Frontiers in Dentistry

Original Article

• Comparison of Cytotoxicity between Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Mixed with Chlorhexidine and Common Endodontic Regeneration Medicaments on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: an in Vitro Study

  zahra mohammadi , Sholeh Ghabraei , Farzaneh Afkhami , Ahmad Reza Shamshiri

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  Abstract

  Objectives: The combination of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) has been recently introduced as an intracanal medicament. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential cytotoxic effects of MTA mixed with 2% chlorhexidine gel on human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and compare it with other common endodontic regeneration medicaments.

  Materials and Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of six experimental groups against Enterococcus faecalis was determined. The study groups consisted of RetoMTA mixed with 2% chlorhexidine gel (MTA+CHX), calcium hydroxide (CH), CH mixed with CHX gel, two concentrations of double antibiotic paste, and 2% CHX. The direct cytotoxic effect of minimum bactericidal concentration was evaluated by MTT on PDLSCs on days 1, 3, and 7. One-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were used for data analysis (P<0.05).

  Results: The viability of cells treated with MTA+CHX decreased significantly over time (P<0.05) making this group the most cytotoxic intracanal medicament on the 3^rd and 7^th days of treatment. On day one, the highest viability percentage was detected in the CH+CHX group followed by the CHX group. On day 3, CH+CHX and CHX groups displayed the highest viability percentage. On day 7, the highest viability was observed in the CHX group, which showed no significant difference with the control group (P=0.12).

  Conclusion: Regarding the antimicrobial potency of intracanal medicaments at minimum bactericidal concentration levels, CHX gel appears to be the least cytotoxic drug, while MTA+CHX shows the highest reduction in viability percentage

• Fracture Resistance of Zirconia Restorations with Four Different Framework Designs Fracture Resistance of Zirconia Restorations

  Sara tavakolizadeh , Najmeh Yazdani , Rahab Ghoveizi , Abolghasem Mohammadi , Elaheh Beyabanaki , sudabeh kulivand

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  Abstract

  Objectives: This study assessed the fracture resistance of zirconia crowns with four framework designs, fabricated by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology.

  Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a maxillary central incisor was prepared and scanned with a CAD/CAM scanner, and 40 frameworks with 4 designs (N=10) were fabricated as follows: simple core, dentine core with a design similar to dentine, 3mm trestle design collar in the lingual aspect with proximal buttresses, and monolithic or full-contour. After porcelain applying and 20h immersion in distilled water (37°C), crowns were cemented on metal dies using zinc phosphate cement. Fracture resistance was measured by a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (alpha=0.05).

  Results: Fracture resistance was maximum in the monolithic group, followed by the dentine core, trestle design, and simple core groups, respectively. The mean fracture resistance of the monolithic group was significantly higher than that of the simple core group (P<0.005).

  Conclusion: Zirconia restorations with frameworks that provided higher and more support for porcelain, showed increased fracture resistance

• Antifungal Effect of Ginger Essential Oil Spray on Candida albicans Adhering to Self-Cure Acrylic Plates Effect of Ginger on Candida Adhering to Acrylic

  zahra azizi , Saeid Mahdavi omran , Sedigheh Sheikhzadeh , Hemmat Gholinia , Samane Gharekhani

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  Abstract

  Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ginger essential oil spray for elimination of Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhering to self-cure acrylic plates.

  Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 120 self-cure acrylic discs were contaminated with C. albicans and randomly divided into four main groups: exposure to ginger essential oil, nystatin (positive control), distilled water (negative control), and no exposure. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ginger oil and nystatin was determined by the microdilution test. The stability of C. albicans was determined by culturing the samples of treated acrylic plates and comparing the mean number of remaining colonies. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn test with Bonferroni correction.  P<0.05 was considered significant

  Results: The MIC of ginger essential oil and nystatin was found to be 1560µg/mL and 4µg/mL, respectively. The differences between the mean count of C. albicans colonies before (10175±10730.25) and after the exposure to ginger essential oil (542.86±464.81) and nystatin (257.14±247.67) was statistically significant (P<0.001). The mean number of C. albicans colonies after spraying with nystatin was not significantly different compared with ginger essential oil (P=0.204). The efficacy of nystatin and ginger essential oil at each time was significantly more than distilled water (P<0.001). At 10 and 15min, there was no significant difference between nystatin and ginger essential oil groups (P=0.05).

  Conclusion: Ginger essential oil spray was found to be a simple and effective method for elimination of C. albicans adhering to acrylic discs.

• Efficacy of Aloe Vera and Clobetasol Propionate in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Parallel Clinical Trial Aloe Vera & Clobetasol Propionate in Lichen Planus

  Aniket Uday Vaidya , Manisha Khorate, Dr. , Nivedita Chinam, Dr. , Nigel Figueiredo, Dr.

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  Abstract

  Objectives: The purpose of this randomized parallel clinical trial was to assess and compare the efficacy of 97% Aloe Vera (AV) gel and 94.7% AV juice against an active control (0.05% Clobetasol Propionate) in the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP).

  Materials and Methods: Age and sex matched patients with histologically proven OLP were divided into two groups. One group received 97% AV gel for topical application and 10ml 94.7% AV juice to consume twice daily. The active control group received topical 0.05% Clobetasol Propionate ointment twice daily. Treatment lasted two months followed by four months of observation. Monthly evaluation of various clinical features of OLP was done using the OLP disease scoring criteria. Burning sensation was evaluated using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Mann Whitney–U (followed by Bonferroni adjustment) and Wilcoxon’s signed-rank tests were used for intergroup and intragroup comparisons, respectively. Interclass correlation-coefficient test was applied to assess the intra-observer variation (P<0.05).

  Results: In total, 41 females and 19 males participated in this study. The most common site was the buccal mucosa followed by the gingivobuccal vestibule. The reticular variant was most frequently encountered. Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test showed significant differences in both groups between baseline and end-of-treatment for VAS, site-score, reticular/plaque/papular score, erosive/atrophic score and OLP disease score (P<0.05). Mann–Whitney revealed significant difference between both groups in the 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th months (P<0.0071).

  Conclusion: Clobetasol Propionate is more effective for OLP management but in our study AV proved to be a safe treatment alternative for OLP management.