Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient with Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Report of a Case and Literature Review
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a bone marrow clonal stem cell disorder characterized by the inability of immature blood cells to mature. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been previously reported in MDS patients without underlying diseases. We present a case of poorly differentiated OSCC in a 27-year-old patient with MDS. A literature review revealed 11 case reports about solid tumors in different organs of MDS patients. Among these, 5 articles reported head and neck carcinoma but none of them reported oral cancer in MDS patients. MDS predisposes patients to hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignancies. The oral cavity is one of the critical sites that needs to be examined periodically and regularly in MDS patients to detect OSCC in its early stages.
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2. Steensma DP, Bennett JM. The myelodysplastic syndromes: diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 Jan;81(1):104-30.
3. Adès L, Itzykson R, Fenaux P. Myelodysplastic syndromes. Lancet. 2014 Jun 28;383(9936):2239-52.
4. Bersanelli M, Travaglino E, Meggendorfer M, Matteuzzi T, Sala C, Mosca E, et al. Classification and Personalized Prognostic Assessment on the Basis of Clinical and Genomic Features in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Apr 10;39(11):1223.
5. Otsuka Y, Konishi T, Nara S, Furushima K, Nakajima K, Shimada H. Secondary myelodysplastic syndrome after small cell lung cancer and esophageal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Sep;20(9):1318-21.
6. Mukherjee S, Reddy CA, Ciezki JP, Abdel-Wahab M, Tiu RV, Copelan E, et al. Risk for developing myelodysplastic syndromes in prostate cancer patients definitively treated with radiation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014 Mar;106(3):djt462.
7. Breslow NE, Lange JM, Friedman DL, Green DM, Hawkins MM, Murphy MF, et al. Secondary malignant neoplasms after Wilms tumor: an international collaborative study. Int J Cancer. 2010 Aug 1;127(3):657-66.
8. Vlachos A, Rosenberg PS, Kang J, Atsidaftos E, Alter BP, Lipton JM. Myelodysplastic syndrome and gastrointestinal carcinomas characterize the cancer risk in Diamond Blackfan anemia: a report from the Diamond Blackfan Anemia Registry. Blood 2016 Dec,128(22):333.
9. Beckham TH, Leeman J, Jillian Tsai C, Riaz N, Sherman E, Singh B, et al. Treatment modalities and outcomes of Fanconi anemia patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Series of 9 cases and review of the literature. Head Neck. 2019 May;41(5):1418-26.
10. Johnson DE, Burtness B, Leemans CR, Lui VWY, Bauman JE, Grandis JR. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020 Nov;6(1):92.
11. Lindenblatt Rde C, Martinez GL, Silva LE, Faria PS, Camisasca DR, Lourenço Sde Q. Oral squamous cell carcinoma grading systems--analysis of the best survival predictor. J Oral Pathol Med. 2012 Jan;41(1):34-9.
12. Shaikh MH, Barrett JW, Khan MI, Kim HAJ, Zeng PYF, Mymryk JS, et al. Chromosome 3p loss in the progression and prognosis of head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol. 2020 Aug 19;109:104944.
13. Mortaz E, Tabarsi P, Mansouri D, Khosravi A, Garssen J, Velayati A, et al. Cancers related to immunodeficiencies: Update and perspectives. Front Immunol. 2016 Sep;7:365.
14. Bota JP, Lyons AB, Carroll BT. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip-A review of squamous cell carcinogenesis of the mucosal and cutaneous junction. Dermatol Surg. 2017 Apr;43(4):494-506.
15. Jin C, Jin Y, Wennerberg J, Akervall J, Dictor M, Mertens F. Karyotypic heterogeneity and clonal evolution in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2002 Jan;132(2):85-96.
16. Ribeiro IP, Carreira IM, Esteves L, Caramelo F, Liehr T, Melo JB. Chromosomal breakpoints in a cohort of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Genomics. 2020 Jan;112(1):297-303.
17. Ribeiro IP, Esteves L, Santos A, Barroso L, Marques F, Caramelo F, et al. A seven-gene signature to predict the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene. 2021 Jun;40(22):3859-3869.
18. Gawas NP, Navarange SS, Chovatiya GL, Chaturvedi P, Waghmare SK. Establishment and characterization of novel human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines from advanced‑stage tumors of buccal mucosa. Oncol Rep. 2019 Apr;41(4):2289-98.
19. Yamashita Y, Miyakawa A, Mochida Y, Aisaki K, Yama M, Shiiba M, et al. Genetic aberration on chromosome 10 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol. 2002 Mar;20(3):595-8.
20. Iwahara Y, Ishii K, Watanabe S, Taguchi H, Hara H, Miyoshi I. Bloom's syndrome complicated by myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple neoplasia. Intern Med. 1993 May;32(5):399-402.
21. Arai Y, Hirose N, Yamamura K, Nagai M, Jang H, Hattori Y, et al. A patient with genetic deletion of glutathione-S-transferase T1 and M1 who developed non-small-cell lung cancer and myelodysplastic syndromes. Am J Med Sci. 1999 Dec;318(6):424-7.
22. Kamihara Y, Sato Y, Takada K, Okagawa Y, Iyama S, Sato T, et al. [Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome as a late adverse event of definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal and oropharyngeal cancer]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi. 2015;112(9):1664-73.
23. Wang R, Zeidan AM, Yu JB, Soulos PR, Davidoff AJ, Gore SD, et al. Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A population-based study. Prostate. 2017 Apr;77(5):437-45.
24. Shenoy N, Mudireddy M, Vallapureddy R, Leung N, Pagliaro L, Witzig T, et al. Association between renal cell carcinoma and myelodysplastic syndromes: epigenetic underpinning? Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2018 Dec;16(6):e1117-22.
25. Liu L, Liu X, Sun Y, Zeng Y, Tang X, Li X, et al. Esophageal squamous cell cancer coincides with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myelogenous leukemia: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett. 2020 Nov;20(5):266.
26. Feng Y, Chen X, Jiang K, Zhang D, Tao F, Ni D, et al. Secondary myelodysplastic syndromes identified via next-generation sequencing in a non-small cell lung cancer patient. BMC Med Genomics. 2021 Dec;14(1):299.
27. Imamura H, Tamura S, Hattori H, Kidogami S, Mokutani Y, Kishimoto T, et al. Coexisting primary tumors from esophageal cancer and myelodysplastic syndromes: A case report. Clin Case Rep. 2021 Sep;9(9):e04872.
2. Steensma DP, Bennett JM. The myelodysplastic syndromes: diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 Jan;81(1):104-30.
3. Adès L, Itzykson R, Fenaux P. Myelodysplastic syndromes. Lancet. 2014 Jun 28;383(9936):2239-52.
4. Bersanelli M, Travaglino E, Meggendorfer M, Matteuzzi T, Sala C, Mosca E, et al. Classification and Personalized Prognostic Assessment on the Basis of Clinical and Genomic Features in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Apr 10;39(11):1223.
5. Otsuka Y, Konishi T, Nara S, Furushima K, Nakajima K, Shimada H. Secondary myelodysplastic syndrome after small cell lung cancer and esophageal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Sep;20(9):1318-21.
6. Mukherjee S, Reddy CA, Ciezki JP, Abdel-Wahab M, Tiu RV, Copelan E, et al. Risk for developing myelodysplastic syndromes in prostate cancer patients definitively treated with radiation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014 Mar;106(3):djt462.
7. Breslow NE, Lange JM, Friedman DL, Green DM, Hawkins MM, Murphy MF, et al. Secondary malignant neoplasms after Wilms tumor: an international collaborative study. Int J Cancer. 2010 Aug 1;127(3):657-66.
8. Vlachos A, Rosenberg PS, Kang J, Atsidaftos E, Alter BP, Lipton JM. Myelodysplastic syndrome and gastrointestinal carcinomas characterize the cancer risk in Diamond Blackfan anemia: a report from the Diamond Blackfan Anemia Registry. Blood 2016 Dec,128(22):333.
9. Beckham TH, Leeman J, Jillian Tsai C, Riaz N, Sherman E, Singh B, et al. Treatment modalities and outcomes of Fanconi anemia patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Series of 9 cases and review of the literature. Head Neck. 2019 May;41(5):1418-26.
10. Johnson DE, Burtness B, Leemans CR, Lui VWY, Bauman JE, Grandis JR. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020 Nov;6(1):92.
11. Lindenblatt Rde C, Martinez GL, Silva LE, Faria PS, Camisasca DR, Lourenço Sde Q. Oral squamous cell carcinoma grading systems--analysis of the best survival predictor. J Oral Pathol Med. 2012 Jan;41(1):34-9.
12. Shaikh MH, Barrett JW, Khan MI, Kim HAJ, Zeng PYF, Mymryk JS, et al. Chromosome 3p loss in the progression and prognosis of head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol. 2020 Aug 19;109:104944.
13. Mortaz E, Tabarsi P, Mansouri D, Khosravi A, Garssen J, Velayati A, et al. Cancers related to immunodeficiencies: Update and perspectives. Front Immunol. 2016 Sep;7:365.
14. Bota JP, Lyons AB, Carroll BT. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip-A review of squamous cell carcinogenesis of the mucosal and cutaneous junction. Dermatol Surg. 2017 Apr;43(4):494-506.
15. Jin C, Jin Y, Wennerberg J, Akervall J, Dictor M, Mertens F. Karyotypic heterogeneity and clonal evolution in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2002 Jan;132(2):85-96.
16. Ribeiro IP, Carreira IM, Esteves L, Caramelo F, Liehr T, Melo JB. Chromosomal breakpoints in a cohort of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Genomics. 2020 Jan;112(1):297-303.
17. Ribeiro IP, Esteves L, Santos A, Barroso L, Marques F, Caramelo F, et al. A seven-gene signature to predict the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene. 2021 Jun;40(22):3859-3869.
18. Gawas NP, Navarange SS, Chovatiya GL, Chaturvedi P, Waghmare SK. Establishment and characterization of novel human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines from advanced‑stage tumors of buccal mucosa. Oncol Rep. 2019 Apr;41(4):2289-98.
19. Yamashita Y, Miyakawa A, Mochida Y, Aisaki K, Yama M, Shiiba M, et al. Genetic aberration on chromosome 10 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol. 2002 Mar;20(3):595-8.
20. Iwahara Y, Ishii K, Watanabe S, Taguchi H, Hara H, Miyoshi I. Bloom's syndrome complicated by myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple neoplasia. Intern Med. 1993 May;32(5):399-402.
21. Arai Y, Hirose N, Yamamura K, Nagai M, Jang H, Hattori Y, et al. A patient with genetic deletion of glutathione-S-transferase T1 and M1 who developed non-small-cell lung cancer and myelodysplastic syndromes. Am J Med Sci. 1999 Dec;318(6):424-7.
22. Kamihara Y, Sato Y, Takada K, Okagawa Y, Iyama S, Sato T, et al. [Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome as a late adverse event of definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal and oropharyngeal cancer]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi. 2015;112(9):1664-73.
23. Wang R, Zeidan AM, Yu JB, Soulos PR, Davidoff AJ, Gore SD, et al. Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A population-based study. Prostate. 2017 Apr;77(5):437-45.
24. Shenoy N, Mudireddy M, Vallapureddy R, Leung N, Pagliaro L, Witzig T, et al. Association between renal cell carcinoma and myelodysplastic syndromes: epigenetic underpinning? Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2018 Dec;16(6):e1117-22.
25. Liu L, Liu X, Sun Y, Zeng Y, Tang X, Li X, et al. Esophageal squamous cell cancer coincides with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myelogenous leukemia: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett. 2020 Nov;20(5):266.
26. Feng Y, Chen X, Jiang K, Zhang D, Tao F, Ni D, et al. Secondary myelodysplastic syndromes identified via next-generation sequencing in a non-small cell lung cancer patient. BMC Med Genomics. 2021 Dec;14(1):299.
27. Imamura H, Tamura S, Hattori H, Kidogami S, Mokutani Y, Kishimoto T, et al. Coexisting primary tumors from esophageal cancer and myelodysplastic syndromes: A case report. Clin Case Rep. 2021 Sep;9(9):e04872.
| Issue | Vol 22 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Case Report | |
| Keywords | ||
| Myelodysplastic Syndromes Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Omidsalar P, Moradzadeh Khiavi M, Sheykhbahaei N. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient with Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Report of a Case and Literature Review. Front Dent. 2025;22.
