Thermal Stability and Monomer Elution of Bulk Fill Composite Resins Cured from Different Irradiation Distances
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the thermal stability and monomer elution of bulk fill composite resins cured at different irradiation distances.
Materials and Methods: Forty cylindrical-shaped (3×4mm) specimens were fabricated from two composite resins (X-tra fil, X-tra base) and cured from 0 and 7mm distances. In 9 specimens, the degree of conversion was determined by the release of monomers. For this purpose, after curing of composites, they were immersed in 5 mL of 99.9% methanol and stored at 37°C for 24h. The eluted monomer was then analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Also, thermal stability of one sample from each group was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at a rate of 10°C/min. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (P<0.05).
Results: X-tra fil had significantly higher degree of conversion than X-tra base (P=0.001). Specimens cured at 7mm distance had significantly lower degree of conversion compared with those cured at 0 mm distance (P=0.001). The interaction effect of composite type and distance of light curing unit from the surface of samples was statistically significant (P=0.001). Regarding the TGA results, the lowest and the highest percentages of weight loss were detected in X-tra fil cured at 0 mm distance and X-tra base cured at 7mm distance, respectively.
Conclusion: X-tra fil composite cured at 0mm distance had the highest degree of conversion and thermal stability, and X-tra base composite cured at 7mm distance had the lowest values.
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3. Alrahlah A, Silikas N, Watts DC. Hygroscopic expansion kinetics of dental resin-composites. Dent Mater. 2014 Feb;30(2):143-8.
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5. Li X, Pongprueksa P, Van Meerbeek B, De Munck J. Curing profile of bulk-fill resin-based composites. J Dent. 2015 Jun;43(6):664-72.
6. Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Duca RC, Poels K, Covaci A, Hoet P, et al. Monomer elution in relation to degree of conversion for different types of composite. J Dent. 2015 Dec;43(12):1448-55.
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15. Durner J, Schrickel K, Watts DC, Ilie N. Determination of Homologous Distributions of bisEMA Dimethacrylates in Bulk-Fill Resin-Composites by GC-MS. Dent Mater. 2015 Apr;31(4):473-80.
16. Rothmund L, Reichla FX, Hickela R, Stylloua P, Styllou M, Kehe K, et al. Effect of layer thickness on the elution of bulk-fill composite components. Dent Mater. 2017 Jan;33(1):54-62.
17. Ilie N, Stark K. Effect of different curing protocols on the mechanical properties of low-viscosity bulk-fill composites. Clin Oral Investig. 2015 Mar;19(2):271-9.
18. Shortall A, El-Mahy W, Stewardson D, Addison O, Palin W. Initial fracture resistance and curing temperature rise of ten contemporary resin-based composites with increasing radiant exposure. J Dent. 2013 May;41(5):455-63.
19. Karabela MM, Sideridou ID. Synthesis and study of physical properties of dental light-cured nanocomposites using different amounts of a urethane dimethacrylate trialkoxysilane coupling agent. Dent Mater. 2011 Nov;27(11):1144-52.
20. Garoushi S, Vallittu PK, Lassila LV. Depth of cure and surface microhardness of experimental short fiber-reinforced composite. Acta Odontol Scand. 2008 Feb;66(1):38-42.
21. Abed YA, Sabry HA, Alrobeigy NA. Degree of conversion and surface hardness of bulk-fill composite versus incremental-fill composite. Tanta Dent J. 2015 Jan;12(2):71-80.
22. Stanislawski L, Lefeuvre M, Bourd K, Soheili-Majd E, Goldberg M, Périanin A. TEGDMA-induced toxicity in human fibroblasts is associated with early and drastic glutathione depletion with subsequent production of oxygen reactive species. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2003 Sep;66(3): 476-82.
23. Aromaa MK, Lassila LVJ, Vallittu PK. Effect of distance on light transmission through polymerized resin composite. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2017 Sep;25(3):131-5.
24. Ilie N, Keßler A, Durner J. Influence of various irradiation processes on the mechanical properties and polymerisation kinetics of bulk-fill resin based composites. J Dent. 2013 Aug;41(8):695-702.
25. x-tra fill: Instructions for use. Available at: https://www.voco.dental/en/portaldata/1/resources/products/instructions-for-use/e1/x-tra-fil_ifu_e1.pdf
26. x-tra base: Instructions for use. Available at: https://www.voco.dental/en/portaldata/1/resources/products/instructions-for-use/e1/x-tra-base_ifu_e1.pdf
27. Alshali RZ, Silikas N, Satterthwaite JD. Degree of conversion of bulk-fill compared to conventional resin-composites at two time intervals. Dent Mater. 2013 Sep;29(9):e213-7.
28. Papadogiannis D, Tolidis K, Gerasimou P, Lakes R, Papadogiannis Y. Viscoelastic properties, creep behavior and degree of conversion of bulk fill composite resins. Dent Mater. 2015 Dec;31(12):1533-41.
29. Abo El Naga A, Fayez Bahgat S, Basheer RR, Yousef MK, Alshawwa LA. Effect of different light-curing units and modes on the degree of conversion of different resin composites. Egypt Dent J. 2015 Apr; 61(2):1695-706.
30. Cornelio RB, Wikant A, Mjøsund H, Kopperud HM, Haasum J, Gedde UW, et al. The Influence of bis-EMA vs Bis GMA on the Degree of Conversion and Water Susceptibility of Experimental Composite Materials. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014 Aug;72(6):440-7.
31. Leprince JG, Palin WM, Vanacker J, Sabbagh J, Devaux J, Leloup G. Physico-mechanical characteristics of commercially available bulk-fill composites. J Dent. 2014 Aug;42(8):993-1000.
32. Ilie N, Bucuta S, Draenert M. Bulk-fill resin-based composites: An in vitro assessment of their mechanical performance. Oper Dent. 2013 Nov-Dec;38(6):618-25.
33. Liu Q, Ding J, Chambers DE, Debnath S, Wunder SL, Baran GR. Filler-coupling agent-matrix interactions in silica/polymethyl methacrylate composites. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001 Dec;57(3):384–93.
2. Alshali RZ, Salim NA, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. Post-irradiation hardness development, chemical softening and thermal stability of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites. J Dent. 2015 Feb;43(2):209-18.
3. Alrahlah A, Silikas N, Watts DC. Hygroscopic expansion kinetics of dental resin-composites. Dent Mater. 2014 Feb;30(2):143-8.
4. Aguiar FH, Andrade KR, Leite Lima DA, Ambrosano GM, Lovadino JR. Influence of light curing and sample thickness on microhardness of a composite resin. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2009 May;6(1):21-5.
5. Li X, Pongprueksa P, Van Meerbeek B, De Munck J. Curing profile of bulk-fill resin-based composites. J Dent. 2015 Jun;43(6):664-72.
6. Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Duca RC, Poels K, Covaci A, Hoet P, et al. Monomer elution in relation to degree of conversion for different types of composite. J Dent. 2015 Dec;43(12):1448-55.
7. Van Ende A, De Munck J, Lise DP, Van Meerbeek B. Bulk-Fill composites: A review of the current literature. J Adhes Dent. 2017;19(2):95-109.
8. Sousa-Lima RX, Silva L, Chaves L, Geraldeli S, Alonso R, Borges B. Extensive assessment of the physical, mechanical and adhesion behavior of a low-viscosity bulk fill composite and a traditional resin composite in tooth cavities. Oper Dent. 2017 Sep/Oct;42(5):e159-66.
9. Tuna EB, Aktoren O, Oshida Y, Gencay K. Elution of residual monomers from dental composite materials. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2010 Sep;11(3):110-4.
10. Thomé T, Steagall W Jr, Tachibana A, Braga SR, Turbino ML. Influence of the distance of the curing light source and composite shade on hardness of two composites. Appl Oral Sci. 2007 Dec;15(6):486-91.
11. Ferracane JL. Hygroscopic and hydrolytic effects in dental polymer networks. Dent Mater. 2006 Mar;22(3):211-22.
12. Price DM, Hourston DJ, Dumont F. Thermogravimetry of Polymers, in Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, 2000: 8094-105.
13. Moldovan M, Balazsi R, Soanca A, Roman A, Sarosi C, Prodan D, et al. Evaluation of the degree of conversion, residual monomers and mechanical properties of some light-cured dental resin composites. Materials (Basel). 2019 Jun;12(13):2109.
14. Cebe MA, Cebe F, Cengiz MF, Cetin AR, Arpag OF, Ozturk B. Elution of monomer from different bulk fill dental composite resins. Dent Mater. 2015 Jul;31(7):e141-9.
15. Durner J, Schrickel K, Watts DC, Ilie N. Determination of Homologous Distributions of bisEMA Dimethacrylates in Bulk-Fill Resin-Composites by GC-MS. Dent Mater. 2015 Apr;31(4):473-80.
16. Rothmund L, Reichla FX, Hickela R, Stylloua P, Styllou M, Kehe K, et al. Effect of layer thickness on the elution of bulk-fill composite components. Dent Mater. 2017 Jan;33(1):54-62.
17. Ilie N, Stark K. Effect of different curing protocols on the mechanical properties of low-viscosity bulk-fill composites. Clin Oral Investig. 2015 Mar;19(2):271-9.
18. Shortall A, El-Mahy W, Stewardson D, Addison O, Palin W. Initial fracture resistance and curing temperature rise of ten contemporary resin-based composites with increasing radiant exposure. J Dent. 2013 May;41(5):455-63.
19. Karabela MM, Sideridou ID. Synthesis and study of physical properties of dental light-cured nanocomposites using different amounts of a urethane dimethacrylate trialkoxysilane coupling agent. Dent Mater. 2011 Nov;27(11):1144-52.
20. Garoushi S, Vallittu PK, Lassila LV. Depth of cure and surface microhardness of experimental short fiber-reinforced composite. Acta Odontol Scand. 2008 Feb;66(1):38-42.
21. Abed YA, Sabry HA, Alrobeigy NA. Degree of conversion and surface hardness of bulk-fill composite versus incremental-fill composite. Tanta Dent J. 2015 Jan;12(2):71-80.
22. Stanislawski L, Lefeuvre M, Bourd K, Soheili-Majd E, Goldberg M, Périanin A. TEGDMA-induced toxicity in human fibroblasts is associated with early and drastic glutathione depletion with subsequent production of oxygen reactive species. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2003 Sep;66(3): 476-82.
23. Aromaa MK, Lassila LVJ, Vallittu PK. Effect of distance on light transmission through polymerized resin composite. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2017 Sep;25(3):131-5.
24. Ilie N, Keßler A, Durner J. Influence of various irradiation processes on the mechanical properties and polymerisation kinetics of bulk-fill resin based composites. J Dent. 2013 Aug;41(8):695-702.
25. x-tra fill: Instructions for use. Available at: https://www.voco.dental/en/portaldata/1/resources/products/instructions-for-use/e1/x-tra-fil_ifu_e1.pdf
26. x-tra base: Instructions for use. Available at: https://www.voco.dental/en/portaldata/1/resources/products/instructions-for-use/e1/x-tra-base_ifu_e1.pdf
27. Alshali RZ, Silikas N, Satterthwaite JD. Degree of conversion of bulk-fill compared to conventional resin-composites at two time intervals. Dent Mater. 2013 Sep;29(9):e213-7.
28. Papadogiannis D, Tolidis K, Gerasimou P, Lakes R, Papadogiannis Y. Viscoelastic properties, creep behavior and degree of conversion of bulk fill composite resins. Dent Mater. 2015 Dec;31(12):1533-41.
29. Abo El Naga A, Fayez Bahgat S, Basheer RR, Yousef MK, Alshawwa LA. Effect of different light-curing units and modes on the degree of conversion of different resin composites. Egypt Dent J. 2015 Apr; 61(2):1695-706.
30. Cornelio RB, Wikant A, Mjøsund H, Kopperud HM, Haasum J, Gedde UW, et al. The Influence of bis-EMA vs Bis GMA on the Degree of Conversion and Water Susceptibility of Experimental Composite Materials. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014 Aug;72(6):440-7.
31. Leprince JG, Palin WM, Vanacker J, Sabbagh J, Devaux J, Leloup G. Physico-mechanical characteristics of commercially available bulk-fill composites. J Dent. 2014 Aug;42(8):993-1000.
32. Ilie N, Bucuta S, Draenert M. Bulk-fill resin-based composites: An in vitro assessment of their mechanical performance. Oper Dent. 2013 Nov-Dec;38(6):618-25.
33. Liu Q, Ding J, Chambers DE, Debnath S, Wunder SL, Baran GR. Filler-coupling agent-matrix interactions in silica/polymethyl methacrylate composites. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001 Dec;57(3):384–93.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 18 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v18i9.6102 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Composite Resins Triethylene Glycol Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Jafari Navimipour E, Pournaghi Azar F, Keshipour S, Nadervand S. Thermal Stability and Monomer Elution of Bulk Fill Composite Resins Cured from Different Irradiation Distances. Front Dent. 2021;18.
