Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Cell Viability Following Treatment with Different Concentrations of Green Tea, Aloe Vera and a Mixture of their Extracts
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Abstract
Objectives: Various studies have identified green tea and Aloe vera as a suitable medium for avulsed teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the viability of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts following treatment with the extracts of these two plants and their mixture.
Materials and Methods: Human PDL fibroblasts were purchased and treated with different concentrations of Aloe vera, green tea, and a combination of these two extracts. Hank’s balanced salt solution and culture medium were employed as positive and negative controls, respectively. Viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Two-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis (P<0.05).
Results: There was a significant difference in PDL fibroblast viability between different concentrations of the extracts. Higher concentrations of green tea and the combination of the two extracts significantly increased cell viability. Higher concentrations of Aloe vera had the least positive effect on maintaining the viability of these cells.
Conclusion: If confirmed by further studies, the combination of Aloe vera and green tea extracts might be considered as a suitable media for different purposes like storing avulsed teeth.
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2. Moazzami F, Asheghi B, Sahebi S. Effect of Four Different Media on Periodontal Ligament Cells Viability of Dry- Stored Dog Teeth. J Dent (Shiraz). 2017 Mar;18(1):24-29.
3. Maeda H, Tomokiyo A, Fujii S, Wada N, Akamine A. Promise of periodontal ligament stem cells in regeneration of periodontium. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2011 Jul 28;2(4):33.
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5. Jain D, Dasar PL, Nagarajappa S. Natural products as storage media for avulsed tooth. Saudi Endod J. 2015 May 1;5(2):107.
6. Badakhsh S, Eskandarian T, Esmaeilpour T. The use of aloe vera extract as a novel storage media for the avulsed tooth. Iran J Med Sci. 2014 Jul;39(4):327-32.
7. Babaji P, Melkundi M, Devanna R, S SB, Chaurasia VR, et al. In vitro comparative evaluation of different storage media (hank's balanced salt solution, propolis, Aloe vera, and pomegranate juice) for preservation of avulsed tooth. Eur J Dent. 2017 Jan-Mar;11(1):71-75.
8. Yang CS, Maliakal P, Meng X. Inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2002;42:25-54.
9. Hwang JY, Choi SC, Park JH, Kang SW. The use of green tea extract as a storage medium for the avulsed tooth. J Endod. 2011 Jul;37(7):962-7.
10. Yaghini J, Naghsh N, Sadeghi SM, Soltani S. Gingival inflammatory indices and dental stain index after using aloe vera-green tea mouthwash, matrica mouthwash, or 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash compared with placebo in patients with gingival inflammation. Open Dent J. 2019 Jun 30;13(1): 214-20.
11. Lee JH, Shim JS, Chung MS, Lim ST, Kim KH. In vitro anti-adhesive activity of green tea extract against pathogen adhesion. Phytother Res. 2009 Apr;23(4):460-6.
12. KC Y, Parajuli A, Khatri BB, Shiwakoti LD. Phytochemicals and quality of green and black teas from different clones of tea plant. J Food Quality. 2020 Jul 28;2020:1-13.
13. Yun JH, Pang EK, Kim CS, Yoo YJ, Cho KS, Chai JK, et al. Inhibitory effects of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and on the formation of osteoclasts. J Periodontal Res. 2004 Oct;39(5):300-7.
14. Navit S, Shahi N, Khan SA, Sharma A, Singh V, Mishra RP, et al. Nature's Benefaction as a Life Saver for an Avulsed Tooth: An In vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jun;11(6):ZC01-ZC04.
15. Sánchez M, González-Burgos E, Iglesias I, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Pharmacological Update Properties of Aloe Vera and its Major Active Constituents. Molecules. 2020 Mar 13;25(6):1324.
16. Nanci A, Ten Cate. Ten Cate's oral histology: development, structure, and function. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2012:54-56.
17. Miletich I, Sharpe PT. Neural crest contribution to mammalian tooth formation. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2004 Jun;72(2):200-12.
18. Lekic P, Rojas J, Birek C, Tenenbaum H, McCulloch CA. Phenotypic comparison of periodontal ligament cells in vivo and in vitro. J Periodontal Res. 2001 Apr;36(2):71-9.
19. Gronthos S, Mrozik K, Shi S, Bartold PM. Ovine periodontal ligament stem cells: isolation, characterization, and differentiation potential. Calcif Tissue Int. 2006 Nov;79(5):310-7.
20. Kushiyama M, Shimazaki Y, Murakami M, Yamashita Y. Relationship between intake of green tea and periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 2009 Mar;80(3):372-7.
21. Lee YL, Hong CY, Kok SH, Hou KL, Lin YT, Chen MH, et al. An extract of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, reduces periapical lesions by inhibiting cysteine-rich 61 expression in osteoblasts. J Endod. 2009 Feb;35(2):206-11.
22. Schramm L. Going Green: The Role of the Green Tea Component EGCG in Chemoprevention. J Carcinog Mutagen. 2013 May 20;4(142):1000142.
23. Desjardins J, Grenier D. Neutralizing effect of green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate on nicotine-induced toxicity and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 secretion in human oral epithelial cells and fibroblasts. J Investig Clin Dent. 2012 Aug;3(3):189-97.
24. Hu J, Webster D, Cao J, Shao A. The safety of green tea and green tea extract consumption in adults - Results of a systematic review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018 Jun;95:412-433.
25. Adeli F, Zabihi E, Abedian Z, Gharekhani S, Pouramir M, Khafri S, et al. Comparative in vitro study of the effectiveness of Green tea extract and common storage media on periodontal ligament fibroblast viability. Eur J Dent. 2016 Jul-Sep;10(3):408-412.
26. Shin BC, Ryu HH, Chung JH, Lee BR, Kim HL. The protective effects of green tea extract against L-arginine toxicity to cultured human mesangial cells. J Korean Med Sci. 2009 Jan;24 Suppl(Suppl 1):S204-9.
27. Sharma M, Sharma S, Reddy YG, Mittal R, Agarwal V, Singh C, et al. Evaluation of Periodontal Ligament Cell Viability in Three Different Storage Media: An in Vitro Study. J Dent (Tehran). 2015 Jul;12(7):524-31.
28. Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple DG. Aloe vera: a short review. Indian J Dermatol. 2008;53(4):163-6.
29. Fulzele P, Baliga S, Thosar N, Pradhan D. Evaluation of Aloevera Gel as a Storage Medium in Maintaining the Viability of Periodontal Ligament Cells - An in Vitro Study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016 Winter;40(1):49-52.
30. Carvalho NC, Guedes SAG, Albuquerque-Júnior RLC, de Albuquerque DS, de Souza Araújo AA, Paranhos LR, et al. Analysis of Aloe vera cytotoxicity and genotoxicity associated with endodontic medication and laser photobiomodulation. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2018 Jan;178:348-354.
31. Tudose A, Celia CH, Cardmone F, Vono M, Molinaro RO, Paolini D. Regenerative properties of Aloe Vera juice on human keratinocyte cell culture. Farmacia. 2009 Sep 1;57(5):590-7.
32. Curto EM, Labelle A, Chandler HL. Aloe vera: an in vitro study of effects on corneal wound closure and collagenase activity. Vet Ophthalmol. 2014 Nov;17(6):403-10.
2. Moazzami F, Asheghi B, Sahebi S. Effect of Four Different Media on Periodontal Ligament Cells Viability of Dry- Stored Dog Teeth. J Dent (Shiraz). 2017 Mar;18(1):24-29.
3. Maeda H, Tomokiyo A, Fujii S, Wada N, Akamine A. Promise of periodontal ligament stem cells in regeneration of periodontium. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2011 Jul 28;2(4):33.
4. Sigalas E, Regan JD, Kramer PR, Witherspoon DE, Opperman LA. Survival of human periodontal ligament cells in media proposed for transport of avulsed teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2004 Feb;20(1):21-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-4469.2004.00219.x. PMID: 14998411.
5. Jain D, Dasar PL, Nagarajappa S. Natural products as storage media for avulsed tooth. Saudi Endod J. 2015 May 1;5(2):107.
6. Badakhsh S, Eskandarian T, Esmaeilpour T. The use of aloe vera extract as a novel storage media for the avulsed tooth. Iran J Med Sci. 2014 Jul;39(4):327-32.
7. Babaji P, Melkundi M, Devanna R, S SB, Chaurasia VR, et al. In vitro comparative evaluation of different storage media (hank's balanced salt solution, propolis, Aloe vera, and pomegranate juice) for preservation of avulsed tooth. Eur J Dent. 2017 Jan-Mar;11(1):71-75.
8. Yang CS, Maliakal P, Meng X. Inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2002;42:25-54.
9. Hwang JY, Choi SC, Park JH, Kang SW. The use of green tea extract as a storage medium for the avulsed tooth. J Endod. 2011 Jul;37(7):962-7.
10. Yaghini J, Naghsh N, Sadeghi SM, Soltani S. Gingival inflammatory indices and dental stain index after using aloe vera-green tea mouthwash, matrica mouthwash, or 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash compared with placebo in patients with gingival inflammation. Open Dent J. 2019 Jun 30;13(1): 214-20.
11. Lee JH, Shim JS, Chung MS, Lim ST, Kim KH. In vitro anti-adhesive activity of green tea extract against pathogen adhesion. Phytother Res. 2009 Apr;23(4):460-6.
12. KC Y, Parajuli A, Khatri BB, Shiwakoti LD. Phytochemicals and quality of green and black teas from different clones of tea plant. J Food Quality. 2020 Jul 28;2020:1-13.
13. Yun JH, Pang EK, Kim CS, Yoo YJ, Cho KS, Chai JK, et al. Inhibitory effects of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and on the formation of osteoclasts. J Periodontal Res. 2004 Oct;39(5):300-7.
14. Navit S, Shahi N, Khan SA, Sharma A, Singh V, Mishra RP, et al. Nature's Benefaction as a Life Saver for an Avulsed Tooth: An In vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jun;11(6):ZC01-ZC04.
15. Sánchez M, González-Burgos E, Iglesias I, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Pharmacological Update Properties of Aloe Vera and its Major Active Constituents. Molecules. 2020 Mar 13;25(6):1324.
16. Nanci A, Ten Cate. Ten Cate's oral histology: development, structure, and function. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2012:54-56.
17. Miletich I, Sharpe PT. Neural crest contribution to mammalian tooth formation. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2004 Jun;72(2):200-12.
18. Lekic P, Rojas J, Birek C, Tenenbaum H, McCulloch CA. Phenotypic comparison of periodontal ligament cells in vivo and in vitro. J Periodontal Res. 2001 Apr;36(2):71-9.
19. Gronthos S, Mrozik K, Shi S, Bartold PM. Ovine periodontal ligament stem cells: isolation, characterization, and differentiation potential. Calcif Tissue Int. 2006 Nov;79(5):310-7.
20. Kushiyama M, Shimazaki Y, Murakami M, Yamashita Y. Relationship between intake of green tea and periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 2009 Mar;80(3):372-7.
21. Lee YL, Hong CY, Kok SH, Hou KL, Lin YT, Chen MH, et al. An extract of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, reduces periapical lesions by inhibiting cysteine-rich 61 expression in osteoblasts. J Endod. 2009 Feb;35(2):206-11.
22. Schramm L. Going Green: The Role of the Green Tea Component EGCG in Chemoprevention. J Carcinog Mutagen. 2013 May 20;4(142):1000142.
23. Desjardins J, Grenier D. Neutralizing effect of green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate on nicotine-induced toxicity and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 secretion in human oral epithelial cells and fibroblasts. J Investig Clin Dent. 2012 Aug;3(3):189-97.
24. Hu J, Webster D, Cao J, Shao A. The safety of green tea and green tea extract consumption in adults - Results of a systematic review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018 Jun;95:412-433.
25. Adeli F, Zabihi E, Abedian Z, Gharekhani S, Pouramir M, Khafri S, et al. Comparative in vitro study of the effectiveness of Green tea extract and common storage media on periodontal ligament fibroblast viability. Eur J Dent. 2016 Jul-Sep;10(3):408-412.
26. Shin BC, Ryu HH, Chung JH, Lee BR, Kim HL. The protective effects of green tea extract against L-arginine toxicity to cultured human mesangial cells. J Korean Med Sci. 2009 Jan;24 Suppl(Suppl 1):S204-9.
27. Sharma M, Sharma S, Reddy YG, Mittal R, Agarwal V, Singh C, et al. Evaluation of Periodontal Ligament Cell Viability in Three Different Storage Media: An in Vitro Study. J Dent (Tehran). 2015 Jul;12(7):524-31.
28. Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple DG. Aloe vera: a short review. Indian J Dermatol. 2008;53(4):163-6.
29. Fulzele P, Baliga S, Thosar N, Pradhan D. Evaluation of Aloevera Gel as a Storage Medium in Maintaining the Viability of Periodontal Ligament Cells - An in Vitro Study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016 Winter;40(1):49-52.
30. Carvalho NC, Guedes SAG, Albuquerque-Júnior RLC, de Albuquerque DS, de Souza Araújo AA, Paranhos LR, et al. Analysis of Aloe vera cytotoxicity and genotoxicity associated with endodontic medication and laser photobiomodulation. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2018 Jan;178:348-354.
31. Tudose A, Celia CH, Cardmone F, Vono M, Molinaro RO, Paolini D. Regenerative properties of Aloe Vera juice on human keratinocyte cell culture. Farmacia. 2009 Sep 1;57(5):590-7.
32. Curto EM, Labelle A, Chandler HL. Aloe vera: an in vitro study of effects on corneal wound closure and collagenase activity. Vet Ophthalmol. 2014 Nov;17(6):403-10.
| Issue | Vol 19 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v19i40.11901 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Fibroblasts Periodontal ligament Aloe Tea Cell survival | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Alavi SH, Rezvani G, Nasr Esfahani M, Nobakht Lahrood F. Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Cell Viability Following Treatment with Different Concentrations of Green Tea, Aloe Vera and a Mixture of their Extracts. Front Dent. 2022;19.
