Etiological Factors Involved in Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7 to 12-Year-Old Children in Tehran
Abstract
Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) lesions are common inchildren. The prevalence of MIH is variable in different communities. However, information regarding the prevalence of MIH in the Iranian population is limited. This study sought to assess the prevalence and etiological factors of MIH in 7-12- year-old children in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study evaluated 1028 elementary students between 7-12 years, selected from different districts of Tehran in 2017. The frequency of MIH in the maxillary and mandibular molars and incisors was determined by clinical examination. In order to assess the role of different
factors in the development of MIH, a questionnaire was filled out by the mothers regarding problems during their pregnancy, medical history of children, and age of occurrence of systemic conditions (if any). The effect of different factors on the development of MIH was analyzed by the logistic regression test.
Results: The prevalence of MIH was found to be 25.6%. The delivery condition of the mother (P<0.001), history of urinary tract infection (P<0.011), history of chickenpox (P<0.018), and frequent use of amoxicillin during childhood (P<0.041) significantly affected the occurrence of MIH. The most commonly involved teeth were the
mandibular left first molars.
Conclusion: The prevalence of MIH in our study population was within the range reported in the literature. Considering the relatively high prevalence of MIH in 7-12-year-old children, pediatric dentists should pay special attention to treatment of MIH.
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2. Weerheijm KL, Jälevik B, Alaluusua S. Molarincisor hypomineralisation. Caries Res. 2001 Sep- Oct;35(5):390-1.
3. Wu X, Wang J, Li YH, Yang ZY, Zhou Z. Association of molar incisor hypomineralization with premature birth or low birth weight: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 May;33(10):1700-8.
4. da Cunha Coelho ASE, Mata PCM, Lino CA, Macho VMP, Areias CMFGP, Norton APMAP, et al. Dental hypomineralization treatment: A systematic review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019 Jan;31(1):26-39.
5. Ghanim A, Silva MJ, Elfrink MEC, Lygidakis NA, Mariño RJ, Weerheijm KL, et al. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) training manual for clinical field surveys and practice. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2017 Aug;18(4):225-42.
6. Koruyucu M, Özel S, Tuna EB. Prevalence and etiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the city of Istanbul. J Dent Sci. 2018 Dec;13(4):318- 28.
7. Crombie F, Manton D, Kilpatrick N. Aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization: a critical review. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009 Mar;19(2):73-83.
8. Almeida LKY, Carvalho TS, Bussaneli DG, Jeremias F. Congenital and acquired defects in enamel of primary teeth: prevalence, severity and risk factors in Brazilian children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2021 Aug;22(4):715-23.
9. Almuallem Z, Busuttil-Naudi A. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) - an overview. Br Dent J. 2018 Oct 5.
10. Glodkowska N, Emerich K. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: prevalence and severity among children from Nothern Poland. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2019 Mar;20(1):59-66.
11. Cho SY, Ki Y, Chu V. Molar incisor hypomineralization in Hong Kong Chinese children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008 Sep;18(5):348-52.
12. Ahmadi R, Ramazani N, Nourinasab R. Molar incisor hypomineralization: a study of prevalence and etiology in a group of Iranian children. Iran J Pediatr. 2012 Jun;22(2):245-51.
13. Mehran M, Jalayer NN, Hosseini M. The prevalence of enamel defects and its influencing factors among incisors and permanent first molars in 8-9 year-old children of Tehran in 2004. Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran (Majallah-IDandanpizishki) 2006;17(4):114-20.
14. Zhao D, Dong B, Yu D, Ren Q, Sun Y. The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization: evidence from 70 studies. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2018 Mar;28(2):170-9.
15. Li L, Li J. [Investigation of molar-incisor hypomineralization among children from 6 to 11 years in Lucheng district, Wenzhou city]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2012 Oct;21(5):576-9. [Abstract Only]
16. Ng JJ, Eu OC, Nair R, Hong CH. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in Singaporean children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2015 Mar;25(2):73-8.
17. Sönmez H, Yıldırım G, Bezgin T. The prevalence and severity of molar incisor hypomineralization in a group of children living in Ankara Turkey. Clinical Dentistry and Research. 2013;37(1):33-40.
18. Vieira AR, Kup E. On the Etiology of Molar- Incisor Hypomineralization. Caries Res. 2016;50(2):166-9.
19. Yannam SD, Amarlal D, Rekha CV. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in school children aged 8-12 years in Chennai. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2016 Apr-Jun;34(2):134-8.
20. Mishra A, Pandey RK. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: An Epidemiological Study with Prevalence and Etiological Factors in Indian Pediatric Population. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016 Apr- Jun;9(2):167-71.
21. Wuollet E, Laisi S, Salmela E, Ess A, Alaluusua S. Molar-incisor hypomineralization and the association with childhood illnesses and antibiotics in a group of Finnish children. Acta Odontol Scand. 2016 Jul;74(5):416-22.
22. Silva MJ, Scurrah KJ, Craig JM, Manton DJ, Kilpatrick N. Etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization - A systematic review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2016 Aug;44(4):342-53.
23. Gurrusquieta BJ, Núñez VM, López ML. Prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Mexican Children. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017;41(1):18- 21.
24. de Lima Mde D, Andrade MJ, Dantas-Neta NB, Andrade NS, Teixeira RJ, de Moura MS, et al. Epidemiologic Study of Molar-incisor Hypomineralization in Schoolchildren in Northeastern Brazil. Pediatr Dent. 2015 Nov- Dec;37(7):513-9.
25. Allazzam SM, Alaki SM, El Meligy OA. Molar incisor hypomineralization, prevalence, and etiology. Int J Dent. 2014;2014:234508.
26. Ghanim A, Bagheri R, Golkari A, Manton D. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation: a prevalence study amongst primary schoolchildren of Shiraz, Iran. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2014 Apr;15(2):75-82.
27. Brogårdh-Roth S, Matsson L, Klingberg G. Molar-incisor hypomineralization and oral hygiene in 10- to-12-yr-old Swedish children born preterm. Eur J Oral Sci. 2011 Feb;119(1):33-9.
28. Dulla JA, Meyer-Lueckel H. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation: narrative review on etiology, epidemiology, diagnostics and treatment decision. Swiss Dent J. 2021 Mar 25;131(11).886-95.
29. Elfrink ME, Ghanim A, Manton DJ, Weerheijm KL. Standardised studies on Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPM): a need. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015 Jun;16(3):247-55.
30. Sidaly R, Schmalfuss A, Skaare AB, Sehic A, Stiris T, Espelid I. Five-minute Apgar score ≤ 5 and Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) - a case control study. BMC Oral Health. 2016 Jul 22;17(1):25.
31. Ghanim A, Manton D, Bailey D, Mariño R, Morgan M. Risk factors in the occurrence of molarincisor hypomineralization amongst a group of Iraqi children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2013 May;23(3):197- 206.
32. Pitiphat W, Luangchaichaweng S, Pungchanchaikul P, Angwaravong O, Chansamak N. Factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralization in Thai children. Eur J Oral Sci. 2014 Aug;122(4):265-70.
33. Alaluusua S, Lukinmaa PL, Koskimies M, Pirinen S, Hölttä P, Kallio M, et al. Developmental dental defects associated with long breast feeding. Eur J Oral Sci. 1996 Oct-Dec;104(5-6):493-7.
34. Wogelius P, Haubek D, Nechifor A, Nørgaard M, Tvedebrink T, Poulsen S. Association between use of asthma drugs and prevalence of demarcated opacities in permanent first molars in 6-to-8-year-old Danish children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010 Apr;38(2):145-51.
35. Souza JF, Costa-Silva CM, Jeremias F, Santos- Pinto L, Zuanon AC, Cordeiro RC. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: possible aetiological factors in children from urban and rural areas. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2012 Aug;13(4):164-70.
36. Alaluusua S. Aetiology of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation: A systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2010 Apr;11(2):53-8.
37. Laisi S, Ess A, Sahlberg C, Arvio P, Lukinmaa PL, Alaluusua S. Amoxicillin may cause molar incisor hypomineralization. J Dent Res. 2009 Feb;88(2):132- 6.
38. Buchgraber B, Kqiku L, Ebeleseder KA. Molar incisor hypomineralization: proportion and severity in primary public school children in Graz, Austria. Clin Oral Investig. 2018 Mar;22(2):757-762.
39. Subramaniam P, Gupta T, Sharma A. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in 7- 9-year-old children of Bengaluru City, India. Contemp Clin Dent. 2016 Jan-Mar;7(1):11-5.
40. Bullio Fragelli CM, Jeremias F, Feltrin de Souza J, Paschoal MA, de Cássia Loiola Cordeiro R, Santos-Pinto L. Longitudinal Evaluation of the Structural Integrity of Teeth Affected by Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation. Caries Res. 2015;49(4):378-83.
2. Weerheijm KL, Jälevik B, Alaluusua S. Molarincisor hypomineralisation. Caries Res. 2001 Sep- Oct;35(5):390-1.
3. Wu X, Wang J, Li YH, Yang ZY, Zhou Z. Association of molar incisor hypomineralization with premature birth or low birth weight: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 May;33(10):1700-8.
4. da Cunha Coelho ASE, Mata PCM, Lino CA, Macho VMP, Areias CMFGP, Norton APMAP, et al. Dental hypomineralization treatment: A systematic review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019 Jan;31(1):26-39.
5. Ghanim A, Silva MJ, Elfrink MEC, Lygidakis NA, Mariño RJ, Weerheijm KL, et al. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) training manual for clinical field surveys and practice. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2017 Aug;18(4):225-42.
6. Koruyucu M, Özel S, Tuna EB. Prevalence and etiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the city of Istanbul. J Dent Sci. 2018 Dec;13(4):318- 28.
7. Crombie F, Manton D, Kilpatrick N. Aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization: a critical review. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009 Mar;19(2):73-83.
8. Almeida LKY, Carvalho TS, Bussaneli DG, Jeremias F. Congenital and acquired defects in enamel of primary teeth: prevalence, severity and risk factors in Brazilian children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2021 Aug;22(4):715-23.
9. Almuallem Z, Busuttil-Naudi A. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) - an overview. Br Dent J. 2018 Oct 5.
10. Glodkowska N, Emerich K. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: prevalence and severity among children from Nothern Poland. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2019 Mar;20(1):59-66.
11. Cho SY, Ki Y, Chu V. Molar incisor hypomineralization in Hong Kong Chinese children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008 Sep;18(5):348-52.
12. Ahmadi R, Ramazani N, Nourinasab R. Molar incisor hypomineralization: a study of prevalence and etiology in a group of Iranian children. Iran J Pediatr. 2012 Jun;22(2):245-51.
13. Mehran M, Jalayer NN, Hosseini M. The prevalence of enamel defects and its influencing factors among incisors and permanent first molars in 8-9 year-old children of Tehran in 2004. Journal of Islamic Dental Association of Iran (Majallah-IDandanpizishki) 2006;17(4):114-20.
14. Zhao D, Dong B, Yu D, Ren Q, Sun Y. The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization: evidence from 70 studies. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2018 Mar;28(2):170-9.
15. Li L, Li J. [Investigation of molar-incisor hypomineralization among children from 6 to 11 years in Lucheng district, Wenzhou city]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2012 Oct;21(5):576-9. [Abstract Only]
16. Ng JJ, Eu OC, Nair R, Hong CH. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in Singaporean children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2015 Mar;25(2):73-8.
17. Sönmez H, Yıldırım G, Bezgin T. The prevalence and severity of molar incisor hypomineralization in a group of children living in Ankara Turkey. Clinical Dentistry and Research. 2013;37(1):33-40.
18. Vieira AR, Kup E. On the Etiology of Molar- Incisor Hypomineralization. Caries Res. 2016;50(2):166-9.
19. Yannam SD, Amarlal D, Rekha CV. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in school children aged 8-12 years in Chennai. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2016 Apr-Jun;34(2):134-8.
20. Mishra A, Pandey RK. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: An Epidemiological Study with Prevalence and Etiological Factors in Indian Pediatric Population. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016 Apr- Jun;9(2):167-71.
21. Wuollet E, Laisi S, Salmela E, Ess A, Alaluusua S. Molar-incisor hypomineralization and the association with childhood illnesses and antibiotics in a group of Finnish children. Acta Odontol Scand. 2016 Jul;74(5):416-22.
22. Silva MJ, Scurrah KJ, Craig JM, Manton DJ, Kilpatrick N. Etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization - A systematic review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2016 Aug;44(4):342-53.
23. Gurrusquieta BJ, Núñez VM, López ML. Prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Mexican Children. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017;41(1):18- 21.
24. de Lima Mde D, Andrade MJ, Dantas-Neta NB, Andrade NS, Teixeira RJ, de Moura MS, et al. Epidemiologic Study of Molar-incisor Hypomineralization in Schoolchildren in Northeastern Brazil. Pediatr Dent. 2015 Nov- Dec;37(7):513-9.
25. Allazzam SM, Alaki SM, El Meligy OA. Molar incisor hypomineralization, prevalence, and etiology. Int J Dent. 2014;2014:234508.
26. Ghanim A, Bagheri R, Golkari A, Manton D. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation: a prevalence study amongst primary schoolchildren of Shiraz, Iran. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2014 Apr;15(2):75-82.
27. Brogårdh-Roth S, Matsson L, Klingberg G. Molar-incisor hypomineralization and oral hygiene in 10- to-12-yr-old Swedish children born preterm. Eur J Oral Sci. 2011 Feb;119(1):33-9.
28. Dulla JA, Meyer-Lueckel H. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation: narrative review on etiology, epidemiology, diagnostics and treatment decision. Swiss Dent J. 2021 Mar 25;131(11).886-95.
29. Elfrink ME, Ghanim A, Manton DJ, Weerheijm KL. Standardised studies on Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPM): a need. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015 Jun;16(3):247-55.
30. Sidaly R, Schmalfuss A, Skaare AB, Sehic A, Stiris T, Espelid I. Five-minute Apgar score ≤ 5 and Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) - a case control study. BMC Oral Health. 2016 Jul 22;17(1):25.
31. Ghanim A, Manton D, Bailey D, Mariño R, Morgan M. Risk factors in the occurrence of molarincisor hypomineralization amongst a group of Iraqi children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2013 May;23(3):197- 206.
32. Pitiphat W, Luangchaichaweng S, Pungchanchaikul P, Angwaravong O, Chansamak N. Factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralization in Thai children. Eur J Oral Sci. 2014 Aug;122(4):265-70.
33. Alaluusua S, Lukinmaa PL, Koskimies M, Pirinen S, Hölttä P, Kallio M, et al. Developmental dental defects associated with long breast feeding. Eur J Oral Sci. 1996 Oct-Dec;104(5-6):493-7.
34. Wogelius P, Haubek D, Nechifor A, Nørgaard M, Tvedebrink T, Poulsen S. Association between use of asthma drugs and prevalence of demarcated opacities in permanent first molars in 6-to-8-year-old Danish children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010 Apr;38(2):145-51.
35. Souza JF, Costa-Silva CM, Jeremias F, Santos- Pinto L, Zuanon AC, Cordeiro RC. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: possible aetiological factors in children from urban and rural areas. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2012 Aug;13(4):164-70.
36. Alaluusua S. Aetiology of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation: A systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2010 Apr;11(2):53-8.
37. Laisi S, Ess A, Sahlberg C, Arvio P, Lukinmaa PL, Alaluusua S. Amoxicillin may cause molar incisor hypomineralization. J Dent Res. 2009 Feb;88(2):132- 6.
38. Buchgraber B, Kqiku L, Ebeleseder KA. Molar incisor hypomineralization: proportion and severity in primary public school children in Graz, Austria. Clin Oral Investig. 2018 Mar;22(2):757-762.
39. Subramaniam P, Gupta T, Sharma A. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in 7- 9-year-old children of Bengaluru City, India. Contemp Clin Dent. 2016 Jan-Mar;7(1):11-5.
40. Bullio Fragelli CM, Jeremias F, Feltrin de Souza J, Paschoal MA, de Cássia Loiola Cordeiro R, Santos-Pinto L. Longitudinal Evaluation of the Structural Integrity of Teeth Affected by Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation. Caries Res. 2015;49(4):378-83.
| Issue | Vol 19 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v19i16.9962 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Students Iran Dental Enamel Hypoplasia | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Khanmohammadi R, Seraj B, Salari A, Alipour F. Etiological Factors Involved in Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7 to 12-Year-Old Children in Tehran. Front Dent. 2022;19.
