Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Eyelets Bonded with a Self-Adhesive Moisture-Tolerant Resin Cement Under Isolation and with Blood and Saliva Contamination
bonding of orthodontic eyelets with a self-adhesive resin
Abstract
Objectives: Bonding of orthodontic attachments to enamel is essential in orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic eyelets to the enamel surface using a moisture-resistant self-adhesive resin cement under isolation in comparison with saliva and blood contamination.
Materials and Methods: This in vitro experimental study used 78 sound human premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes. Brackets were bonded to the teeth with either Transbond XT or Embrace WetBond in isolated conditions and also in presence of blood and saliva contamination. The samples were subjected to thermocycling, and then the SBS of the eyelets attached to the enamel was measured in each group. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also determined under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test, and Kruskal-Wallis test (alpha=0.05).
Results: The SBS of Transbond XT group was significantly higher than Embrace WetBond group under isolation and contamination with saliva and blood (P=0.000). In both adhesives, the SBS under isolated conditions was significantly higher than that in presence of blood and saliva contamination (P=0.000). There was a significant difference between the isolation and blood and saliva contamination groups regarding the ARI scores (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Transbond XT adhesive yielded a stronger bond than WetBond Embrace in both situations; however, it appears that Embrace WetBond can also provide satisfactory results and minimize enamel damage during debonding.
1. Abdelnaby YL, Al-Wakeel Eel S. Effect of early orthodontic force on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with different adhesive systems. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Aug;138(2):208-14.
2. Newman GV. Epoxy adhesives for orthodontic attachments: progress report. Am J Orthod. 1965 Dec;51(12):901-12.
3. Grandhi RK, Combe EC, Speidel TM. Shear bond strength of stainless steel orthodontic brackets with a moisture-insensitive primer. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Mar;119(3):251-5.
4. Zachrisson BJ. A posttreatment evaluation of direct bonding in orthodontics. Am J Orthod. 1977 Feb;71(2):173-89.
5. Trakyali G, Oztoprak MO. Plant extract ankaferd blood stopper effect on bond strength. Angle Orthod. 2010 May;80(3):570-4.
6. Sfondrini MF, Cacciafesta V, Scribante A, De Angelis M, Klersy C. Effect of blood contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with conventional and self-etching primers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Mar;125(3):357-60.
7. Feigal RJ, Hitt J, Splieth C. Retaining sealant on salivary contaminated enamel. J Am Dent Assoc. 1993 Mar;124(3):88-97.
8. Panigrahi A, Srilatha KT, Panigrahi RG, Mohanty S, Bhuyan SK, Bardhan D. Microtensile Bond Strength of Embrace Wetbond Hydrophilic Sealant in Different Moisture Contamination: An In-Vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Jul;9(7):ZC23-5.
9. D'Alpino P, Araújo R, González A, Hipólito V, Valduga CJ, Dos Santos D, et al. Inorganic characterizations and filler particles morphology of self-adhesive cements. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2016 Jul;68:62-9.
10. Ku J, Lee J, Ra J. In Vitro Evaluation of Microleakage and Penetration of Hydrophilic Sealants Applied on Dry and Moist Enamel. J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent. 2017 Aug;44:272-9.
11. D’Alpino PH, da Rocha Svizero N, Carrilho M. Self-adhering composites. Dental Composite Materials for Direct Restorations: Springer; 2018. p. 129-51.
12. Sharifi N, Mohammadi Z, Arab S, Shojaee M, Vafadoost F, Zakerzadeh A. Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with a Self-Adhering Composite in Dry and Saliva-Contaminated Conditions. Front Dent. 2022 Jan 25;19:5.
13. Hafez AM, Nassar EA. The effect of saliva and blood contamination on the bond characteristics of metal bracket bonded by light cured cyanoacrylate adhesive. Egypt Dent J. 2018 Jan;64(1):69-75.
14. BUONOCORE MG. A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surfaces. J Dent Res. 1955 Dec;34(6):849-53.
15. Tiwari A, Shyagali T, Kohli S, Joshi R, Gupta A, Tiwari R. Effect of Dental Chair Light on Enamel Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets Using Light Cure Based Adhesive System: An In-Vitro Study. Acta Inform Med. 2016 Oct;24(5):317-321.
16. Bishara SE, Khowassah MA, Oesterle LJ. Effect of humidity and temperature changes on orthodontic direct-bonding adhesive systems. J Dent Res. 1975 Jul-Aug;54(4):751-8.
17. Santos BM, Pithon MM, Ruellas AC, Sant'Anna EF. Shear bond strength of brackets bonded with hydrophilic and hydrophobic bond systems under contamination. Angle Orthod. 2010 Sep;80(5):963-7.
18. Tavas MA, Watts DC. Bonding of orthodontic brackets by transillumination of a light activated composite: an in vitro study. Br J Orthod. 1979 Oct;6(4):207-8.
19. Ratre R, Jain S, Kulkarni G, Ratre MS. Effect of Air Drying on Shear Bond Strength after Contamination with Saliva and Blood. Int j oral care res. 2018;6(1):40-36.
20. Safar Ali ZNJ, Geramy A, Heidari S, Ghadirian H. Shear bond strength of APC Plus adhesive coated appliance system to enamel in wet and dry conditions: An in vitro study. Int Orthod. 2021 Mar;19(1):130-136.
21. Evangelina IA, Hambali T, Thahar B, Salim J. Comparison of shear bond strength of light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer and moist insensitive primer on contaminated enamel. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2019;550:012040.
22. Prasad M, Mohamed S, Nayak K, Shetty SK, Talapaneni AK. Effect of moisture, saliva, and blood contamination on the shear bond strength of brackets bonded with a conventional bonding system and self-etched bonding system. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2014 Jan;5(1):123-9.
23. Oztoprak MO, Isik F, Sayinsu K, Arun T, Aydemir B. Effect of blood and saliva contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with 4 adhesives. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Feb;131(2):238-42.
24. Khanehmasjedi M, Naseri MA, Khanehmasjedi S, Basir L. Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded with two different bonding agents under dry conditions and with saliva contamination. J Chin Med Assoc. 2017 Feb;80(2):103-108.
25. Maia SR, Cavalli V, Liporoni PC, do Rego MA. Influence of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with self-etching adhesive systems. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Jul;138(1):79-83.
26. Sfondrini MF, Fraticelli D, Gandini P, Scribante A. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and disinclusion buttons: effect of water and saliva contamination. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:180137.
27. Shaik JA, Reddy RK, Bhagyalakshmi K, Shah MJ, Madhavi O, Ramesh SV. In vitro Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with Different Adhesives. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018 Apr-Jun;9(2):289-292.
28. Robaski AW, Pamato S, Tomás-de Oliveira M, Pereira JR. Effect of saliva contamination on cementation of orthodontic brackets using different adhesive systems. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017 Jul 1;9(7):e919-e924.
29. Güngör AY, Alkis H, Turkkahraman H. Effects of contamination by either blood or a hemostatic agent on the shear bond strength of orthodontic buttons. Korean J Orthod. 2013 Apr;43(2):96-100.
30. Hormati AA, Fuller JL, Denehy GE. Effects of contamination and mechanical disturbance on the quality of acid-etched enamel. J Am Dent Assoc. 1980 Jan;100(1):34-8.
31. Arici N, Bulut E. Shear bond strength of orthodontic attachments bonded to impacted teeth under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2014 Aug;17(3):170-7.
32. Brauchli L, Eichenberger M, Steineck M, Wichelhaus A. Influence of decontamination procedures on shear forces after contamination with blood or saliva. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Oct;138(4):435-441.
2. Newman GV. Epoxy adhesives for orthodontic attachments: progress report. Am J Orthod. 1965 Dec;51(12):901-12.
3. Grandhi RK, Combe EC, Speidel TM. Shear bond strength of stainless steel orthodontic brackets with a moisture-insensitive primer. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Mar;119(3):251-5.
4. Zachrisson BJ. A posttreatment evaluation of direct bonding in orthodontics. Am J Orthod. 1977 Feb;71(2):173-89.
5. Trakyali G, Oztoprak MO. Plant extract ankaferd blood stopper effect on bond strength. Angle Orthod. 2010 May;80(3):570-4.
6. Sfondrini MF, Cacciafesta V, Scribante A, De Angelis M, Klersy C. Effect of blood contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with conventional and self-etching primers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Mar;125(3):357-60.
7. Feigal RJ, Hitt J, Splieth C. Retaining sealant on salivary contaminated enamel. J Am Dent Assoc. 1993 Mar;124(3):88-97.
8. Panigrahi A, Srilatha KT, Panigrahi RG, Mohanty S, Bhuyan SK, Bardhan D. Microtensile Bond Strength of Embrace Wetbond Hydrophilic Sealant in Different Moisture Contamination: An In-Vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Jul;9(7):ZC23-5.
9. D'Alpino P, Araújo R, González A, Hipólito V, Valduga CJ, Dos Santos D, et al. Inorganic characterizations and filler particles morphology of self-adhesive cements. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2016 Jul;68:62-9.
10. Ku J, Lee J, Ra J. In Vitro Evaluation of Microleakage and Penetration of Hydrophilic Sealants Applied on Dry and Moist Enamel. J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent. 2017 Aug;44:272-9.
11. D’Alpino PH, da Rocha Svizero N, Carrilho M. Self-adhering composites. Dental Composite Materials for Direct Restorations: Springer; 2018. p. 129-51.
12. Sharifi N, Mohammadi Z, Arab S, Shojaee M, Vafadoost F, Zakerzadeh A. Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with a Self-Adhering Composite in Dry and Saliva-Contaminated Conditions. Front Dent. 2022 Jan 25;19:5.
13. Hafez AM, Nassar EA. The effect of saliva and blood contamination on the bond characteristics of metal bracket bonded by light cured cyanoacrylate adhesive. Egypt Dent J. 2018 Jan;64(1):69-75.
14. BUONOCORE MG. A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surfaces. J Dent Res. 1955 Dec;34(6):849-53.
15. Tiwari A, Shyagali T, Kohli S, Joshi R, Gupta A, Tiwari R. Effect of Dental Chair Light on Enamel Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets Using Light Cure Based Adhesive System: An In-Vitro Study. Acta Inform Med. 2016 Oct;24(5):317-321.
16. Bishara SE, Khowassah MA, Oesterle LJ. Effect of humidity and temperature changes on orthodontic direct-bonding adhesive systems. J Dent Res. 1975 Jul-Aug;54(4):751-8.
17. Santos BM, Pithon MM, Ruellas AC, Sant'Anna EF. Shear bond strength of brackets bonded with hydrophilic and hydrophobic bond systems under contamination. Angle Orthod. 2010 Sep;80(5):963-7.
18. Tavas MA, Watts DC. Bonding of orthodontic brackets by transillumination of a light activated composite: an in vitro study. Br J Orthod. 1979 Oct;6(4):207-8.
19. Ratre R, Jain S, Kulkarni G, Ratre MS. Effect of Air Drying on Shear Bond Strength after Contamination with Saliva and Blood. Int j oral care res. 2018;6(1):40-36.
20. Safar Ali ZNJ, Geramy A, Heidari S, Ghadirian H. Shear bond strength of APC Plus adhesive coated appliance system to enamel in wet and dry conditions: An in vitro study. Int Orthod. 2021 Mar;19(1):130-136.
21. Evangelina IA, Hambali T, Thahar B, Salim J. Comparison of shear bond strength of light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer and moist insensitive primer on contaminated enamel. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2019;550:012040.
22. Prasad M, Mohamed S, Nayak K, Shetty SK, Talapaneni AK. Effect of moisture, saliva, and blood contamination on the shear bond strength of brackets bonded with a conventional bonding system and self-etched bonding system. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2014 Jan;5(1):123-9.
23. Oztoprak MO, Isik F, Sayinsu K, Arun T, Aydemir B. Effect of blood and saliva contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with 4 adhesives. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Feb;131(2):238-42.
24. Khanehmasjedi M, Naseri MA, Khanehmasjedi S, Basir L. Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded with two different bonding agents under dry conditions and with saliva contamination. J Chin Med Assoc. 2017 Feb;80(2):103-108.
25. Maia SR, Cavalli V, Liporoni PC, do Rego MA. Influence of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with self-etching adhesive systems. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Jul;138(1):79-83.
26. Sfondrini MF, Fraticelli D, Gandini P, Scribante A. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and disinclusion buttons: effect of water and saliva contamination. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:180137.
27. Shaik JA, Reddy RK, Bhagyalakshmi K, Shah MJ, Madhavi O, Ramesh SV. In vitro Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with Different Adhesives. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018 Apr-Jun;9(2):289-292.
28. Robaski AW, Pamato S, Tomás-de Oliveira M, Pereira JR. Effect of saliva contamination on cementation of orthodontic brackets using different adhesive systems. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017 Jul 1;9(7):e919-e924.
29. Güngör AY, Alkis H, Turkkahraman H. Effects of contamination by either blood or a hemostatic agent on the shear bond strength of orthodontic buttons. Korean J Orthod. 2013 Apr;43(2):96-100.
30. Hormati AA, Fuller JL, Denehy GE. Effects of contamination and mechanical disturbance on the quality of acid-etched enamel. J Am Dent Assoc. 1980 Jan;100(1):34-8.
31. Arici N, Bulut E. Shear bond strength of orthodontic attachments bonded to impacted teeth under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2014 Aug;17(3):170-7.
32. Brauchli L, Eichenberger M, Steineck M, Wichelhaus A. Influence of decontamination procedures on shear forces after contamination with blood or saliva. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Oct;138(4):435-441.
| Issue | Vol 22 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| Keywords | ||
| Blood Dental Cements Saliva Shear Strength | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Tanbakuchi B, Valizadeh S, Tariverdi N. Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Eyelets Bonded with a Self-Adhesive Moisture-Tolerant Resin Cement Under Isolation and with Blood and Saliva Contamination. Front Dent. 2025;22.
