Original Article

Correlation of Ora Test and Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment Index (CAST) to Evaluate Caries Activity in 5-to-8-Year-Old Children

Caries Activity Evaluation in 5-8-Year-Olds

Abstract

Objectives: Dental caries is a common chronic disease amongst children and are typically evaluated using the DMFT/deft index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth for permanent dentition/decayed, extracted, and filled teeth for primary dentition). To address the limitations associated with these indices, alternative assessment tools such as the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index and Ora test have been developed. These methods aim to estimate caries activity within the oral cavity more accurately. The objective of our study was to evaluate and correlate caries activity in 5-to-8-year-old children using Ora test and CAST index.
Materials and Methods: Thirty schoolchildren between the ages of 5 and 8 years were selected and allocated into two groups (n=15) with DMFT/deft scores of <5 (group A) and >5 (group B). Two separate blinded examiners administered the assessments by first determining CAST scoring, which was followed by Ora test. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and significance was set at P≤0.05.
Results: The mean time for color change of Ora test, was 118.53±23.28 minutes in group A and 53.33±15.07 minutes in group B. CAST severity scores were 3.67±2.08 and 15.7±9.70 for groups A and B, respectively. Time taken for color change in Ora test and CAST scores showed a significant negative linear relationship (P=0.039).
Conclusion: Based on the negative correlation between CAST scores and Ora test, it may be postulated that microbial activity is directly related to caries activity in 5-to-8-year-old children.

1. Renuka P, Pushpanjali K, Sangeetha R. Review on “Influence of host genes on dental caries”. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2013;4(3):86-92.
2. Saxena S, Pundir S, Aena J. Oratest: a new concept to test caries activity. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2013 Jan-Mar;31(1):25-8.
3. Shyam R, Manjunath BC, Kumar A, Narang R, Goyal A, Piplani A. Assessment of Dental Caries Spectrum among 11 to 14-Year-Old School Going Children in India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jun;11(6):ZC78-ZC81.
4. Baginska J, Rodakowska E, Wilczko M, Kierklo A. Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) Index in the Primary Molars of 6- to 7-year-old Polish Children. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2016;14(1):85-92.
5. Baginska J, Rodakowska E, Milewski R, Kierklo A. Dental caries in primary and permanent molars in 7-8-year-old schoolchildren evaluated with Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index. BMC Oral Health. 2014 Jun 21;14:74.
6. Frencken JE, de Amorim RG, Faber J, Leal SC. The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index: rational and development. Int Dent J. 2011 Jun 1;61(3):117-23.
7. Rosenberg M, Barki M, Portnoy S. A simple method for estimating oral microbial levels. J Microbiol Method. 1989 Jun;9(4):253–256.
8. Marsh PD. Dental plaque as a biofilm and a microbial community - implications for health and disease. BMC Oral Health. 2006 Jun 15;6 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S14.
9. Bhasin S, Sudha P, Anegundi RT. Chair side simple caries activity test: Ora test. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2006 Jun;24(2):76-9.
10. Chandak S, Kesri R, Bhardwaj A. Milk, a simple tool to detect caries activity: oratest. Int J Prev Clin Dent Res. 2016;3(2):98-101.
11. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. International ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects. Bull Med Ethics. 2002 Oct;(182):17-23.
12. Williams JR. The Declaration of Helsinki and public health. Bull World Health Organ. 2008 Aug;86(8):650-2.
13. Gainneos PD, Selvam M, Vasaviah SK, Krishnan R. Correlation of ICDAS-LAA and Ora test for Caries Risk Assessment: A Cross-sectional Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019 May;11(Suppl 2):S240-S245.
14. Ribeiro APD, Maciel IP, de Souza Hilgert AL, Bronkhorst EM, Frencken JE, Leal SC. Caries assessment spectrum treatment: the severity score. Int Dent J. 2018 Apr;68(2):84-90. English.
15. Ambati SA, Kulkarni S, Doshi D, Reddy MP, Reddy S. Determining Caries Activity Using Oratest Among 12-to 15-year-old Children. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2018;16(1):93-96.
16. Rosenberg M, Barki M, Golberg S. The antimicrobial effect of mouth rinsing as measured using the Oratest. J Dent Res. 1989;68:661.
17. Kunte SS, Chaudhary S, Singh A, Chaudhary M. Evaluation and co-relation of the Oratest, colorimetric Snyder's test and salivary Streptococcus mutans count in children of age group of 6-8 years. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2013 Jul;3(2):59-66.
18. Patalay A, Shubhada C, Nadiger SL. Oratest:-a simple, chair-side caries activity test. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 1996 Mar;14(1):6-9.
19. Arora R, Lahiri PK, Masih U. Oratest: a simple chairside aid for caries risk assessment Int J Dent Clin. 2009;1(1):36–39.
20. Jauhari D, Srivastava N, Rana V, Chandna P. Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Fluoride Mouthrinse, Herbal Mouthrinse and Oil Pulling on the Caries Activity and Streptococcus mutans Count using Oratest and Dentocult SM Strip Mutans Kit. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2015 May-Aug;8(2):114-8.
21. Jain S, Bansal K, Marwaha M, Sehrawat N, Singla S. Effect of Diet Modification on Salivary Parameters and Oratest in High-caries-risk Individuals. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2018 Jan-Feb;11(1):34-39.
22. Ledder RG, Latimer J, Buzza KM, Haddad GS, Wilson RA, Sreenivasan PK, et al. A rapid chair-side method for the estimation of oral bacterial colonization density. J Appl Microbiol. 2020 Mar;128(3):884-892.
23. Anchala K, Challa R, Vadaganadham Y, Kamatham R, Deepak V, Nuvvula S. Assessment of dental caries in primary dentition employing caries assessment spectrum and treatment index. J Orofacial Sci. 2016 Jul 1;8(2):115.
24. Leal SC, Ribeiro APD, Frencken JE. Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST): A Novel Epidemiological Instrument. Caries Res. 2017;51(5):500-506.
25. Phansopkar S, Hegde-Shetiya S, Devadiga A, Agrawal D, Mahuli A, Mittal-Mahuli S. Face and content validation of caries assessment spectrum and treatment index among few subject matter experts in India. Int J Dent Health Concern. 2015;1:01–06.
26. Castro ALS, Vianna MIP, Mendes CMC. Comparison of caries lesion detection methods in epidemiological surveys: CAST, ICDAS and DMF. BMC Oral Health. 2018 Jul 6;18(1):122.
27. Dogra S, Gupta A, Nagpal M. Comparative Evaluation of Prevalence of incipient white spot lesions in visually impaired children of Delhi NCR regionusing Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) criteria and International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS-II) score criteria. Pravara Med Rev. 2019 Jun 1;11(2).
28. Babaei A, Pakdaman A, Hessari H, Shamshiri AR. Oral health of 6-7 year-old children according to the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index. BMC Oral Health. 2019 Jan 17;19(1):20.
IssueVol 20 (Continuously Published Article-Based) QRcode
SectionOriginal Article
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v20i17.12763
Keywords
Dental Caries Activity Tests Dental Caries Pediatric Dentistry
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Kamble A, Katge F, Poojari M, Bhanushali P, Patil D, Nanavati K. Correlation of Ora Test and Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment Index (CAST) to Evaluate Caries Activity in 5-to-8-Year-Old Children. Front Dent. 2023;20.