Effect of Rinsing Water Temperature on Microleakage of Dental Composite Restorations: An In-Vitro Study
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Abstract
Objectives: This study assessed the impact of rinsing water temperature on microleakage of dental composite restorations.
Materials and Methods: This in vitro study was conducted on 72 extracted premolars. Buccal and lingual Class V cavities were prepared with gingival margins 1mm beneath the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and occlusal margins 2mm above the CEJ. The specimens were classified into three groups (n=24) for rinsing with water at 23°C, 4°C, and 45°C before the bonding procedure. Lingual cavities were bonded with a self-etch adhesive, and buccal cavities were bonded with a total-etch adhesive. After composite restoration, the specimens underwent 1000 thermal cycles between 5-55°C. They were then divided into two groups for storage for either 24 hours or 2 months. Optical and electron microscopic assessments were performed to score microleakage at the occlusal and gingival margins of the specimens. The Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests were run to analyze the data (alpha=0.05).
Results: Regardless of the bonding system and storage time, microleakage was significantly higher in the 4°C rinsing water group (P<0.05). Gingival margins bonded with the total-etch adhesive had a significantly higher microleakage than the occlusal margins in both 23°C and 45°C groups (P<0.05), but the self-etch adhesive showed no significant difference (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of this in vitro study, rinsing the cavity with warm water (23°C and 45°C) appears to be an effective method to reduce the rate of microleakage.
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2. McHugh LEJ, Politi I, Al-Fodeh RS, Fleming GJP. Implications of resin-based composite (RBC) restoration on cuspal deflection and microleakage score in molar teeth: Placement protocol and restorative material. Dent Mater. 2017 Sep;33(9):e329-e335.
3. Tavangar M, Tayefeh Davalloo R, Darabi F, Karambin M, Kazemi R. A Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Two Low-Shrinkage Composites with a Conventional Resin Composite: an In Vitro Assessment. J Dent (Shiraz). 2016 Mar;17(1):55-61.
4. Gupta A, Tavane P, Gupta PK, Tejolatha B, Lakhani AA, Tiwari Re et al. Evaluation of Microleakage with Total Etch, Self Etch and Universal Adhesive Systems in Class V Restorations: An In vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Apr;11(4):ZC53-ZC56.
5. Hashemikamangar SS, Pourhashemi SJ, Nekooimehr Z, Dehaki MG, Kharazifard MJ. Effect of Lactic Acid on Microleakage of Class V Low-Shrinkage Composite Restorations. J Dent (Tehran). 2016 Aug;13(4):223-230.
6. Rathi SD, Nikhade P, Chandak M, Motwani N, Rathi C, Chandak M. Microleakage in composite resin restoration-a review article. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2020 Mar;9:1006-11.
7. Hiraishi N, Yiu CK, King NM, Tay FR. Effect of 2% chlorhexidine on dentin microtensile bond strengths and nanoleakage of luting cements. J Dent. 2009 Jun;37(6):440-8.
8. Barceleiro MO, de Mello JB, Porto CL, Dias KR, de Miranda MS. Hybrid layer thickness and morphology: Influence of cavity preparation with air abrasion. Gen Dent. 2011 Nov-Dec;59(6):e242-7.
9. Bertrand MF, Semez G, Leforestier E, Muller-Bolla M, Nammour S, Rocca JP. Er:YAG laser cavity preparation and composite resin bonding with a single-component adhesive system: relationship between shear bond strength and microleakage. Lasers Surg Med. 2006 Jul;38(6):615-23.
10. Klein-Júnior CA, Zander-Grande C, Amaral R, Stanislawczuk R, Garcia EJ, Baumhardt-Neto R, Meier MM, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Evaporating solvents with a warm air-stream: effects on adhesive layer properties and resin-dentin bond strengths. J Dent. 2008 Aug;36(8):618-25.
11. de Alexandre RS, Sundfeld RH, Giannini M, Lovadino JR. The influence of temperature of three adhesive systems on bonding to ground enamel. Oper Dent. 2008 May-Jun;33(3):272-81.
12. Borges GA, Spohr AM, de Oliveira WJ, Correr-Sobrinho L, Correr AB, Borges LH. Effect of refrigeration on bond strength of self-etching adhesive systems. Braz Dent J. 2006;17(3):186-90.
13. Daronch M, Rueggeberg FA, De Goes MF, Giudici R. Polymerization kinetics of pre-heated composite. J Dent Res. 2006 Jan;85(1):38-43.
14. Blalock JS, Holmes RG, Rueggeberg FA. Effect of temperature on unpolymerized composite resin film thickness. J Prosthet Dent. 2006 Dec;96(6):424-32.
15. Reis A, Klein-Júnior CA, Accorinte Mde L, Grande RH, dos Santos CB, Loguercio AD. Effects of adhesive temperature on the early and 6-month dentin bonding. J Dent. 2009 Oct;37(10):791-8.
16. Garcia FC, Almeida JC, Osorio R, Carvalho RM, Toledano M. Influence of drying time and temperature on bond strength of contemporary adhesives to dentine. J Dent. 2009 Apr;37(4):315-20.
17. Akarsu S, Karademir SA. In vitro effect of temperature on dentin bond strength of universal adhesive systems. Odovtos Int J Dent Sci. 2020 Jul;22(1):93-101.
18. Dos Santos RE, Lima AF, Soares GP, Ambrosano GM, Marchi GM, Lovadino JR, et al. Effect of preheating resin composite and light-curing units on the microleakage of Class II restorations submitted to thermocycling. Oper Dent. 2011 Jan-Feb;36(1):60-5.
19. Taguchi K, Hosaka K, Ikeda M, Kishikawa R, Foxton R, Nakajima M, et al. The effect of warm air-blowing on the microtensile bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives to root canal dentin. J Prosthodont Res. 2018 Jul;62(3):330-336.
20. Malekipour MR, Shirani F, Ebrahimi M. The effect of washing water temperature on resin-dentin micro-shear bond strength. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2016 Mar-Apr;13(2):174-80.
21. ISO I. TS 11405: Dental materials—testing of adhesion to tooth structure. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization ISO Central Secretariat. 2003.
22. Sharafeddin F, Nouri H, Koohpeima F. The Effect of Temperature on Shear Bond Strength of Clearfil SE Bond and Adper Single Bond Adhesive Systems to Dentin. J Dent (Shiraz). 2015 Mar;16(1):10-6.
23. Tabatabaei MH, Arami S, Khajavi F, Moradi Z. Effect of type of cavity preparation (bur, Er: YAG laser) and restorative materials on prevention of caries lesion. JJ Dent Med. 2017;29(4):229-36.
24. Vale MR, Afonso FA, Borges BC, Freitas AC Jr, Farias-Neto A, Almeida EO, et al. Preheating impact on the degree of conversion and water sorption/solubility of selected single-bottle adhesive systems. Oper Dent. 2014 Nov-Dec;39(6):637-43. doi: 10.2341/13-201-L. Epub 2014 May 12.
25. Pazinatto FB, Marquezini L Jr, Atta MT. Influence of temperature on the spreading velocity of simplified-step adhesive systems. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2006;18(1):38-45; discussion 46.
26. Abdulmajeed AA, Donovan TE, Cook R, Sulaiman TA. Effect of Preheating and Fatiguing on Mechanical Properties of Bulk-fill and Conventional Composite Resin. Oper Dent. 2020 Jul 1;45(4):387-395.
27. Malekipour MR, Barekatain M, Shirani F, Alaei S. Effects of Rinsing Water Temperature and Preheated Composites on Microleakage of Composite Restorations with Two Bonding Agents. Front Dent. 2022 Jan 4;19:2.
28. Sutil BGDS, Susin AH. Dentin pretreatment and adhesive temperature as affecting factors on bond strength of a universal adhesive system. J Appl Oral Sci. 2017 Sep-Oct;25(5):533-540.
29. Sharafeddin F, Koohpeima F, Palizian B. Evaluation of microleakage in class V cavities filled with methacrylate-based versus silorane-based composites. J Dent Biomater. 2015 May;2(2):67-72.
30. Pashley DH, Agee KA, Nakajima M, Tay FR, Carvalho RM, Terada RS, et al. Solvent-induced dimensional changes in EDTA-demineralized dentin matrix. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001 Aug;56(2):273-81.
31. Hayashi M, Furuya Y, Minoshima K, Saito M, Marumo K, Nakashima S, et al. Effects of heating on the mechanical and chemical properties of human dentin. Dent Mater. 2012 Apr;28(4):385-91.
32. Morikawa T, Nezu T, Fukuda K, Terada Y. Effect of HEMA adsorption on the stability of native and denatured type I tendon collagen. Dent Mater J. 2006 Jun;25(2):253-60.
33. Villa F, Marengo M, De Coninck J. A new model to predict the influence of surface temperature on contact angle. Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 25;8(1):6549.
34. Madani L, Kiomarsi N, Kharazifard MJ, Puria Vali P, Valizadeh S. In-vitro evaluation of microleakage of Class II cavities restored with bulk-fill flowable composite. J Iran Dent Assoc. 2019;31(2):79-86.
35. Erickson RL, Barkmeier WW, Kimmes NS. Bond strength of self-etch adhesives to pre-etched enamel. Dent Mater. 2009 Oct;25(10):1187-94.
36. Ramezanian Nik I, Baradaran Naseri E, Majidinia S, Ramezanian Nik S, Jafari Giv M. Effect of Chlorhexidine and Ethanol on Microleakage of Composite Resin Restoration to Dentine. Chin J Dent Res. 2017;20(3):161-168.
2. McHugh LEJ, Politi I, Al-Fodeh RS, Fleming GJP. Implications of resin-based composite (RBC) restoration on cuspal deflection and microleakage score in molar teeth: Placement protocol and restorative material. Dent Mater. 2017 Sep;33(9):e329-e335.
3. Tavangar M, Tayefeh Davalloo R, Darabi F, Karambin M, Kazemi R. A Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Two Low-Shrinkage Composites with a Conventional Resin Composite: an In Vitro Assessment. J Dent (Shiraz). 2016 Mar;17(1):55-61.
4. Gupta A, Tavane P, Gupta PK, Tejolatha B, Lakhani AA, Tiwari Re et al. Evaluation of Microleakage with Total Etch, Self Etch and Universal Adhesive Systems in Class V Restorations: An In vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Apr;11(4):ZC53-ZC56.
5. Hashemikamangar SS, Pourhashemi SJ, Nekooimehr Z, Dehaki MG, Kharazifard MJ. Effect of Lactic Acid on Microleakage of Class V Low-Shrinkage Composite Restorations. J Dent (Tehran). 2016 Aug;13(4):223-230.
6. Rathi SD, Nikhade P, Chandak M, Motwani N, Rathi C, Chandak M. Microleakage in composite resin restoration-a review article. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2020 Mar;9:1006-11.
7. Hiraishi N, Yiu CK, King NM, Tay FR. Effect of 2% chlorhexidine on dentin microtensile bond strengths and nanoleakage of luting cements. J Dent. 2009 Jun;37(6):440-8.
8. Barceleiro MO, de Mello JB, Porto CL, Dias KR, de Miranda MS. Hybrid layer thickness and morphology: Influence of cavity preparation with air abrasion. Gen Dent. 2011 Nov-Dec;59(6):e242-7.
9. Bertrand MF, Semez G, Leforestier E, Muller-Bolla M, Nammour S, Rocca JP. Er:YAG laser cavity preparation and composite resin bonding with a single-component adhesive system: relationship between shear bond strength and microleakage. Lasers Surg Med. 2006 Jul;38(6):615-23.
10. Klein-Júnior CA, Zander-Grande C, Amaral R, Stanislawczuk R, Garcia EJ, Baumhardt-Neto R, Meier MM, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Evaporating solvents with a warm air-stream: effects on adhesive layer properties and resin-dentin bond strengths. J Dent. 2008 Aug;36(8):618-25.
11. de Alexandre RS, Sundfeld RH, Giannini M, Lovadino JR. The influence of temperature of three adhesive systems on bonding to ground enamel. Oper Dent. 2008 May-Jun;33(3):272-81.
12. Borges GA, Spohr AM, de Oliveira WJ, Correr-Sobrinho L, Correr AB, Borges LH. Effect of refrigeration on bond strength of self-etching adhesive systems. Braz Dent J. 2006;17(3):186-90.
13. Daronch M, Rueggeberg FA, De Goes MF, Giudici R. Polymerization kinetics of pre-heated composite. J Dent Res. 2006 Jan;85(1):38-43.
14. Blalock JS, Holmes RG, Rueggeberg FA. Effect of temperature on unpolymerized composite resin film thickness. J Prosthet Dent. 2006 Dec;96(6):424-32.
15. Reis A, Klein-Júnior CA, Accorinte Mde L, Grande RH, dos Santos CB, Loguercio AD. Effects of adhesive temperature on the early and 6-month dentin bonding. J Dent. 2009 Oct;37(10):791-8.
16. Garcia FC, Almeida JC, Osorio R, Carvalho RM, Toledano M. Influence of drying time and temperature on bond strength of contemporary adhesives to dentine. J Dent. 2009 Apr;37(4):315-20.
17. Akarsu S, Karademir SA. In vitro effect of temperature on dentin bond strength of universal adhesive systems. Odovtos Int J Dent Sci. 2020 Jul;22(1):93-101.
18. Dos Santos RE, Lima AF, Soares GP, Ambrosano GM, Marchi GM, Lovadino JR, et al. Effect of preheating resin composite and light-curing units on the microleakage of Class II restorations submitted to thermocycling. Oper Dent. 2011 Jan-Feb;36(1):60-5.
19. Taguchi K, Hosaka K, Ikeda M, Kishikawa R, Foxton R, Nakajima M, et al. The effect of warm air-blowing on the microtensile bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives to root canal dentin. J Prosthodont Res. 2018 Jul;62(3):330-336.
20. Malekipour MR, Shirani F, Ebrahimi M. The effect of washing water temperature on resin-dentin micro-shear bond strength. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2016 Mar-Apr;13(2):174-80.
21. ISO I. TS 11405: Dental materials—testing of adhesion to tooth structure. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization ISO Central Secretariat. 2003.
22. Sharafeddin F, Nouri H, Koohpeima F. The Effect of Temperature on Shear Bond Strength of Clearfil SE Bond and Adper Single Bond Adhesive Systems to Dentin. J Dent (Shiraz). 2015 Mar;16(1):10-6.
23. Tabatabaei MH, Arami S, Khajavi F, Moradi Z. Effect of type of cavity preparation (bur, Er: YAG laser) and restorative materials on prevention of caries lesion. JJ Dent Med. 2017;29(4):229-36.
24. Vale MR, Afonso FA, Borges BC, Freitas AC Jr, Farias-Neto A, Almeida EO, et al. Preheating impact on the degree of conversion and water sorption/solubility of selected single-bottle adhesive systems. Oper Dent. 2014 Nov-Dec;39(6):637-43. doi: 10.2341/13-201-L. Epub 2014 May 12.
25. Pazinatto FB, Marquezini L Jr, Atta MT. Influence of temperature on the spreading velocity of simplified-step adhesive systems. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2006;18(1):38-45; discussion 46.
26. Abdulmajeed AA, Donovan TE, Cook R, Sulaiman TA. Effect of Preheating and Fatiguing on Mechanical Properties of Bulk-fill and Conventional Composite Resin. Oper Dent. 2020 Jul 1;45(4):387-395.
27. Malekipour MR, Barekatain M, Shirani F, Alaei S. Effects of Rinsing Water Temperature and Preheated Composites on Microleakage of Composite Restorations with Two Bonding Agents. Front Dent. 2022 Jan 4;19:2.
28. Sutil BGDS, Susin AH. Dentin pretreatment and adhesive temperature as affecting factors on bond strength of a universal adhesive system. J Appl Oral Sci. 2017 Sep-Oct;25(5):533-540.
29. Sharafeddin F, Koohpeima F, Palizian B. Evaluation of microleakage in class V cavities filled with methacrylate-based versus silorane-based composites. J Dent Biomater. 2015 May;2(2):67-72.
30. Pashley DH, Agee KA, Nakajima M, Tay FR, Carvalho RM, Terada RS, et al. Solvent-induced dimensional changes in EDTA-demineralized dentin matrix. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001 Aug;56(2):273-81.
31. Hayashi M, Furuya Y, Minoshima K, Saito M, Marumo K, Nakashima S, et al. Effects of heating on the mechanical and chemical properties of human dentin. Dent Mater. 2012 Apr;28(4):385-91.
32. Morikawa T, Nezu T, Fukuda K, Terada Y. Effect of HEMA adsorption on the stability of native and denatured type I tendon collagen. Dent Mater J. 2006 Jun;25(2):253-60.
33. Villa F, Marengo M, De Coninck J. A new model to predict the influence of surface temperature on contact angle. Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 25;8(1):6549.
34. Madani L, Kiomarsi N, Kharazifard MJ, Puria Vali P, Valizadeh S. In-vitro evaluation of microleakage of Class II cavities restored with bulk-fill flowable composite. J Iran Dent Assoc. 2019;31(2):79-86.
35. Erickson RL, Barkmeier WW, Kimmes NS. Bond strength of self-etch adhesives to pre-etched enamel. Dent Mater. 2009 Oct;25(10):1187-94.
36. Ramezanian Nik I, Baradaran Naseri E, Majidinia S, Ramezanian Nik S, Jafari Giv M. Effect of Chlorhexidine and Ethanol on Microleakage of Composite Resin Restoration to Dentine. Chin J Dent Res. 2017;20(3):161-168.
| Issue | Vol 23 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| Keywords | ||
| Adhesives Composite Resins Dental Leakage Dentin Temperature | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Shirani F, Jafari N, Alipouriani Z, Adhami M. Effect of Rinsing Water Temperature on Microleakage of Dental Composite Restorations: An In-Vitro Study. Front Dent. 2026;23.
