Beyond the Relief of Pain: Dentin Hypersensitivity and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
,
Abstract
Pain is a constant symptom of dentin hypersensitivity (DH), which is a common condition that affects daily life and negatively affects the quality of life (QoL). Diagnosis and outcome measurements following the treatment of the disease require accurate pain assessment. The definition of pain underlies the complexity of its measurement as different factors modulate daily experience. The reproducibility of the prescribed stimuli for inducing DH pain clinically is difficult to achieve. This pain mevaasurement is made with unidimensional scales that are inadequate to capture the other dimensions of pain. The only specific QoL tool available for DH still requires testing in other populations and cultures. This article reviews the appropriateness of the current methods of DH pain assessment and the tools that consider the other pain dimensions. It also looks at its impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of people with DH. The findings will create interest and facilitate research in this field of DH pain measurement and management.
1. Rapp R, Avery JK, Strachan DS. The distribution of nerves in human primary teeth. Anat Rec. 1967 Sep;159(1):89-103.
2. Bartold PM. Dentinal hypersensitivity: a review. Aust Dent J. 2006 Sep;51(3):212-8; quiz 276.
3. Canadian Advisory Board on Dentin Hypersensitivity. Consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity. J Can Dent Assoc. 2003 Apr;69(4):221-6.
4. Martínez-Ricarte J, Faus-Matoses V, Faus-Llácer VJ, Flichy-Fernández AJ, Mateos-Moreno B. Dentinal sensitivity: concept and methodology for its objective evaluation. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008 Mar 1;13(3):E201-6.
5. [No authors listed]. Pain terms: a list with definitions and notes on usage. Recommended by the IASP Subcommittee on Taxonomy. Pain. 1979 Jun;6(3):249.
6. Sosnow I. The emotional significance of the loss of teeth. In: Barland LR, Vintan PW (editors). Dental clinics of North America, symposium on psychology in dentistry II. Removable Partial Dentures. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1962:637-50.
7. Splieth CH, Tachou A. Epidemiology of dentin hypersensitivity. Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Mar;17 Suppl 1:S3-8.
8. Gibson B, Boiko OV, Baker S, Robinson PG, Barlow A, Player T, et al. The everyday impact of dentine sensitivity: personal and functional aspects. Soc Sci Dent. 2010 Jun;1(1):11-20.
9. Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain. 2006 May;10(4):287-333.
10. Melzack R, Katz J. Pain assessment in adult patients. In: McMahon SB, Koltzenburg M (editors). Wall and Melzack’s Textbook of Pain. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Amsterdam, Edinburgh, 2006:291-304.
11. Holland GR, Narhi MN, Addy M, Gangarosa L, Orchardson R. Guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials on dentine hypersensitivity. J Clin Periodontol. 1997 Nov;24(11):808-13.
12. Gernhardt CR. How valid and applicable are current diagnostic criteria and assessment methods for dentin hypersensitivity? An overview. Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Mar;17 Suppl 1:S31-40.
13. Idon PI, Esan TA, Bamise CT. Efficacy of Three In-office Dentin Hypersensitivity Treatments. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2017;15(3):207-214.
14. Thomas MS. Dentin hypersensitivity. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011 Jan;142(1):16; author reply 16-8.
15. Walters PA. Dentinal hypersensitivity: a review. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2005 May 15;6(2):107-17.
16. West NX. The dentine hypersensitivity patient - a total management package. Int Dent J. 2007 Dec;57(S6):411-19.
17. Orchardson R, Gillam DG. Managing dentin hypersensitivity. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006 Jul;137(7):990-8; quiz 1028-9.
18. Miglani S, Aggarwal V, Ahuja B. Dentine hypersensitivity: Recent trends in
management. J Conserv Dent. 2010 Oct;13(4):218-24.
19. Orchardson R, Gangarosa LP Sr, Holland GR, Pashley DH. Towards a standard code of practice for evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for hypersensitive dentine. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39 Suppl:121S-124S.
20. Ide M, Wilson RF, Ashley FP. The reproducibility of methods of assessment for cervical dentine hypersensitivity. J Clin Periodontol. 2001 Jan;28(1):16-22.
21. Schug SA, Palmer GM, Scott DA, Halliwell R, Trinca J. Acute pain management: scientific evidence, fourth edition, 2015. Med J Aust. 2016 May 2;204(8):315-7.
22. Constitution of the World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf /Accessed April 28, 2019.
23. Slevin ML, Plant H, Lynch D, Drinkwater J, Gregory WM. Who should measure quality of life, the doctor or the patient? Br J Cancer. 1988 Jan;57(1):109-12.
24. Gillam DG, Newman HN. Assessment of pain in cervical dentinal sensitivity studies. A review. J Clin Periodontol. 1993 Jul;20(6):383-94.
25. Schiff T, Dotson M, Cohen S, De Vizio W, McCool J, Volpe A. Efficacy of a dentifrice containing potassium nitrate, soluble pyrophosphate, PVM/MA copolymer, and sodium fluoride on dentinal hypersensitivity: a twelve-week clinical study. J Clin Dent. 1994;5 Spec No:87-92.
26. Hamlin D, Williams KP, Delgado E, Zhang YP, DeVizio W, Mateo LR. Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of a desensitizing paste containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate for the in-office relief of dentin hypersensitivity associated with dental prophylaxis. Am J Dent. 2009 Mar;22 Spec No A:16A-20A.
27. Addy M, West NX, Barlow A, Smith S. Dentine hypersensitivity: is there both stimulus and placebo responses in clinical trials? Int J Dent Hyg. 2007 Feb;5(1):53-9.
28. Fosnocht DE, Chapman CR, Swanson ER, Donaldson GW. Correlation of change in visual analog scale with pain relief in the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2005 Jan;23(1):55-9.
29. Dijkers M. Comparing quantification of pain severity by verbal rating and numeric rating scales. J Spinal Cord Med. 2010;33(3):232-42.
30. Kahl C, Cleland JA. Visual analogue scale, numeric pain rating scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire: An overview of psychometric properties. Phys Ther Rev. 2005 Jun;10(2):123-8.
31. Todd KH. Pain assessment instruments for use in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2005 May;23(2):285-95.
32. Bijur PE, Latimer CT, Gallagher EJ. Validation of a verbally administered numerical rating scale of acute pain for use in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2003 Apr;10(4):390-2.
33. Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. J Clin Nurs. 2005 Aug;14(7):798-804.
34. Breivik EK, Björnsson GA, Skovlund E. A comparison of pain rating scales by sampling from clinical trial data. Clin J Pain. 2000 Mar;16(1):22-8.
35. Lara-Muñoz C, De Leon SP, Feinstein AR, Puente A, Wells CK. Comparison of three rating scales for measuring subjective phenomena in clinical research. I. Use of experimentally controlled auditory stimuli. Arch Med Res. 2004 Jan-Feb;35(1):43-8.
36. Briggs M, Closs JS. A descriptive study of the use of visual analogue scales and verbal rating scales for the assessment of postoperative pain in orthopedic patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1999 Dec;18(6):438-46.
37. Daut RL, Cleeland CS, Flanery RC. Development of the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire to assess pain in cancer and other diseases. Pain. 1983 Oct;17(2):197-210.
38. Melzack R. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Pain. 1987 Aug;30(2):191-7.
39. Kay E, Locker D. A systematic review of the effectiveness of health promotion aimed at improving oral health. Community Dent Health. 1998 Sep;15(3):132-44.
40. Sischo L, Broder HL. Oral Health-related Quality of Life. What, Why, How, and Future Implications. J Dent Res. 2011 Nov;90(11):1264-70.
41. Locker D. Measuring oral health: a conceptual framework. Community Dent Health. 1988 Mar;5(1):3-18.
42. Allen PF. Assessment of oral health related quality of life. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003 Sep;1:40.
43. Crocombe LA, Brennan DS, Slade GD. The influence of dental attendance on change in oral health-related quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012 Feb;40(1):53-61.
44. Idon PI, Esan TA, Bamise CT, Mohammed ASA, Mohammed A, Ofuonye ILN. Dentine Hypersensitivity: Review of a Common Oral Health Problem. J Dent Craniofac Res. 2017 Dec;2(2):16.
45. Boiko OV, Baker SR, Gibson BJ, Locker D, Sufi F, Barlow AP, et al. Construction and validation of the quality of life measure for dentine hypersensitivity (DHEQ). J Clin Periodontol. 2010 Nov;37(11):973-80.
46. Fredheim OM, Kaasa S, Fayers P, Saltnes T, Jordhøy M, Borchgrevink PC. Chronic non-malignant pain patients report as poor health-related quality of life as palliative cancer patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2008 Jan;52(1):143-8.
47. Slade GD, Spencer AJ. Development and evaluation of the Oral Health Impact Profile. Community Dent Health. 1994 Mar;11(1):3-11.
48. Bekes K, Hirsch C. What is known about the influence of dentine hypersensitivity on oral health-related quality of life? Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Mar;17 Suppl 1:S45-51.
49. Slade GD. Derivation and validation of a short-form oral health impact profile. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1997 Aug;25(4):284-90.
50. Locker D. Issues in measuring change in self-perceived oral health status. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998 Feb;26(1):41-7.
51. Machuca C, Baker SR, Sufi F, Mason S, Barlow A, Robinson PG. Derivation of a short form of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Jan;41(1):46-51.
52. Bekes K, John MT, Schaller HG, Hirsch C. Oral health-related quality of life in patients seeking care for dentin hypersensitivity. J Oral
Rehabil. 2009 Jan;36(1):45-51.
53. Bekes K, Schaller HG, Hirsch C. Improvement of oral health-related quality of life in subjects with dentin hypersensitivity. ZWR. 2008;117(4):136-42.
54. Idon PI, Esan TA, Bamise CT. Oral health-related quality of life in patients presenting with dentine hypersensitivity: A randomized controlled study of treatment effect. Eur J Gen Dent. 2017 May;6(2):99-105.
55. Lima TC, Vieira-Barbosa NM, Grasielle de Sá Azevedo C, de Matos FR, Douglas de Oliveira DW, de Oliveira ES, et al. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Before and After Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity With Cyanoacrylate and Laser. J Periodontol. 2017 Feb;88(2):166-172.
56. Baker SR, Gibson BJ, Sufi F, Barlow A, Robinson PG. The Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire: a longitudinal validation study. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Jan;41(1):52-9.
57. He SL, Wang JH, Wang MH. Development of the Chinese version of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire. Eur J Oral Sci. 2012 Jun;120(3):218-23.
58. Başaran S, Celik C. Turkish Adaptation of Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ). Community Dent Health. 2018 Mar 1;35(1):47-51.
59. Douglas-De-Oliveira DW, Lages FS, Paiva SM, Cromley JG, Robinson PG, Cota LOM. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ-15). Braz Oral Res. 2018;32:e37.
60. Li XL, Wang JH, He SL. [Confirmatory factor analysis of the shortened dentine hypersensitivity experience questionnaire]. [Article in Chinese; Abstract available in Chinese from the publisher]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2018 Jun 1;36(3):267-270.
61. He SL, Wang JH. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the short form of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ-15). Qual Life Res. 2015 Jun;24(6):1465-9.
2. Bartold PM. Dentinal hypersensitivity: a review. Aust Dent J. 2006 Sep;51(3):212-8; quiz 276.
3. Canadian Advisory Board on Dentin Hypersensitivity. Consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity. J Can Dent Assoc. 2003 Apr;69(4):221-6.
4. Martínez-Ricarte J, Faus-Matoses V, Faus-Llácer VJ, Flichy-Fernández AJ, Mateos-Moreno B. Dentinal sensitivity: concept and methodology for its objective evaluation. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008 Mar 1;13(3):E201-6.
5. [No authors listed]. Pain terms: a list with definitions and notes on usage. Recommended by the IASP Subcommittee on Taxonomy. Pain. 1979 Jun;6(3):249.
6. Sosnow I. The emotional significance of the loss of teeth. In: Barland LR, Vintan PW (editors). Dental clinics of North America, symposium on psychology in dentistry II. Removable Partial Dentures. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1962:637-50.
7. Splieth CH, Tachou A. Epidemiology of dentin hypersensitivity. Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Mar;17 Suppl 1:S3-8.
8. Gibson B, Boiko OV, Baker S, Robinson PG, Barlow A, Player T, et al. The everyday impact of dentine sensitivity: personal and functional aspects. Soc Sci Dent. 2010 Jun;1(1):11-20.
9. Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain. 2006 May;10(4):287-333.
10. Melzack R, Katz J. Pain assessment in adult patients. In: McMahon SB, Koltzenburg M (editors). Wall and Melzack’s Textbook of Pain. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Amsterdam, Edinburgh, 2006:291-304.
11. Holland GR, Narhi MN, Addy M, Gangarosa L, Orchardson R. Guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials on dentine hypersensitivity. J Clin Periodontol. 1997 Nov;24(11):808-13.
12. Gernhardt CR. How valid and applicable are current diagnostic criteria and assessment methods for dentin hypersensitivity? An overview. Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Mar;17 Suppl 1:S31-40.
13. Idon PI, Esan TA, Bamise CT. Efficacy of Three In-office Dentin Hypersensitivity Treatments. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2017;15(3):207-214.
14. Thomas MS. Dentin hypersensitivity. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011 Jan;142(1):16; author reply 16-8.
15. Walters PA. Dentinal hypersensitivity: a review. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2005 May 15;6(2):107-17.
16. West NX. The dentine hypersensitivity patient - a total management package. Int Dent J. 2007 Dec;57(S6):411-19.
17. Orchardson R, Gillam DG. Managing dentin hypersensitivity. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006 Jul;137(7):990-8; quiz 1028-9.
18. Miglani S, Aggarwal V, Ahuja B. Dentine hypersensitivity: Recent trends in
management. J Conserv Dent. 2010 Oct;13(4):218-24.
19. Orchardson R, Gangarosa LP Sr, Holland GR, Pashley DH. Towards a standard code of practice for evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for hypersensitive dentine. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39 Suppl:121S-124S.
20. Ide M, Wilson RF, Ashley FP. The reproducibility of methods of assessment for cervical dentine hypersensitivity. J Clin Periodontol. 2001 Jan;28(1):16-22.
21. Schug SA, Palmer GM, Scott DA, Halliwell R, Trinca J. Acute pain management: scientific evidence, fourth edition, 2015. Med J Aust. 2016 May 2;204(8):315-7.
22. Constitution of the World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf /Accessed April 28, 2019.
23. Slevin ML, Plant H, Lynch D, Drinkwater J, Gregory WM. Who should measure quality of life, the doctor or the patient? Br J Cancer. 1988 Jan;57(1):109-12.
24. Gillam DG, Newman HN. Assessment of pain in cervical dentinal sensitivity studies. A review. J Clin Periodontol. 1993 Jul;20(6):383-94.
25. Schiff T, Dotson M, Cohen S, De Vizio W, McCool J, Volpe A. Efficacy of a dentifrice containing potassium nitrate, soluble pyrophosphate, PVM/MA copolymer, and sodium fluoride on dentinal hypersensitivity: a twelve-week clinical study. J Clin Dent. 1994;5 Spec No:87-92.
26. Hamlin D, Williams KP, Delgado E, Zhang YP, DeVizio W, Mateo LR. Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of a desensitizing paste containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate for the in-office relief of dentin hypersensitivity associated with dental prophylaxis. Am J Dent. 2009 Mar;22 Spec No A:16A-20A.
27. Addy M, West NX, Barlow A, Smith S. Dentine hypersensitivity: is there both stimulus and placebo responses in clinical trials? Int J Dent Hyg. 2007 Feb;5(1):53-9.
28. Fosnocht DE, Chapman CR, Swanson ER, Donaldson GW. Correlation of change in visual analog scale with pain relief in the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2005 Jan;23(1):55-9.
29. Dijkers M. Comparing quantification of pain severity by verbal rating and numeric rating scales. J Spinal Cord Med. 2010;33(3):232-42.
30. Kahl C, Cleland JA. Visual analogue scale, numeric pain rating scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire: An overview of psychometric properties. Phys Ther Rev. 2005 Jun;10(2):123-8.
31. Todd KH. Pain assessment instruments for use in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2005 May;23(2):285-95.
32. Bijur PE, Latimer CT, Gallagher EJ. Validation of a verbally administered numerical rating scale of acute pain for use in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2003 Apr;10(4):390-2.
33. Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. J Clin Nurs. 2005 Aug;14(7):798-804.
34. Breivik EK, Björnsson GA, Skovlund E. A comparison of pain rating scales by sampling from clinical trial data. Clin J Pain. 2000 Mar;16(1):22-8.
35. Lara-Muñoz C, De Leon SP, Feinstein AR, Puente A, Wells CK. Comparison of three rating scales for measuring subjective phenomena in clinical research. I. Use of experimentally controlled auditory stimuli. Arch Med Res. 2004 Jan-Feb;35(1):43-8.
36. Briggs M, Closs JS. A descriptive study of the use of visual analogue scales and verbal rating scales for the assessment of postoperative pain in orthopedic patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1999 Dec;18(6):438-46.
37. Daut RL, Cleeland CS, Flanery RC. Development of the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire to assess pain in cancer and other diseases. Pain. 1983 Oct;17(2):197-210.
38. Melzack R. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Pain. 1987 Aug;30(2):191-7.
39. Kay E, Locker D. A systematic review of the effectiveness of health promotion aimed at improving oral health. Community Dent Health. 1998 Sep;15(3):132-44.
40. Sischo L, Broder HL. Oral Health-related Quality of Life. What, Why, How, and Future Implications. J Dent Res. 2011 Nov;90(11):1264-70.
41. Locker D. Measuring oral health: a conceptual framework. Community Dent Health. 1988 Mar;5(1):3-18.
42. Allen PF. Assessment of oral health related quality of life. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003 Sep;1:40.
43. Crocombe LA, Brennan DS, Slade GD. The influence of dental attendance on change in oral health-related quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012 Feb;40(1):53-61.
44. Idon PI, Esan TA, Bamise CT, Mohammed ASA, Mohammed A, Ofuonye ILN. Dentine Hypersensitivity: Review of a Common Oral Health Problem. J Dent Craniofac Res. 2017 Dec;2(2):16.
45. Boiko OV, Baker SR, Gibson BJ, Locker D, Sufi F, Barlow AP, et al. Construction and validation of the quality of life measure for dentine hypersensitivity (DHEQ). J Clin Periodontol. 2010 Nov;37(11):973-80.
46. Fredheim OM, Kaasa S, Fayers P, Saltnes T, Jordhøy M, Borchgrevink PC. Chronic non-malignant pain patients report as poor health-related quality of life as palliative cancer patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2008 Jan;52(1):143-8.
47. Slade GD, Spencer AJ. Development and evaluation of the Oral Health Impact Profile. Community Dent Health. 1994 Mar;11(1):3-11.
48. Bekes K, Hirsch C. What is known about the influence of dentine hypersensitivity on oral health-related quality of life? Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Mar;17 Suppl 1:S45-51.
49. Slade GD. Derivation and validation of a short-form oral health impact profile. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1997 Aug;25(4):284-90.
50. Locker D. Issues in measuring change in self-perceived oral health status. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998 Feb;26(1):41-7.
51. Machuca C, Baker SR, Sufi F, Mason S, Barlow A, Robinson PG. Derivation of a short form of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Jan;41(1):46-51.
52. Bekes K, John MT, Schaller HG, Hirsch C. Oral health-related quality of life in patients seeking care for dentin hypersensitivity. J Oral
Rehabil. 2009 Jan;36(1):45-51.
53. Bekes K, Schaller HG, Hirsch C. Improvement of oral health-related quality of life in subjects with dentin hypersensitivity. ZWR. 2008;117(4):136-42.
54. Idon PI, Esan TA, Bamise CT. Oral health-related quality of life in patients presenting with dentine hypersensitivity: A randomized controlled study of treatment effect. Eur J Gen Dent. 2017 May;6(2):99-105.
55. Lima TC, Vieira-Barbosa NM, Grasielle de Sá Azevedo C, de Matos FR, Douglas de Oliveira DW, de Oliveira ES, et al. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Before and After Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity With Cyanoacrylate and Laser. J Periodontol. 2017 Feb;88(2):166-172.
56. Baker SR, Gibson BJ, Sufi F, Barlow A, Robinson PG. The Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire: a longitudinal validation study. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Jan;41(1):52-9.
57. He SL, Wang JH, Wang MH. Development of the Chinese version of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire. Eur J Oral Sci. 2012 Jun;120(3):218-23.
58. Başaran S, Celik C. Turkish Adaptation of Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ). Community Dent Health. 2018 Mar 1;35(1):47-51.
59. Douglas-De-Oliveira DW, Lages FS, Paiva SM, Cromley JG, Robinson PG, Cota LOM. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ-15). Braz Oral Res. 2018;32:e37.
60. Li XL, Wang JH, He SL. [Confirmatory factor analysis of the shortened dentine hypersensitivity experience questionnaire]. [Article in Chinese; Abstract available in Chinese from the publisher]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2018 Jun 1;36(3):267-270.
61. He SL, Wang JH. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the short form of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ-15). Qual Life Res. 2015 Jun;24(6):1465-9.
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| Issue | Vol 16, No 5 (2019) | |
| Section | Review Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v16i5.2272 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Dentine Hypersensitivity Pain Outcome Assessment Health Care Health-Related Quality of Life Oral Health | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Idon P, Sotunde O, Ogundare T. Beyond the Relief of Pain: Dentin Hypersensitivity and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life. Front Dent. 2020;16(5):325-334.
