The Effect of Finishing and Polishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Microbial Adhesion of Bulk Fill Composites: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
,
Abstract
Objectives: This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of different finishing and polishing (F/P) systems on surface roughness (SR) and microbial adhesion to bulk fill (BF) composites.
Materials and Methods: An electronic search of 3 databases (the National Library of Medicine [MEDLINE/PubMed], Scopus, and ScienceDirect) was conducted. Only in vitro studies that evaluated SR and microbial adhesion to BF composites were included. The included studies were individually evaluated for the risk of bias following predetermined criteria. A meta-analysis of the reviewed studies was conducted to compare the SR values of both Filtek Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill with and without F/P using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.
Results: A total of 12 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference between Filtek Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill without F/P or after F/P using multi-step systems. Different F/P systems affected the SR values, on the other hand, did not affect microbial adhesion values.
Conclusion: Both Filtek Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill had comparable roughness results. Multi-step systems may be preferable for F/P of BF composites.
1. Garoushi S, Vallittu PK, Lassila L. Characterization of fluoride releasing restorative dental materials. Dent Mater J. 2018 Mar 30;37(2):293-300.
2. Benetti AR, Havndrup-Pedersen C, Honoré D, Pedersen MK, Pallesen U. Bulk-fill resin composites: polymerization contraction, depth of cure, and gap formation. Oper Dent. 2015 Mar-Apr;40(2):190-200.
3. Shimokawa C, Giannini M, André CB, Sahadi BO, Faraoni JJ, Palma-Dibb RG, et al. In Vitro Evaluation of Surface Properties and Wear Resistance of Conventional and Bulk-fill Resin-based Composites After Brushing With a Dentifrice. Oper Dent. 2019 Nov/Dec;44(6):637-647.
4. Haugen HJ, Marovic D, Par M, Thieu MKL, Reseland JE, Johnsen GF. Bulk Fill Composites Have Similar Performance to Conventional Dental Composites. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 20;21(14):5136.
5. Teughels W, Van Assche N, Sliepen I, Quirynen M. Effect of material characteristics and/or surface topography on biofilm development. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Oct;17 Suppl 2:68-81.
6. Ferracane JL. Resin composite--state of the art. Dent Mater. 2011 Jan;27(1):29-38.
7. Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Eren MM, Ozsoy A, Topcu FT. Effects of polishing systems on the surface roughness of tooth-colored materials. J Dent Sci. 2013 Jun 1;8(2):160-9.
8. Yuan C, Wang X, Gao X, Chen F, Liang X, Li D. Effects of surface properties of polymer-based restorative materials on early adhesion of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. J Dent. 2016 Nov;54:33-40.
9. Cazzaniga G, Ottobelli M, Ionescu A, Garcia-Godoy F, Brambilla E. Surface properties of resin-based composite materials and biofilm formation: A review of the current literature. Am J Dent. 2015 Dec;28(6):311-20.
10. Canali GD, Ignácio SA, Rached RN, Souza EM. One-year clinical evaluation of bulk-fill flowable vs. regular nanofilled composite in non-carious cervical lesions. Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Feb;23(2):889-897.
11. Van Ende A, De Munck J, Lise DP, Van Meerbeek B. Bulk-Fill Composites: A Review of the Current Literature. J Adhes Dent. 2017;19(2):95-109.
12. Frese C, Wolff D, Staehle HJ. Proximal box elevation with resin composite and the dogma of biological width: clinical R2-technique and critical review. Oper Dent. 2014 Jan-Feb;39(1):22-31.
13. Sirin Karaarslan E, Bulbul M, Yildiz E, Secilmis A, Sari F, Usumez A. Effects of different polishing methods on color stability of resin composites after accelerated aging. Dent Mater J. 2013;32(1):58-67.
14. Kaizer MR, de Oliveira-Ogliari A, Cenci MS, Opdam NJ, Moraes RR. Do nanofill or submicron composites show improved smoothness and gloss? A systematic review of in vitro studies. Dent Mater. 2014 Apr;30(4):e41-78.
15. Dutra D, Pereira G, Kantorski KZ, Valandro LF, Zanatta FB. Does Finishing and Polishing of Restorative Materials Affect Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation? A Systematic Review. Oper Dent. 2018 Jan/Feb;43(1):E37-E52.
16. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 1;4(1):1.
17. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG; PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009 Jul 21;6(7):e1000097.
18. Rosa WL, Piva E, Silva AF. Bond strength of universal adhesives: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2015 Jul;43(7):765-76.
19. Sarkis-Onofre R, Skupien JA, Cenci MS, Moraes RR, Pereira-Cenci T. The role of resin cement on bond strength of glass-fiber posts luted into root canals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Oper Dent. 2014 Jan-Feb;39(1):E31-44.
20. Oktay EA, Ersahan S, Sabuncuoglu FA, Tort H, Karaoglanoglu S. Impact of various finishing and polishing techniques and composite materials on Candida albicans biofilm formation. Med Mycol. 2020 Jul 1;58(5):698-702.
21. Lassila L, Säilynoja E, Prinssi R, Vallittu PK, Garoushi S. The effect of polishing protocol on surface gloss of different restorative resin composites. Biomater Investig Dent. 2020 Jan 3;7(1):1-8.
22. Ishii R, Takamizawa T, Tsujimoto A, Suzuki S, Imai A, Barkmeier WW, et al. Effects of Finishing and Polishing Methods on the Surface Roughness and Surface Free Energy of Bulk-fill Resin Composites. Oper Dent. 2020 Mar/Apr;45(2):E91-E104.
23. Gurbuz O, Cilingir A, Dikmen B, Ozsoy A, Mert Eren M. Effect of surface sealant on the surface roughness of different composites and evaluation of their microhardness. Eur Oral Res. 2020 Jan 1;54(1):1-8.
24. Granat M, Cieloszyk J, Kowalska U, Buczkowska-Radlińska J, Łagocka R. Surface Geometry of Four Conventional Nanohybrid Resin-Based Composites and Four Regular Viscosity Bulk Fill Resin-Based Composites after Two-Step Polishing Procedure. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Aug 12;2020:6203053.
25. de Fátima Alves da Costa G, Melo AMDS, de Assunção IV, Borges BCD. Impact of additional polishing method on physical, micromorphological, and microtopographical properties of conventional composites and bulk fill. Microsc Res Tech. 2020 Mar;83(3):211-222.
26. Bilgili D, Dündar A, Barutçugil Ç, Tayfun D, Özyurt ÖK. Surface properties and bacterial adhesion of bulk-fill composite resins. J Dent. 2020 Apr;95:103317.
27. Rigo LC, Bordin D, Fardin VP, Coelho PG, Bromage TG, Reis A, et al. Influence of Polishing System on the Surface Roughness of Flowable and Regular-Viscosity Bulk Fill Composites. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2018 July/August;38(4):e79–e86.
28. Ehrmann E, Medioni E, Brulat-Bouchard N. Finishing and polishing effects of multiblade burs on the surface texture of 5 resin composites: microhardness and roughness testing. Restor Dent Endod. 2018 Nov 26;44(1):e1.
29. Magdy NM, Kola MZ, Alqahtani HH, Alqahtani MD, Alghmlas AS. Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Different Direct Resin-based Composites. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2017 May-Jun;7(3):104-109.
30. Cazzaniga G, Ottobelli M, Ionescu AC, Paolone G, Gherlone E, Ferracane JL, Brambilla E. In vitro biofilm formation on resin-based composites after different finishing and polishing procedures. J Dent. 2017 Dec;67:43-52.
31. Kumari CM, Bhat KM, Bansal R. Evaluation of surface roughness of different restorative composites after polishing using atomic force microscopy. J Conserv Dent. 2016 Jan-Feb;19(1):56-62.
32. Jefferies SR. Abrasive finishing and polishing in restorative dentistry: a state-of-the-art review. Dent Clin North Am. 2007 Apr;51(2):379-97, ix.
33. Costa GFAD, Fernandes ACBCJ, Carvalho LAO, de Andrade AC, de Assunção IV, Borges BCD. Effect of additional polishing methods on the physical surface properties of different nanocomposites: SEM and AFM study. Microsc Res Tech. 2018 Dec;81(12):1467-1473.
34. Ergücü Z, Türkün LS. Surface roughness of novel resin composites polished with one-step systems. Oper Dent. 2007 Mar-Apr;32(2):185-92.
35. St-Pierre L, Martel C, Crépeau H, Vargas MA. Influence of Polishing Systems on Surface Roughness of Composite Resins: Polishability of Composite Resins. Oper Dent. 2019 May/Jun;44(3):E122-E132.
36. Jang JH, Park SH, Hwang IN. Polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure of bulk-fill resin composites and highly filled flowable resin. Oper Dent. 2015 Mar-Apr;40(2):172-80.
37. Jang JH, Park SH, Hwang IN. Polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure of bulk-fill resin composites and highly filled flowable resin. Oper Dent. 2015 Mar-Apr;40(2):172-80.
38. Lempel E, Czibulya Z, Kovács B, Szalma J, Tóth Á, Kunsági-Máté S, et al. Degree of Conversion and BisGMA, TEGDMA, UDMA Elution from Flowable Bulk Fill Composites. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 May 20;17(5):732.
39. Avsar A, Yuzbasioglu E, Sarac D. The Effect of Finishing and Polishing Techniques on the Surface Roughness and the Color of Nanocomposite Resin Restorative Materials. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2015 Sep-Oct;24(5):881-90.
40. Joniot S, Salomon JP, Dejou J, Grégoire G. Use of two surface analyzers to evaluate the surface roughness of four esthetic restorative materials after polishing. Oper Dent 2006; 31:39–46.
41. Venturini D, Cenci MS, Demarco FF, Camacho GB, Powers JM. Effect of polishing techniques and time on surface roughness, hardness and microleakage of resin composite restorations. Oper Dent. 2006 Jan-Feb;31(1):11-7.
42. Nasoohi N, Hoorizad M, Tabatabaei SF. Effects of Wet and Dry Finishing and Polishing on Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Composite Resins. J Dent (Tehran). 2017 Mar;14(2):69-75.
43. Kaminedi RR, Penumatsa NV, Priya T, Baroudi K. The influence of finishing/polishing time and cooling system on surface roughness and microhardness of two different types of composite resin restorations. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2014 Dec;4(Suppl 2):S99-S104.
44. Waheeb N, Silikas N, Watts D. Initial polishing time affects gloss retention in resin composites. Am J Dent. 2012 Oct;25(5):303-6.
45. Gedik R, Hürmüzlü F, Coşkun A, Bektaş OO, Ozdemir AK. Surface roughness of new microhybrid resin-based composites. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005 Aug;136(8):1106-12.
46. Chour RG, Moda A, Arora A, Arafath MY, Shetty VK, Rishal Y. Comparative evaluation of effect of different polishing systems on surface roughness of composite resin: An in vitro study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2016 Aug;6(Suppl 2):S166-70.
47. Sarac D, Sarac YS, Kulunk S, Ural C, Kulunk T. The effect of polishing techniques on the surface roughness and color change of composite resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2006 Jul;96(1):33-40.
48. Takeuchi CY, Orbegoso Flores VH, Palma Dibb RG, Panzeri H, Lara EH, Dinelli W. Assessing the surface roughness of a posterior resin composite: effect of surface sealing. Oper Dent. 2003 May-Jun;28(3):281-6.
49. Nikawa H, Chen J, Hamada T, Nishimura M, Polyzois G. Candida albicans colonization on thermal cycled maxillofacial polymeric materials in vitro. J Oral Rehabil. 2001 Jun;28(6):526-33.
50. Bürgers R, Schneider-Brachert W, Rosentritt M, Handel G, Hahnel S. Candida albicans adhesion to composite resin materials. Clin Oral Investig. 2009 Sep;13(3):293-9.
51. Huh JB, Lim Y, Youn HI, Chang BM, Lee JY, Shin SW. Effect of denture cleansers on Candida albicans biofilm formation over resilient liners. J Adv Prosthodont. 2014 Apr;6(2):109-14.
52. Dezelic T, Guggenheim B, Schmidlin PR. Multi-species biofilm formation on dental materials and an adhesive patch. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2009;7(1):47-53.
53. Song F, Koo H, Ren D. Effects of Material Properties on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation. J Dent Res. 2015 Aug;94(8):1027-34.
54. Pereira CA, Eskelson E, Cavalli V, Liporoni PC, Jorge AO, do Rego MA. Streptococcus mutans biofilm adhesion on composite resin surfaces after different finishing and polishing techniques. Oper Dent 2011; 36: 311–317.
55. Pereira CA, Eskelson E, Cavalli V, Liporoni PC, Jorge AO, do Rego MA. Streptococcus mutans biofilm adhesion on composite resin surfaces after different finishing and polishing techniques. Oper Dent. 2011 May-Jun;36(3):311-7.
56. Tang H, Wang A, Liang X, Cao T, Salley SO, McAllister JP 3rd, et al. Effect of surface proteins on Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion and colonization on silicone. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2006 Aug 1;51(1):16-24.
57. Gyo M, Nikaido T, Okada K, Yamauchi J, Tagami J, Matin K. Surface response of fluorine polymer-incorporated resin composites to cariogenic biofilm adherence. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Mar;74(5):1428-35.
58. Imazato S. Antibacterial properties of resin composites and dentin bonding systems. Dent Mater. 2003 Sep;19(6):449-57.
2. Benetti AR, Havndrup-Pedersen C, Honoré D, Pedersen MK, Pallesen U. Bulk-fill resin composites: polymerization contraction, depth of cure, and gap formation. Oper Dent. 2015 Mar-Apr;40(2):190-200.
3. Shimokawa C, Giannini M, André CB, Sahadi BO, Faraoni JJ, Palma-Dibb RG, et al. In Vitro Evaluation of Surface Properties and Wear Resistance of Conventional and Bulk-fill Resin-based Composites After Brushing With a Dentifrice. Oper Dent. 2019 Nov/Dec;44(6):637-647.
4. Haugen HJ, Marovic D, Par M, Thieu MKL, Reseland JE, Johnsen GF. Bulk Fill Composites Have Similar Performance to Conventional Dental Composites. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 20;21(14):5136.
5. Teughels W, Van Assche N, Sliepen I, Quirynen M. Effect of material characteristics and/or surface topography on biofilm development. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Oct;17 Suppl 2:68-81.
6. Ferracane JL. Resin composite--state of the art. Dent Mater. 2011 Jan;27(1):29-38.
7. Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Eren MM, Ozsoy A, Topcu FT. Effects of polishing systems on the surface roughness of tooth-colored materials. J Dent Sci. 2013 Jun 1;8(2):160-9.
8. Yuan C, Wang X, Gao X, Chen F, Liang X, Li D. Effects of surface properties of polymer-based restorative materials on early adhesion of Streptococcus mutans in vitro. J Dent. 2016 Nov;54:33-40.
9. Cazzaniga G, Ottobelli M, Ionescu A, Garcia-Godoy F, Brambilla E. Surface properties of resin-based composite materials and biofilm formation: A review of the current literature. Am J Dent. 2015 Dec;28(6):311-20.
10. Canali GD, Ignácio SA, Rached RN, Souza EM. One-year clinical evaluation of bulk-fill flowable vs. regular nanofilled composite in non-carious cervical lesions. Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Feb;23(2):889-897.
11. Van Ende A, De Munck J, Lise DP, Van Meerbeek B. Bulk-Fill Composites: A Review of the Current Literature. J Adhes Dent. 2017;19(2):95-109.
12. Frese C, Wolff D, Staehle HJ. Proximal box elevation with resin composite and the dogma of biological width: clinical R2-technique and critical review. Oper Dent. 2014 Jan-Feb;39(1):22-31.
13. Sirin Karaarslan E, Bulbul M, Yildiz E, Secilmis A, Sari F, Usumez A. Effects of different polishing methods on color stability of resin composites after accelerated aging. Dent Mater J. 2013;32(1):58-67.
14. Kaizer MR, de Oliveira-Ogliari A, Cenci MS, Opdam NJ, Moraes RR. Do nanofill or submicron composites show improved smoothness and gloss? A systematic review of in vitro studies. Dent Mater. 2014 Apr;30(4):e41-78.
15. Dutra D, Pereira G, Kantorski KZ, Valandro LF, Zanatta FB. Does Finishing and Polishing of Restorative Materials Affect Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation? A Systematic Review. Oper Dent. 2018 Jan/Feb;43(1):E37-E52.
16. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 1;4(1):1.
17. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG; PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009 Jul 21;6(7):e1000097.
18. Rosa WL, Piva E, Silva AF. Bond strength of universal adhesives: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2015 Jul;43(7):765-76.
19. Sarkis-Onofre R, Skupien JA, Cenci MS, Moraes RR, Pereira-Cenci T. The role of resin cement on bond strength of glass-fiber posts luted into root canals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Oper Dent. 2014 Jan-Feb;39(1):E31-44.
20. Oktay EA, Ersahan S, Sabuncuoglu FA, Tort H, Karaoglanoglu S. Impact of various finishing and polishing techniques and composite materials on Candida albicans biofilm formation. Med Mycol. 2020 Jul 1;58(5):698-702.
21. Lassila L, Säilynoja E, Prinssi R, Vallittu PK, Garoushi S. The effect of polishing protocol on surface gloss of different restorative resin composites. Biomater Investig Dent. 2020 Jan 3;7(1):1-8.
22. Ishii R, Takamizawa T, Tsujimoto A, Suzuki S, Imai A, Barkmeier WW, et al. Effects of Finishing and Polishing Methods on the Surface Roughness and Surface Free Energy of Bulk-fill Resin Composites. Oper Dent. 2020 Mar/Apr;45(2):E91-E104.
23. Gurbuz O, Cilingir A, Dikmen B, Ozsoy A, Mert Eren M. Effect of surface sealant on the surface roughness of different composites and evaluation of their microhardness. Eur Oral Res. 2020 Jan 1;54(1):1-8.
24. Granat M, Cieloszyk J, Kowalska U, Buczkowska-Radlińska J, Łagocka R. Surface Geometry of Four Conventional Nanohybrid Resin-Based Composites and Four Regular Viscosity Bulk Fill Resin-Based Composites after Two-Step Polishing Procedure. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Aug 12;2020:6203053.
25. de Fátima Alves da Costa G, Melo AMDS, de Assunção IV, Borges BCD. Impact of additional polishing method on physical, micromorphological, and microtopographical properties of conventional composites and bulk fill. Microsc Res Tech. 2020 Mar;83(3):211-222.
26. Bilgili D, Dündar A, Barutçugil Ç, Tayfun D, Özyurt ÖK. Surface properties and bacterial adhesion of bulk-fill composite resins. J Dent. 2020 Apr;95:103317.
27. Rigo LC, Bordin D, Fardin VP, Coelho PG, Bromage TG, Reis A, et al. Influence of Polishing System on the Surface Roughness of Flowable and Regular-Viscosity Bulk Fill Composites. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2018 July/August;38(4):e79–e86.
28. Ehrmann E, Medioni E, Brulat-Bouchard N. Finishing and polishing effects of multiblade burs on the surface texture of 5 resin composites: microhardness and roughness testing. Restor Dent Endod. 2018 Nov 26;44(1):e1.
29. Magdy NM, Kola MZ, Alqahtani HH, Alqahtani MD, Alghmlas AS. Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Different Direct Resin-based Composites. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2017 May-Jun;7(3):104-109.
30. Cazzaniga G, Ottobelli M, Ionescu AC, Paolone G, Gherlone E, Ferracane JL, Brambilla E. In vitro biofilm formation on resin-based composites after different finishing and polishing procedures. J Dent. 2017 Dec;67:43-52.
31. Kumari CM, Bhat KM, Bansal R. Evaluation of surface roughness of different restorative composites after polishing using atomic force microscopy. J Conserv Dent. 2016 Jan-Feb;19(1):56-62.
32. Jefferies SR. Abrasive finishing and polishing in restorative dentistry: a state-of-the-art review. Dent Clin North Am. 2007 Apr;51(2):379-97, ix.
33. Costa GFAD, Fernandes ACBCJ, Carvalho LAO, de Andrade AC, de Assunção IV, Borges BCD. Effect of additional polishing methods on the physical surface properties of different nanocomposites: SEM and AFM study. Microsc Res Tech. 2018 Dec;81(12):1467-1473.
34. Ergücü Z, Türkün LS. Surface roughness of novel resin composites polished with one-step systems. Oper Dent. 2007 Mar-Apr;32(2):185-92.
35. St-Pierre L, Martel C, Crépeau H, Vargas MA. Influence of Polishing Systems on Surface Roughness of Composite Resins: Polishability of Composite Resins. Oper Dent. 2019 May/Jun;44(3):E122-E132.
36. Jang JH, Park SH, Hwang IN. Polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure of bulk-fill resin composites and highly filled flowable resin. Oper Dent. 2015 Mar-Apr;40(2):172-80.
37. Jang JH, Park SH, Hwang IN. Polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure of bulk-fill resin composites and highly filled flowable resin. Oper Dent. 2015 Mar-Apr;40(2):172-80.
38. Lempel E, Czibulya Z, Kovács B, Szalma J, Tóth Á, Kunsági-Máté S, et al. Degree of Conversion and BisGMA, TEGDMA, UDMA Elution from Flowable Bulk Fill Composites. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 May 20;17(5):732.
39. Avsar A, Yuzbasioglu E, Sarac D. The Effect of Finishing and Polishing Techniques on the Surface Roughness and the Color of Nanocomposite Resin Restorative Materials. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2015 Sep-Oct;24(5):881-90.
40. Joniot S, Salomon JP, Dejou J, Grégoire G. Use of two surface analyzers to evaluate the surface roughness of four esthetic restorative materials after polishing. Oper Dent 2006; 31:39–46.
41. Venturini D, Cenci MS, Demarco FF, Camacho GB, Powers JM. Effect of polishing techniques and time on surface roughness, hardness and microleakage of resin composite restorations. Oper Dent. 2006 Jan-Feb;31(1):11-7.
42. Nasoohi N, Hoorizad M, Tabatabaei SF. Effects of Wet and Dry Finishing and Polishing on Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Composite Resins. J Dent (Tehran). 2017 Mar;14(2):69-75.
43. Kaminedi RR, Penumatsa NV, Priya T, Baroudi K. The influence of finishing/polishing time and cooling system on surface roughness and microhardness of two different types of composite resin restorations. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2014 Dec;4(Suppl 2):S99-S104.
44. Waheeb N, Silikas N, Watts D. Initial polishing time affects gloss retention in resin composites. Am J Dent. 2012 Oct;25(5):303-6.
45. Gedik R, Hürmüzlü F, Coşkun A, Bektaş OO, Ozdemir AK. Surface roughness of new microhybrid resin-based composites. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005 Aug;136(8):1106-12.
46. Chour RG, Moda A, Arora A, Arafath MY, Shetty VK, Rishal Y. Comparative evaluation of effect of different polishing systems on surface roughness of composite resin: An in vitro study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2016 Aug;6(Suppl 2):S166-70.
47. Sarac D, Sarac YS, Kulunk S, Ural C, Kulunk T. The effect of polishing techniques on the surface roughness and color change of composite resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2006 Jul;96(1):33-40.
48. Takeuchi CY, Orbegoso Flores VH, Palma Dibb RG, Panzeri H, Lara EH, Dinelli W. Assessing the surface roughness of a posterior resin composite: effect of surface sealing. Oper Dent. 2003 May-Jun;28(3):281-6.
49. Nikawa H, Chen J, Hamada T, Nishimura M, Polyzois G. Candida albicans colonization on thermal cycled maxillofacial polymeric materials in vitro. J Oral Rehabil. 2001 Jun;28(6):526-33.
50. Bürgers R, Schneider-Brachert W, Rosentritt M, Handel G, Hahnel S. Candida albicans adhesion to composite resin materials. Clin Oral Investig. 2009 Sep;13(3):293-9.
51. Huh JB, Lim Y, Youn HI, Chang BM, Lee JY, Shin SW. Effect of denture cleansers on Candida albicans biofilm formation over resilient liners. J Adv Prosthodont. 2014 Apr;6(2):109-14.
52. Dezelic T, Guggenheim B, Schmidlin PR. Multi-species biofilm formation on dental materials and an adhesive patch. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2009;7(1):47-53.
53. Song F, Koo H, Ren D. Effects of Material Properties on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation. J Dent Res. 2015 Aug;94(8):1027-34.
54. Pereira CA, Eskelson E, Cavalli V, Liporoni PC, Jorge AO, do Rego MA. Streptococcus mutans biofilm adhesion on composite resin surfaces after different finishing and polishing techniques. Oper Dent 2011; 36: 311–317.
55. Pereira CA, Eskelson E, Cavalli V, Liporoni PC, Jorge AO, do Rego MA. Streptococcus mutans biofilm adhesion on composite resin surfaces after different finishing and polishing techniques. Oper Dent. 2011 May-Jun;36(3):311-7.
56. Tang H, Wang A, Liang X, Cao T, Salley SO, McAllister JP 3rd, et al. Effect of surface proteins on Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion and colonization on silicone. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2006 Aug 1;51(1):16-24.
57. Gyo M, Nikaido T, Okada K, Yamauchi J, Tagami J, Matin K. Surface response of fluorine polymer-incorporated resin composites to cariogenic biofilm adherence. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Mar;74(5):1428-35.
58. Imazato S. Antibacterial properties of resin composites and dentin bonding systems. Dent Mater. 2003 Sep;19(6):449-57.
| Issue | Vol 20 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Review Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v20i26.13344 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Bacterial Adhesion Composites Dental Polishing Systematic Review | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Ismail H, Ali A. The Effect of Finishing and Polishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Microbial Adhesion of Bulk Fill Composites: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Dent. 2023;20.
