern was determined according to the Houpt's scale regarding sleep, movement, crying and overall behavior. Physiological parameters were also measured at different time intervals. The data were subjected to Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The frequency of crying decreased significantly following ketamine administration compared to midazolam (P=0.002); movement of children decreased with fewer incidence of treatment interruption (P=0.001) while their sleepiness increased (P=0.003). Despite higher success of sedation with ketamine compared to midazolam, no significant differences were found between the two regarding patients’ overall behavior (P>0.05). The patients had higher heart rate and blood pressure with ketamine; however, no significant difference was found regarding respiratory rate and oxygen saturation (P>0.05).  Conclusions: Ketamine (0.5mg/kg) led to fewer movements, less crying and more sleepiness compared to midazolam (0.2mg/kg). No significant differences were found between the two drugs regarding children’s overall behavior and sedation efficiency. Both drugs demonstrated positive efficacy for sedation of children during dental treatments.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1735 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1735/931

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 14 1 2017 02 15 7 12 EN Omid Dianat Associate Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mandana Naseri Associate Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyedeh Farnaz Tabatabaie Postgraduate Student of Restorative and Cosmetic Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Cosmetic Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2016 07 20 2016 11 25 Objectives: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is extensively used in endodontics. However, MTA is difficult to handle because of its granular consistency, low mechanical properties and initial looseness. The objective of this study was to assess the compressive strength (CS), diametral tensile strength (DTS), and pH of set MTA using methyl cellulose as liquid. Materials and Methods: White ProRoot MTA was used as the control group; modified MTA cement was prepared by mixing Portland cement, bismuth oxide and calcium sulfate (75%, 20% and 5%, respectively) as the experiment group. Methyl cellulose was used as hydrating liquid and compared with deionized water. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Results: The pH values of modified MTA cement set using deionized water and methyl cellulose were slightly, but not significantly, different (P>0.05). The DTS and CS tests for modified MTA cement hydrated with methyl cellulose showed a significant difference at one day and one week (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that using methyl cellulose as the hydrating liquid enhances some mechanical properties but does not compromise pH of white ProRoot MTA.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1421 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1421/934

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 14 1 2017 02 15 13 20 EN Farzin Heravi Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Maryam Omidkhoda Associate Professor, Oral & Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Niloufar Koohestanian Advanced Implantology Student, Department of Prosthodontics, UCLA, School of Dentistry, Los Angles, USA Tabassom Hooshmand Associate Professor, Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein Bagheri Assistant Professor, Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Negin Ghaffari Dental Student, University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Toronto, Canada 2016 03 20 2016 12 19 Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the retentive strength of orthodontic bands cemented with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-containing and conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs). Materials and Methods: One-hundred-and-twenty mandibular third molars were embedded in acrylic resin blocks with the buccal surface of crowns perpendicular to the base of the mold. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups containing 30 teeth each. Groups 1 and 3 were cemented using conventional GIC and groups 2 and 4 were cemented using ACP-containing orthodontic cement. Groups 1 and 2 without thermocycling, and groups 3 and 4 after thermocycling (5000 cycles, 5° to 55°C) were tested for retentive strength using a universal testing machine (crosshead speed of 1mm/minute). Two-way ANOVA was performed to compare the retentive strength of the groups. Results: The highest retentive strength belonged to group 1, and it was significantly higher than that of group 2 (P<0.001) and group 3 (P=0.02). The mean strength for group 2 was significantly lower than that of group 1 (P<0.001) and group 4 (P=0.04). Conclusions: Although retentive strength decreased when ACP was added to GIC, the retentive strength of the samples cemented by ACP-containing GIC was remarkably high after thermocycling. It seems that in the oral cavity, ACP-containing GIC provides sufficient strength to endure forces applied on posterior teeth.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1142 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1142/935

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 14 1 2017 02 15 21 30 EN Mahdieh Dehghani Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Rasool Barzegari Dentist, Yazd, Iran Hosein Tabatabai Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Social Determinants of Oral Health Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Sahar Ghanea Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 2015 11 05 2017 01 02 Objectives: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of conventional and digital radiography for detection of cavitated and non-cavitated proximal caries. Materials and Methods: Fifty extracted human premolars and molars were mounted in a silicone block. Charge-coupled device (CCD) and photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP) receptors and intra-oral films were exposed with 60 and 70 kVp with parallel technique. Two observers interpreted the radiographs twice with a two-week interval using a 5-point scale. Teeth were then serially sectioned in mesiodistal direction and evaluated under a stereomicroscope (gold standard). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated. Results: Sensitivity of all three receptors for detection of enamel lesions was low (5.5-44.4%) but it was higher for dentin lesions (42.8-62.8%); PSP with 70 kVp and 0.03s exposure time had the highest sensitivity for enamel lesions, but the difference among receptors was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Sensitivity of all three receptors for detection of non-cavitated lesions was lower than that for cavitated lesions; PSP with 60 kVp and 0.07s exposure time had higher sensitivity and lower patient radiation dose for detection of cavitated and non-cavitated lesions, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: Digital radiography using PSP receptor with 70 kVp is recommended to detect initial enamel caries. For detection of non-cavitated and cavitated dentin caries, PSP with 60 kVp is more appropriate. Change in kVp did not affect the diagnostic accuracy for detection of caries, and type of receptor was a more important factor.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/838 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/838/932

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 14 1 2017 02 15 31 39 EN Shima Aalaei Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran Rohollah Ganj-Khanloo Private Practice, Zanjan, Iran Fatemeh Gholami Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 2016 04 12 2016 12 19 Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of storage period on dimensional stability of Alginplus and Hydrogum 5. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 60 impressions were taken of an upper jaw typodont, including 10 impressions for each storage period to be tested (12 minutes, 24 and 120 hours) for each type of alginate. Then, the impressions were stored in an incubator with stable temperature and humidity, and poured using a type III dental stone. Subsequently, the mesiodistal dimension, occlusogingival height, and interarch distance were measured using a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01mm. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and t-test (P<0.05). Results: Alginplus and Hydrogum 5 impressions were not significantly different from the master model after 12 minutes and 24 hours in terms of dimensions (P>0.05). After 120 hours, all dimensions measured on casts were significantly different from those measured on the master model, except for the mesiodistal dimension of the Hydrogum 5 impressions. Conclusions: At a consistent temperature and humidity, the Alginplus and Hydrogum 5 impressions were dimensionally stable for at least 24 hours.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1171 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1171/936

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 14 1 2017 02 15 40 47 EN Ahmad Ghahremanloo Associate Professor of Prosthodontics Department, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mahdieh Seifi Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics Department, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Jalil Ghanbarzade Associate Professor of Prosthodontics Department, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Seyyed Mohammad Abrisham Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics Department, Yazd Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Rashid Abdolah Javan Statistical Advisor, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2015 11 03 2016 10 25 Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of dental implant impressions obtained by a combination of different impression techniques and viscosities of polyvinyl siloxane (PVS). Materials and Methods: Four parallel fixtures were placed between mental foramina in a master model of lower dental arch. Three different viscosities (putty/light body, medium body/light body, and monophase: heavy body) and direct and indirect techniques (six groups) were used, and seven impressions were obtained from each group (n=42). To measure the accuracy of impressions, drift, horizontal, and vertical angles of the implants, as well as the hex rotation of the implants in casts were evaluated using a digitizer device (1μm accuracy), in comparison with master arch. Data were analyzed using five-factor two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: The accuracy of impressions was assessed and the results showed that direct technique was not significantly different from indirect technique (P>0.05). Also, there were no significant differences between the mentioned viscosities except for the horizontal angle (P=0.006). Conclusions: Viscosity of impression materials is of high significance for the accuracy of dental impressions.   https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/830 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/830/933

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 14 1 2017 02 15 48 54 EN Imaneh Asgari Assistant Professor, Dental Material Research Center, Department of Oral Public Health, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Elaheh Kazemi Private Practice, Isfahan, Iran 2016 10 22 2017 01 07 Objectives: Indicators of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children are widely adopted to evaluate the effects of oral problems. Recently, the scale of oral health outcomes for 5-year-old children (SOHO-5) was developed based on the children’s self-reports. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the questionnaire in a sample of Iranian children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 children from four areas of Isfahan selected via non-random purposive sampling. After forward-backward translation of the questionnaire, content and face validity evaluation, a pilot test was carried out. Children forms were completed by intecluded by BG and BG modified with 5% Sr, while they were almost completely obstructed after the use of BG modified with 10% Sr. Conclusions: Strontium increases remineralization. Addition of 10% Sr to BG enhances apatite formation; however, the apatite dissolves over time. Addition of 5% Sr to BG stabilizes the apatite lattice and increases the remineralization. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/1847 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/1847/964

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 14 4 2017 10 30 224 230 EN Mehrdad Abdinian Assistant Professor, Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Rahman Nazeri Postgraduate Student, Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Marzieh Ghaiour Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2015 11 24 2017 07 24 Objectives: When a patient has cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images based on the treatment plan, it is possible to use these images for evaluation of caries, and there is no need for new radiographs, according to the "as low as reasonably achievable" (ALARA) principle. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of filtration and thickness of CBCT cross-sections on detection of proximal caries. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 100 teeth were placed in the dental sockets of a dry skull, and were fixed in normal proximal contacts. CBCT images were taken and were evaluated by two observers on the panoramic view at 1-, 3- and 5-mm-thick cross-sections, with the use of filtrations 0, 1 and 2. Afterwards, the samples were sectioned and underwent a histological evaluation. McNemar’s test was used to compare the findings on CBCT images and histological evaluation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different cross-sections. Results: The maximum AZ-value was achieved at 3-mm thickness/filtration 2. However, the differences between 1-mm thickness/filtration 2 and 1-mm thickness/filtration 1 were not significant (P=0.728 and 0.868, respectively). The minimum AZ-value was achieved at 5-mm thickness/filtration 0. Conclusions: Although CBCT is not sufficiently effective in detecting caries, the best cross-sections for detection of proximal caries were achieved at 3-mm thickness/filtration 2, 1-mm thickness/filtration 2 and 1-mm thickness/filtration 1. https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/view/892 https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/article/download/892/965

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X 14 4 2017 10 30 231 236 EN Fariba Golbidi Associate Professor, Dental Materials Research Center, Departmen