Influence of Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength of a Self-Adhesive Bulk-Fill Composite Resin to Cut and Uncut Enamel: An In-Vitro Study
-
Zahra Jowkar Jowkar
,
Fereshteh Shafiei
,
Zahra Lotfhaghpanah
,
Zahra Sajedianfard
,
Seyed Ahmadreza Hamidi
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate how various surface treatments impact the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of a self-adhesive bulk-fill composite resin to cut and uncut enamel.
Materials and Methods: Eighty sound human third molars were collected in this in vitro study. Forty were prepared to create cut enamel surfaces, and 40 were left uncut. Each group was randomly divided into four subgroups (n=10) according to the type of surface treatment: no treatment (control), 18% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), All-Bond Universal adhesive in etch-and-rinse (E&R) mode, and All-Bond Universal adhesive in self-etch (SE) mode. Surefil One self-adhesive bulk-fill composite resin was bonded to enamel, and μSBS was measured after 24 hours. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test (alpha=0.05).
Results: Two-way ANOVA showed significant main effects of enamel preparation (P<0.001) and surface pretreatment (P<0.001), as well as their significant interaction effect (P=0.005) on μSBS. Cut enamel exhibited a higher mean μSBS (7.12±2.66MPa) than uncut enamel (5.88±2.70MPa; P=0.019). Universal adhesive application in E&R mode yielded the highest μSBS, followed by the SE mode; whereas, EDTA and no-treatment groups showed the lowest μSBS values.
Conclusion: Cut enamel samples exhibited a greater μSBS in comparison to uncut samples. The highest μSBS values were observed when both cut and uncut enamel surfaces received pretreatment with a universal adhesive applied in E&R mode.
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2. Frankenberger R, Dudek MC, Winter J, Braun A, Krämer N, von Stein-Lausnitz M, et al. Amalgam alternatives critically evaluated: effect of long-term thermomechanical loading on marginal quality, wear, and fracture behavior. J Adhes Dent. 2020;22(1):107-16.
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7. Latta MA, Radniecki SM. Bond strength of self-adhesive restorative materials affected by smear layer thickness but not dentin desiccation. J Adhes Dent. 2020;22(1):79-84.
8. Ibrahim IM, Elkassas DW, Yousry MM. Effect of EDTA and phosphoric Acid pretreatment on the bonding effectiveness of self-etch adhesives to ground enamel. Eur J Dent. 2010 Oct;4(4):418-28.
9. Elraggal A, Raheem IA, Holiel A, Alhotan A, Alshabib A, Silikas N, et al. Bond strength, microleakage, microgaps, and marginal adaptation of self-adhesive resin composites to tooth substrates with and without preconditioning with universal adhesives. J Adhes Dent. 2024 Feb;26:53-64.
10. Hoshika S, Kameyama A, Suyama Y, De Munck J, Sano H, Van Meerbeek B. GPDM- and 10-MDP-based self-etch adhesives bonded to bur-cut and uncut enamel - "immediate" and "aged" µTBS. J Adhes Dent. 2018;20(2):113-20.
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12. Alghamdi AA, Athamh S, Alzhrani R, Filemban H. Assessment of the micro-tensile bond strength of a novel bioactive dental restorative material (Surefil One). Polymers (Basel). 2024 May;16(11):1558.
13. Aldowsari MK, Alfawzan F, Alhaidari A, Alhogail N, Alshargi R, Bin Saleh S, et al. Comparison of shear bond strength of three types of adhesive materials used in the restoration of permanent molars after treatment with silver diamine fluoride: An in vitro study. Materials (Basel). 2023 Oct;16(21):6831.
14. François P, Remadi A, Le Goff S, Abdel-Gawad S, Attal JP, Dursun E. Flexural properties and dentin adhesion in recently developed self-adhesive bulk-fill materials. J Oral Sci. 2021 Mar;63(2):139-44.
15. Van Meerbeek B, Yoshihara K, Yoshida Y, Mine A, De Munck J, Van Landuyt KL. State of the art of self-etch adhesives. Dent Mater. 2011 Jan;27(1):17-28.
16. Choi AN, Lee JH, Son SA, Jung KH, Kwon YH, Park JK. Effect of dentin wetness on the bond strength of universal adhesives. Materials (Basel). 2017 Oct;10(11):1224.
17. Yoshihara K, Hayakawa S, Nagaoka N, Okihara T, Yoshida Y, Van Meerbeek B. Etching efficacy of self-etching functional monomers. J Dent Res. 2018 Aug;97(9):1010-6.
18. Saikaew P, Senawongse P, Chowdhury AA, Sano H, Harnirattisai C. Effect of smear layer and surface roughness on resin-dentin bond strength of self-etching adhesives. Dent Mater J. 2018 Nov;37(6):973-80.
19. Yao C, Ahmed MH, Zhang F, Mercelis B, Van Landuyt KL, Huang C, Vet al. Structural/chemical characterization and bond strength of a new self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative. J Adhes Dent. 2020;22(1):85-97.
20. Yao C, Ahmed MH, Okazaki Y, Van Landuyt KL, Huang C, Van Meerbeek B. Bonding efficacy of a new self-adhesive restorative onto flat dentin vs Class-I cavity-bottom dentin. J Adhes Dent. 2020;22(1):65-77.
21. Cieplik F, Hiller KA, Buchalla W, Federlin M, Scholz KJ. Randomized clinical split-mouth study on a novel self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative vs. a conventional bulk-fill composite for restoration of class II cavities - results after three years. J Dent. 2022 Oct;125:104275.
22. Yazici AR, Uslu Tekce A, Kutuk ZB. Comparative evaluation of different adhesive strategies of a universal adhesive in class II bulk-fill restorations: A 48-month randomized controlled trial. J Dent. 2022 Feb;117:103921.
23. Reis A, Moura K, Pellizzaro A, Dal-Bianco K, de Andrade AM, Loguercio AD. Durability of enamel bonding using one-step self-etch systems on ground and unground enamel. Oper Dent. 2009 Mar-Apr;34(2):181-91.
24. Yazici AR, Yildirim Z, Ertan A, Ozgunaltay G, Dayangac B, Antonson SA, et al. Bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives and their predecessors to ground versus unground enamel. Eur J Dent. 2012 Jul;6(3):280-6.
25. Jäggi M, Karlin S, Zitzmann NU, Rohr N. Shear bond strength of universal adhesives to human enamel and dentin. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2024 May;36(5):804-12.
26. Nozari A, Pakniyat Jahromi M, Haji Abbas Oghli F, Jowkar Z, Hamidi SA. Influence of different application modes of a universal adhesive system on the bond strength of bulk-fill composite resin to enamel and dentin in primary teeth. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2024 Aug;10(4):e947.
27. Shafiei F, Jowkar Z, Fekrazad R, Khalafi-Nezhad A. Micromorphology analysis and bond strength of two adhesives to Er,Cr:YSGG laser-prepared vs. bur-prepared fluorosed enamel. Microsc Res Tech. 2014 Oct;77(10):779-84.
28. Moritake N, Takamizawa T, Ishii R, Tsujimoto A, Barkmeier WW, Latta MA, et al. Effect of active application on bond durability of universal adhesives. Oper Dent. 2019 Mar/Apr;44(2):188-99.
2. Frankenberger R, Dudek MC, Winter J, Braun A, Krämer N, von Stein-Lausnitz M, et al. Amalgam alternatives critically evaluated: effect of long-term thermomechanical loading on marginal quality, wear, and fracture behavior. J Adhes Dent. 2020;22(1):107-16.
3. Latta MA, Tsujimoto A, Takamizawa T, Barkmeier WW. In vitro wear resistance of self-adhesive restorative materials. J Adhes Dent. 2020;22(1):59-64.
4. Rathke A, Pfefferkorn F, McGuire MK, Heard RH, Seemann R. One-year clinical results of restorations using a novel self-adhesive resin-based bulk-fill restorative. Sci Rep. 2022 Mar;12(1):3934.
5. Takamizawa T, Barkmeier WW, Tsujimoto A, Berry TP, Watanabe H, Erickson RL, et al. Influence of different etching modes on bond strength and fatigue strength to dentin using universal adhesive systems. Dent Mater. 2016 Feb;32(2):e9-21.
6. Takamizawa T, Barkmeier WW, Sai K, Tsujimoto A, Imai A, Erickson RL, et al. Influence of different smear layers on bond durability of self-etch adhesives. Dent Mater. 2018 Feb;34(2):246-59.
7. Latta MA, Radniecki SM. Bond strength of self-adhesive restorative materials affected by smear layer thickness but not dentin desiccation. J Adhes Dent. 2020;22(1):79-84.
8. Ibrahim IM, Elkassas DW, Yousry MM. Effect of EDTA and phosphoric Acid pretreatment on the bonding effectiveness of self-etch adhesives to ground enamel. Eur J Dent. 2010 Oct;4(4):418-28.
9. Elraggal A, Raheem IA, Holiel A, Alhotan A, Alshabib A, Silikas N, et al. Bond strength, microleakage, microgaps, and marginal adaptation of self-adhesive resin composites to tooth substrates with and without preconditioning with universal adhesives. J Adhes Dent. 2024 Feb;26:53-64.
10. Hoshika S, Kameyama A, Suyama Y, De Munck J, Sano H, Van Meerbeek B. GPDM- and 10-MDP-based self-etch adhesives bonded to bur-cut and uncut enamel - "immediate" and "aged" µTBS. J Adhes Dent. 2018;20(2):113-20.
11. El-Deeb HA, Mobarak EH. Microshear bond strength of high-viscosity glass-ionomer to normal and caries-affected dentin under simulated intrapulpal pressure. Oper Dent. 2018 Nov/Dec;43(6):665-73.
12. Alghamdi AA, Athamh S, Alzhrani R, Filemban H. Assessment of the micro-tensile bond strength of a novel bioactive dental restorative material (Surefil One). Polymers (Basel). 2024 May;16(11):1558.
13. Aldowsari MK, Alfawzan F, Alhaidari A, Alhogail N, Alshargi R, Bin Saleh S, et al. Comparison of shear bond strength of three types of adhesive materials used in the restoration of permanent molars after treatment with silver diamine fluoride: An in vitro study. Materials (Basel). 2023 Oct;16(21):6831.
14. François P, Remadi A, Le Goff S, Abdel-Gawad S, Attal JP, Dursun E. Flexural properties and dentin adhesion in recently developed self-adhesive bulk-fill materials. J Oral Sci. 2021 Mar;63(2):139-44.
15. Van Meerbeek B, Yoshihara K, Yoshida Y, Mine A, De Munck J, Van Landuyt KL. State of the art of self-etch adhesives. Dent Mater. 2011 Jan;27(1):17-28.
16. Choi AN, Lee JH, Son SA, Jung KH, Kwon YH, Park JK. Effect of dentin wetness on the bond strength of universal adhesives. Materials (Basel). 2017 Oct;10(11):1224.
17. Yoshihara K, Hayakawa S, Nagaoka N, Okihara T, Yoshida Y, Van Meerbeek B. Etching efficacy of self-etching functional monomers. J Dent Res. 2018 Aug;97(9):1010-6.
18. Saikaew P, Senawongse P, Chowdhury AA, Sano H, Harnirattisai C. Effect of smear layer and surface roughness on resin-dentin bond strength of self-etching adhesives. Dent Mater J. 2018 Nov;37(6):973-80.
19. Yao C, Ahmed MH, Zhang F, Mercelis B, Van Landuyt KL, Huang C, Vet al. Structural/chemical characterization and bond strength of a new self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative. J Adhes Dent. 2020;22(1):85-97.
20. Yao C, Ahmed MH, Okazaki Y, Van Landuyt KL, Huang C, Van Meerbeek B. Bonding efficacy of a new self-adhesive restorative onto flat dentin vs Class-I cavity-bottom dentin. J Adhes Dent. 2020;22(1):65-77.
21. Cieplik F, Hiller KA, Buchalla W, Federlin M, Scholz KJ. Randomized clinical split-mouth study on a novel self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative vs. a conventional bulk-fill composite for restoration of class II cavities - results after three years. J Dent. 2022 Oct;125:104275.
22. Yazici AR, Uslu Tekce A, Kutuk ZB. Comparative evaluation of different adhesive strategies of a universal adhesive in class II bulk-fill restorations: A 48-month randomized controlled trial. J Dent. 2022 Feb;117:103921.
23. Reis A, Moura K, Pellizzaro A, Dal-Bianco K, de Andrade AM, Loguercio AD. Durability of enamel bonding using one-step self-etch systems on ground and unground enamel. Oper Dent. 2009 Mar-Apr;34(2):181-91.
24. Yazici AR, Yildirim Z, Ertan A, Ozgunaltay G, Dayangac B, Antonson SA, et al. Bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives and their predecessors to ground versus unground enamel. Eur J Dent. 2012 Jul;6(3):280-6.
25. Jäggi M, Karlin S, Zitzmann NU, Rohr N. Shear bond strength of universal adhesives to human enamel and dentin. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2024 May;36(5):804-12.
26. Nozari A, Pakniyat Jahromi M, Haji Abbas Oghli F, Jowkar Z, Hamidi SA. Influence of different application modes of a universal adhesive system on the bond strength of bulk-fill composite resin to enamel and dentin in primary teeth. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2024 Aug;10(4):e947.
27. Shafiei F, Jowkar Z, Fekrazad R, Khalafi-Nezhad A. Micromorphology analysis and bond strength of two adhesives to Er,Cr:YSGG laser-prepared vs. bur-prepared fluorosed enamel. Microsc Res Tech. 2014 Oct;77(10):779-84.
28. Moritake N, Takamizawa T, Ishii R, Tsujimoto A, Barkmeier WW, Latta MA, et al. Effect of active application on bond durability of universal adhesives. Oper Dent. 2019 Mar/Apr;44(2):188-99.
| Issue | Vol 22 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| Keywords | ||
| Composite Resins Dental Enamel Shear Strength Smear Layer | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Jowkar ZJ, Shafiei F, Lotfhaghpanah Z, Sajedianfard Z, Hamidi SA. Influence of Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength of a Self-Adhesive Bulk-Fill Composite Resin to Cut and Uncut Enamel: An In-Vitro Study. Front Dent. 2025;22.
