Oral Health Educational Intervention for Primary Healthcare Providers Using the Flipped Approach
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Abstract
Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of a flipped oral health educational program for primary healthcare providers (PHCPs) on their knowledge, attitude, and practice.
Materials and Methods: This field trial was conducted on PHCPs (N=118; 61 cases and 57 controls) in District Health Centers (DHCs) of Tehran, Iran in 2012. The participants filled out a self-report questionnaire with questions on knowledge (N=34), attitude (N=8), and oral health practice (N=14). The intervention included an educational booklet delivered to the staff followed by a brief educational session using the flipped approach and a reminder pamphlet after 1 month. After 4 months, the questionnaire was completed again by the participants. Statistical analysis included paired sample t-test, ANCOVA, and linear and logistic regression.
Results: Most participants were females (N=114), and the mean age was 37±8 years. The scores of the three domains of knowledge and also the total knowledge score, the attitude score, and the practice score significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.001). Knowledge about the oral health of children (P=0.001) and the total knowledge score (P<0.05) significantly increased in the control group, but the increase in other domains was not statistically significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The oral health knowledge of PHCPs was insufficient, and their practice and attitude were not desirable. The oral health educational program with the flipped approach had a positive impact on the PHCPs’ knowledge, attitude and practice, and may be utilized in the academic curriculum or continuing medical education (CME) courses.
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10. Haden NK, Catalanotto FA, Alexander CJ, Bailit H, Battrell A, Broussard J, et al. Improving the oral health status of all Americans: roles and responsibilities of academic dental institutions: the report of the ADEA President’s Commission. JDE. 2003;67(5):563-83.
11. Sheiham A, Watt RG. The common risk factor approach: a rational basis for promoting oral health. Community Dent Oral Epidemioly: Commentary. 2000;28(6):399-406.
12. Bolden AJ, Logan HL, Jakobsen JR, Evans TA. Perception of oral health needs by Southeast Iowa non-dental health care providers. Spec Care Dentist. 1994;14(5):194-7.
13. Rabiei S, Mohebbi SZ, Yazdani R, Virtanen JI. Primary care nurses’ awareness of and willingness to perform children’s oral health care. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14(1):26.
14. King A. From sage on the stage to guide on the side. College teaching. 1993;41(1):30-5.
15. Della Ratta CB. Flipping the classroom with team-based learning in undergraduate nursing education. Nurse Educ. 2015;40(2):71-4.
16. Betihavas V, Bridgman H, Kornhaber R, Cross M. The evidence for ‘flipping out’: a systematic review of the flipped classroom in nursing education. Nurse Educ Today. 2016;38:15-21.
17. Dong X. Application of Flipped Classroom in College English Teaching. Creat. Educ. 2016;7(09):1335.
18. Tan, C., Yue, W.G. and Fu, Y., 2017. Effectiveness of flipped classrooms in nursing education: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Chin. Nurs. Res., 4(4), pp.192-200.
19. Education MoHam. Iranian center for Continuing medical education: Iranian center for Continuing medical education; [Available from: http://www.ircme.ir/app_web/(guest)/cms/menu/DynamicPage.aspx?CenterID=4&PageID=349.
20. Mohebbi SZ, Rabiei S, Yazdani R, Nieminen P, Virtanen JI. Evaluation of an educational intervention in oral health for primary care physicians: a cluster randomized controlled study. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18(1):218.
21. Di Giuseppe G, Nobile CG, Marinelli A, Angelillo IF. Knowledge, attitude and practices of pediatricians regarding the prevention of oral diseases in Italy. BMC Public Health. 2006;6(1):176.
22. Prakash P, Lawrence HP, Harvey BJ, McIsaac WJ, Limeback H, Leake JL. Early childhood caries and infant oral health: Paediatricians’ and family physicians’ knowledge, practices and training. J. Paediatr Child Health. 2006;11(3):151-7.
23. Douglass JM, Douglass AB, Silk HJ. A practical guide to infant oral health. AFP. 2004;70(11).
24. Schaff-Blass E, Rozier RG, Chattopadhyay A, Quiñonez R, Vann Jr WF. Effectiveness of an educational intervention in oral health for pediatric residents. Ambul Pediatr. 2006;6(3):157-64.
25. Chen F, Lui AM, Martinelli SM. A systematic review of the effectiveness of flipped classrooms in medical education. Med Educ. 2017;51(6):585-97.
26. Chen KS, Monrouxe L, Lu YH, Jenq CC, Chang YJ, Chang YC, et al. Academic outcomes of flipped classroom learning: a meta-analysis. Med Educn. 2018;52(9):910-24.
27. Kensington-Miller B, Novak J, Evans T. Just do it: flipped lecture, determinants and debate. IJEMST. 2016;47(6):853-62.
28. Heitz C, Prusakowski M, Willis G, Franck C. Does the concept of the “flipped classroom” extend to the emergency medicine clinical clerkship? WestJEM. 2015;16(6):851.
29. Liebert CA, Lin DT, Mazer LM, Bereknyei S, Lau JN. Effectiveness of the surgery core clerkship flipped classroom: a prospective cohort trial. Am J Surg2016;211(2):451-7. e1.
30. Graham E, Negron R, Domoto P, Milgrom P. Children’s oral health in the medical curriculum: a collaborative intervention at a university-affiliated hospital. J. Dent. Educ
31. Norman DA, Spohrer JC. Learner-centered education. Commun ACM. 1996;39(4):24-7.
32. Cheang KI. Effect of learner-centered teaching on motivation and learning strategies in a third-year pharmacotherapy course. Am. J. Pharm. Educ. 2009;73(3):42.
33. Dano-Hinosolango, M. A., & Vedua-Dinagsao, A. (2014). The impact of learner-centered teaching on students’ learning skills and strategies. (IJCDSE), 5(4), 1813-1817.
34. Nowak AJ, Casamassimo PS. Using Anticipatory Guidance to Provide: Early Dental Intervention. JADA. 1995;126(8):1156-63.
35. Lewis CW, Grossman DC, Domoto PK, Deyo RA. The role of the pediatrician in the oral health of children: a national survey. Pediatrics. 2000;106(6):e84-e.
36. Kay E, Locker D. A systematic review of the effectiveness of health promotion aimed at improving oral health. Community Dent Health. 1998;15(3):132-44.
37. Sohn W, Ismail AI, Tellez M. Efficacy of educational interventions targeting primary care providers’ practice behaviors: an overview of published systematic reviews.J. Public Health Dent.2004;64(3):164-72.
38. Sarabadani, J., Javadzadeh, A., Pakfetrat, A. S., Delavarian, Z., Maramayi, M., & Seyyedi, S. A. (2011). Oral medicine course offer in general medical students training curriculums.
39. Pediatric Nursing Certification Board [Available from: http://www.pncb.org/ptistore/control/certs/cpn-cpnp/index.
40. Tune JD, Sturek M, Basile DP. Flipped classroom model improves graduate student performance in cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal physiology. Adv. Physiol. Educ 2013;37(4): 316-20.
2. développement OmdlsDse, Staff WHO, Organization WH, UNICEF. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding: World Health Organization; 2003.
3. Petersen PE. Global policy for improvement of oral health in the 21st century–implications to oral health research of World Health Assembly 2007, World Health Organization. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. 2009;37(1):1-8.
4. Health NIo. National Institute of Dental, Craniofacial Research: A national call to action to promote oral health: a public-private partnership under the leadership of the Office of the Surgeon General. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. 2003.
5. Kagihara LE, Niederhauser VP, Stark M. Assessment, management, and prevention of early childhood caries. J AM ACAD NURSE PRAC. 2009;21(1):1-10.
6. Association AD. Future of dentistry. Chicago: J AM Dent Assoc. Health Policy Resources Center. 2001;56.
7. Education MoHaM. Course Charachteristics and subjects of General health Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical education; ; 2010 [cited 2022 August]. Course Charachteristics and subjects.]. Available from: https://shmu.ac.ir/sph/fa/page/684/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C
8. Sciences TUoM. Midwifery Curriculum [cited 2018 December]. Available from: http://fnm.tums.ac.ir/85516/sec_18/p_20.aspx?lang=fa.
9. Mouradian WE, Schaad DC, Kim S, Leggott PJ, Domoto PS, Maier R, et al. Addressing disparities in children’s oral health: a dental-medical partnership to train family practice residents. J DE. 2003;67(8):886-95.
10. Haden NK, Catalanotto FA, Alexander CJ, Bailit H, Battrell A, Broussard J, et al. Improving the oral health status of all Americans: roles and responsibilities of academic dental institutions: the report of the ADEA President’s Commission. JDE. 2003;67(5):563-83.
11. Sheiham A, Watt RG. The common risk factor approach: a rational basis for promoting oral health. Community Dent Oral Epidemioly: Commentary. 2000;28(6):399-406.
12. Bolden AJ, Logan HL, Jakobsen JR, Evans TA. Perception of oral health needs by Southeast Iowa non-dental health care providers. Spec Care Dentist. 1994;14(5):194-7.
13. Rabiei S, Mohebbi SZ, Yazdani R, Virtanen JI. Primary care nurses’ awareness of and willingness to perform children’s oral health care. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14(1):26.
14. King A. From sage on the stage to guide on the side. College teaching. 1993;41(1):30-5.
15. Della Ratta CB. Flipping the classroom with team-based learning in undergraduate nursing education. Nurse Educ. 2015;40(2):71-4.
16. Betihavas V, Bridgman H, Kornhaber R, Cross M. The evidence for ‘flipping out’: a systematic review of the flipped classroom in nursing education. Nurse Educ Today. 2016;38:15-21.
17. Dong X. Application of Flipped Classroom in College English Teaching. Creat. Educ. 2016;7(09):1335.
18. Tan, C., Yue, W.G. and Fu, Y., 2017. Effectiveness of flipped classrooms in nursing education: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Chin. Nurs. Res., 4(4), pp.192-200.
19. Education MoHam. Iranian center for Continuing medical education: Iranian center for Continuing medical education; [Available from: http://www.ircme.ir/app_web/(guest)/cms/menu/DynamicPage.aspx?CenterID=4&PageID=349.
20. Mohebbi SZ, Rabiei S, Yazdani R, Nieminen P, Virtanen JI. Evaluation of an educational intervention in oral health for primary care physicians: a cluster randomized controlled study. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18(1):218.
21. Di Giuseppe G, Nobile CG, Marinelli A, Angelillo IF. Knowledge, attitude and practices of pediatricians regarding the prevention of oral diseases in Italy. BMC Public Health. 2006;6(1):176.
22. Prakash P, Lawrence HP, Harvey BJ, McIsaac WJ, Limeback H, Leake JL. Early childhood caries and infant oral health: Paediatricians’ and family physicians’ knowledge, practices and training. J. Paediatr Child Health. 2006;11(3):151-7.
23. Douglass JM, Douglass AB, Silk HJ. A practical guide to infant oral health. AFP. 2004;70(11).
24. Schaff-Blass E, Rozier RG, Chattopadhyay A, Quiñonez R, Vann Jr WF. Effectiveness of an educational intervention in oral health for pediatric residents. Ambul Pediatr. 2006;6(3):157-64.
25. Chen F, Lui AM, Martinelli SM. A systematic review of the effectiveness of flipped classrooms in medical education. Med Educ. 2017;51(6):585-97.
26. Chen KS, Monrouxe L, Lu YH, Jenq CC, Chang YJ, Chang YC, et al. Academic outcomes of flipped classroom learning: a meta-analysis. Med Educn. 2018;52(9):910-24.
27. Kensington-Miller B, Novak J, Evans T. Just do it: flipped lecture, determinants and debate. IJEMST. 2016;47(6):853-62.
28. Heitz C, Prusakowski M, Willis G, Franck C. Does the concept of the “flipped classroom” extend to the emergency medicine clinical clerkship? WestJEM. 2015;16(6):851.
29. Liebert CA, Lin DT, Mazer LM, Bereknyei S, Lau JN. Effectiveness of the surgery core clerkship flipped classroom: a prospective cohort trial. Am J Surg2016;211(2):451-7. e1.
30. Graham E, Negron R, Domoto P, Milgrom P. Children’s oral health in the medical curriculum: a collaborative intervention at a university-affiliated hospital. J. Dent. Educ
31. Norman DA, Spohrer JC. Learner-centered education. Commun ACM. 1996;39(4):24-7.
32. Cheang KI. Effect of learner-centered teaching on motivation and learning strategies in a third-year pharmacotherapy course. Am. J. Pharm. Educ. 2009;73(3):42.
33. Dano-Hinosolango, M. A., & Vedua-Dinagsao, A. (2014). The impact of learner-centered teaching on students’ learning skills and strategies. (IJCDSE), 5(4), 1813-1817.
34. Nowak AJ, Casamassimo PS. Using Anticipatory Guidance to Provide: Early Dental Intervention. JADA. 1995;126(8):1156-63.
35. Lewis CW, Grossman DC, Domoto PK, Deyo RA. The role of the pediatrician in the oral health of children: a national survey. Pediatrics. 2000;106(6):e84-e.
36. Kay E, Locker D. A systematic review of the effectiveness of health promotion aimed at improving oral health. Community Dent Health. 1998;15(3):132-44.
37. Sohn W, Ismail AI, Tellez M. Efficacy of educational interventions targeting primary care providers’ practice behaviors: an overview of published systematic reviews.J. Public Health Dent.2004;64(3):164-72.
38. Sarabadani, J., Javadzadeh, A., Pakfetrat, A. S., Delavarian, Z., Maramayi, M., & Seyyedi, S. A. (2011). Oral medicine course offer in general medical students training curriculums.
39. Pediatric Nursing Certification Board [Available from: http://www.pncb.org/ptistore/control/certs/cpn-cpnp/index.
40. Tune JD, Sturek M, Basile DP. Flipped classroom model improves graduate student performance in cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal physiology. Adv. Physiol. Educ 2013;37(4): 316-20.
| Issue | Vol 21 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v21i31.16193 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Oral Health Education Health Personnel | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Bonabi M, Z Mohebbi S, Yazdani R, Rabiei S, Virtanen J. Oral Health Educational Intervention for Primary Healthcare Providers Using the Flipped Approach. Front Dent. 2024;21.
