Effect of Listerine and Sodium Fluoride Mouthwashes on Force Decay of Orthodontic Memory Elastomeric Chains: An In Vitro Study
,
Abstract
Objectives: The interaction of mouthwashes with orthodontic elastomeric materials may alter their mechanical properties. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of 0.05% sodium fluoride Oral-B PRO-Expert Multi Protection and fluoride-free Listerine Advanced with Tartar Protection mouthwashes on the force decay behavior of memory elastomeric chains.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 90 pieces of closed gray memory elastomeric chains were randomly allocated to three distinct groups (n=30): control, sodium fluoride, and Listerine. The control samples remained fully submerged in artificial saliva over the course of the experiment. Test samples were placed daily for 1 minute in either sodium fluoride or Listerine mouthwash, then in a solution consisting of equal parts of mouthwash and artificial saliva for 30 minutes, followed by a thorough rinse with distilled water, and then placed back in the artificial saliva. Tensile tests were conducted at various time points (baseline, 1 hour, and 1, 7, and 28 days) (n=6). Data were analyzed by one-way and two-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post-hoc test (alpha=0.05).
Results: All groups exhibited a continuous force decay over time (P<0.001). The experimental groups demonstrated significantly greater force decay compared to the control group (P<0.001). The sodium fluoride group exhibited significantly greater force decay compared to the Listerine group at all measured time points (P<0.001) except on day 28 (P=0.970).
Conclusion: Both mouthwashes accelerated the force degradation of memory elastomeric chains, with sodium fluoride causing a greater reduction except on day 28.
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2. Barlow M, Kula K. Factors influencing efficiency of sliding mechanics to close extraction space: a systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2008 May;11(2):65-73.
3. von Fraunhofer JA, Coffelt MT, Orbell GM. The effects of artificial saliva and topical fluoride treatments on the degradation of the elastic properties of orthodontic chains. Angle Orthod. 1992 Winter;62(4):265-74.
4. Dittmer MP, Demling AP, Borchers L, Stiesch M, Kohorst P, Schwestka-Polly R. Tensile properties of orthodontic elastomeric chains. J Orofac Orthop. 2010 Sep;71(5):330-8. English, German.
5. Larrabee TM, Liu SS, Torres-Gorena A, Soto-Rojas A, Eckert GJ, Stewart KT. The effects of varying alcohol concentrations commonly found in mouth rinses on the force decay of elastomeric chain. Angle Orthod. 2012 Sep;82(5):894-9.
6. Nattrass C, Ireland AJ, Sherriff M. The effect of environmental factors on elastomeric chain and nickel titanium coil springs. Eur J Orthod. 1998 Apr;20(2):169-76.
7. Beattie S, Monaghan P. An in vitro study simulating effects of daily diet and patient elastic band change compliance on orthodontic latex elastics. Angle Orthod. 2004 Apr;74(2):234-9.
8. Ai H, Lu HF, Liang HY, Wu J, Li RL, Liu GP, et al. Influences of bracket bonding on mutans streptococcus in plaque detected by real time fluorescence-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Chin Med J (Engl). 2005 Dec 5;118(23):2005-10.
9. van Gastel J, Quirynen M, Teughels W, Coucke W, Carels C. Longitudinal changes in microbiology and clinical periodontal parameters after removal of fixed orthodontic appliances. Eur J Orthod. 2011 Feb;33(1):15-21.
10. Alexander SA, Ripa LW. Effects of self-applied topical fluoride preparations in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod. 2000 Dec;70(6):424-30.
11. Alshehri FA. The use of mouthwash containing essential oils (LISTERINE®) to improve oral health: A systematic review. Saudi Dent J. 2018 Jan;30(1):2-6.
12. Tufekci E, Casagrande ZA, Lindauer SJ, Fowler CE, Williams KT. Effectiveness of an essential oil mouthrinse in improving oral health in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod. 2008 Mar;78(2):294-8.
13. Baratieri C, Mattos CT, Alves M Jr, Lau TC, Nojima LI, de Souza MM, et al. In situ evaluation of orthodontic elastomeric chains. Braz Dent J. 2012;23(4):394-8.
14. Kardach H, Biedziak B, Olszewska A, Golusińska-Kardach E, Sokalski J. The mechanical strength of orthodontic elastomeric memory chains and plastic chains: An in vitro study. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2017 May-Jun;26(3):373-378.
15. Dadgar S, Sobouti F, Armin M, Ebrahiminasab P, Moosazadeh M, Rakhshan V. Effects of 6 different chemical treatments on force kinetics of memory elastic chains versus conventional chains: An in vitro study. Int Orthod. 2020 Jun;18(2):349-358.
16. Javanmardi Z, Salehi P. Effects of Orthokin, Sensikin and Persica mouth rinses on the force degradation of elastic chains and NiTi coil springs. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2016 Spring;10(2):99-105.
17. Ramazanzadeh BA, Jahanbin A, Hasanzadeh N, Eslami N. Effect of sodium fluoride mouth rinse on elastic properties of elastomeric chains. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2009 Winter;34(2):189-92.
18. Sadeghian S, Heydari G, Shirvani A, Sadeghian R. The effect of sodium fluoride and listerine mouthwashes on the force decay of orthodontic elastomeric chains. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science. 2017;5(5):115-22.
19. Menon VV, Madhavan S, Chacko T, Gopalakrishnan S, Jacob J, Parayancode A. Comparative Assessment of Force Decay of the Elastomeric Chain With the Use of Various Mouth Rinses in Simulated Oral Environment: An In Vitro Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019 May;11(Suppl 2):S269-S273.
20. Crawford NL, McCarthy C, Murphy TC, Benson PE. Physical properties of conventional and Super Slick elastomeric ligatures after intraoral use. Angle Orthod. 2010 Jan;80(1):175-81.
21. Patel B, Duran-Martinez AC, Gurman P, Auciello O, Barao V, Campbell S, Sukotjo C, Mathew MT. Ultrananocrystalline diamond coatings for the dental implant: electrochemical nature. Surface Innovations. 2017 Jun 1;5(2):106-17.
22. Agarwal P, Nagesh L. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of 0.2% Chlorhexidine, Listerine and Tulsi extract mouth rinses on salivary Streptococcus mutans count of high school children--RCT. Contemp Clin Trials. 2011 Nov;32(6):802-8.
23. Gioka C, Zinelis S, Eliades T, Eliades G. Orthodontic latex elastics: a force relaxation study. Angle Orthod. 2006 May;76(3):475-9.
24. Ahn SJ, Lim BS, Lee SJ. Prevalence of cariogenic streptococci on incisor brackets detected by polymerase chain reaction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Jun;131(6):736-41.
25. Ahn SJ, Lim BS, Yang HC, Chang YI. Quantitative analysis of the adhesion of cariogenic streptococci to orthodontic metal brackets. Angle Orthod. 2005 Jul;75(4):666-71.
26. Øgaard B. White spot lesions during orthodontic treatment: mechanisms and fluoride preventive aspects. InSeminars in orthodontics 2008 Sep 1 (Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 183-193). WB Saunders.
27. Al-Kassar SS. The force degradation of elastic chain in different environments and for different intervals (an in vitro study). Al-Rafidain Dental Journal. 2011 Jun 1;11(2):231-7.
28. Mirhashemi A, Saffarshahroudi A, Sodagar A, Atai M. Force-degradation pattern of six different orthodontic elastomeric chains. J Dent (Tehran). 2012 Fall;9(4):204-15. Epub 2012 Dec 31.
29. Antony PJ, Paulose J. An in-vitro study to compare the force degradation of pigmented and non-pigmented elastomeric chains. Indian J Dent Res. 2014 Mar-Apr;25(2):208-13.
30. Rafeeq RA, Al-Mashhadany SM, Hussien HM, Al-Groosh DH. Effect of Three Types of Mouth Washes on the Force Decay of Elastomeric Chains: An in Vitro Study. IJSR. 2017;6(6):1561-65.
31. Kumar K, Shetty S, Krithika MJ, Cyriac B. Effect of commonly used beverage, soft drink, and mouthwash on force delivered by elastomeric chain: a comparative in vitro study. J Int Oral Health. 2014 Jun;6(3):7-10. Epub 2014 Jun 26.
32. Omidkhoda M, Rashed R, Khodarahmi N. Evaluation of the effects of three different mouthwashes on the force decay of orthodontic chains. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2015 Jul-Aug;12(4):348-52.
33. Al–Ani RA. The effect of mouth wash containing alcohol on force degradatiom of colored elastomeric chains. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2019 Oct 1;10(10).
34. Ramachandraiah S, Sridharan K, Nishad A, Manjusha KK, Abraham EA, Ramees MM. Force Decay Characteristics of commonly used Elastomeric Chains on Exposure to various Mouth Rinses with different Alcohol Concentration: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2017 Sep 1;18(9):813-820.
35. Ash JL, Nikolai RJ. Relaxation of orthodontic elastomeric chains and modules in vitro and in vivo. J Dent Res. 1978 May-Jun;57(5-6):685-90.
36. Lu TC, Wang WN, Tarng TH, Chen JW. Force decay of elastomeric chain--a serial study. Part II. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993 Oct;104(4):373-7.
37. Taloumis LJ, Smith TM, Hondrum SO, Lorton L. Force decay and deformation of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997 Jan;111(1):1-11.
38. Kuster R, Ingervall B, Bürgin W. Laboratory and intra-oral tests of the degradation of elastic chains. Eur J Orthod. 1986 Aug;8(3):202-8.
39. Weissheimer A, Locks A, de Menezes LM, Borgatto AF, Derech CD. In vitro evaluation of force degradation of elastomeric chains used in orthodontics. Dental Press J Orthod. 2013 Jan-Feb;18(1):55-62.
2. Barlow M, Kula K. Factors influencing efficiency of sliding mechanics to close extraction space: a systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2008 May;11(2):65-73.
3. von Fraunhofer JA, Coffelt MT, Orbell GM. The effects of artificial saliva and topical fluoride treatments on the degradation of the elastic properties of orthodontic chains. Angle Orthod. 1992 Winter;62(4):265-74.
4. Dittmer MP, Demling AP, Borchers L, Stiesch M, Kohorst P, Schwestka-Polly R. Tensile properties of orthodontic elastomeric chains. J Orofac Orthop. 2010 Sep;71(5):330-8. English, German.
5. Larrabee TM, Liu SS, Torres-Gorena A, Soto-Rojas A, Eckert GJ, Stewart KT. The effects of varying alcohol concentrations commonly found in mouth rinses on the force decay of elastomeric chain. Angle Orthod. 2012 Sep;82(5):894-9.
6. Nattrass C, Ireland AJ, Sherriff M. The effect of environmental factors on elastomeric chain and nickel titanium coil springs. Eur J Orthod. 1998 Apr;20(2):169-76.
7. Beattie S, Monaghan P. An in vitro study simulating effects of daily diet and patient elastic band change compliance on orthodontic latex elastics. Angle Orthod. 2004 Apr;74(2):234-9.
8. Ai H, Lu HF, Liang HY, Wu J, Li RL, Liu GP, et al. Influences of bracket bonding on mutans streptococcus in plaque detected by real time fluorescence-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Chin Med J (Engl). 2005 Dec 5;118(23):2005-10.
9. van Gastel J, Quirynen M, Teughels W, Coucke W, Carels C. Longitudinal changes in microbiology and clinical periodontal parameters after removal of fixed orthodontic appliances. Eur J Orthod. 2011 Feb;33(1):15-21.
10. Alexander SA, Ripa LW. Effects of self-applied topical fluoride preparations in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod. 2000 Dec;70(6):424-30.
11. Alshehri FA. The use of mouthwash containing essential oils (LISTERINE®) to improve oral health: A systematic review. Saudi Dent J. 2018 Jan;30(1):2-6.
12. Tufekci E, Casagrande ZA, Lindauer SJ, Fowler CE, Williams KT. Effectiveness of an essential oil mouthrinse in improving oral health in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod. 2008 Mar;78(2):294-8.
13. Baratieri C, Mattos CT, Alves M Jr, Lau TC, Nojima LI, de Souza MM, et al. In situ evaluation of orthodontic elastomeric chains. Braz Dent J. 2012;23(4):394-8.
14. Kardach H, Biedziak B, Olszewska A, Golusińska-Kardach E, Sokalski J. The mechanical strength of orthodontic elastomeric memory chains and plastic chains: An in vitro study. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2017 May-Jun;26(3):373-378.
15. Dadgar S, Sobouti F, Armin M, Ebrahiminasab P, Moosazadeh M, Rakhshan V. Effects of 6 different chemical treatments on force kinetics of memory elastic chains versus conventional chains: An in vitro study. Int Orthod. 2020 Jun;18(2):349-358.
16. Javanmardi Z, Salehi P. Effects of Orthokin, Sensikin and Persica mouth rinses on the force degradation of elastic chains and NiTi coil springs. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2016 Spring;10(2):99-105.
17. Ramazanzadeh BA, Jahanbin A, Hasanzadeh N, Eslami N. Effect of sodium fluoride mouth rinse on elastic properties of elastomeric chains. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2009 Winter;34(2):189-92.
18. Sadeghian S, Heydari G, Shirvani A, Sadeghian R. The effect of sodium fluoride and listerine mouthwashes on the force decay of orthodontic elastomeric chains. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science. 2017;5(5):115-22.
19. Menon VV, Madhavan S, Chacko T, Gopalakrishnan S, Jacob J, Parayancode A. Comparative Assessment of Force Decay of the Elastomeric Chain With the Use of Various Mouth Rinses in Simulated Oral Environment: An In Vitro Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019 May;11(Suppl 2):S269-S273.
20. Crawford NL, McCarthy C, Murphy TC, Benson PE. Physical properties of conventional and Super Slick elastomeric ligatures after intraoral use. Angle Orthod. 2010 Jan;80(1):175-81.
21. Patel B, Duran-Martinez AC, Gurman P, Auciello O, Barao V, Campbell S, Sukotjo C, Mathew MT. Ultrananocrystalline diamond coatings for the dental implant: electrochemical nature. Surface Innovations. 2017 Jun 1;5(2):106-17.
22. Agarwal P, Nagesh L. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of 0.2% Chlorhexidine, Listerine and Tulsi extract mouth rinses on salivary Streptococcus mutans count of high school children--RCT. Contemp Clin Trials. 2011 Nov;32(6):802-8.
23. Gioka C, Zinelis S, Eliades T, Eliades G. Orthodontic latex elastics: a force relaxation study. Angle Orthod. 2006 May;76(3):475-9.
24. Ahn SJ, Lim BS, Lee SJ. Prevalence of cariogenic streptococci on incisor brackets detected by polymerase chain reaction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Jun;131(6):736-41.
25. Ahn SJ, Lim BS, Yang HC, Chang YI. Quantitative analysis of the adhesion of cariogenic streptococci to orthodontic metal brackets. Angle Orthod. 2005 Jul;75(4):666-71.
26. Øgaard B. White spot lesions during orthodontic treatment: mechanisms and fluoride preventive aspects. InSeminars in orthodontics 2008 Sep 1 (Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 183-193). WB Saunders.
27. Al-Kassar SS. The force degradation of elastic chain in different environments and for different intervals (an in vitro study). Al-Rafidain Dental Journal. 2011 Jun 1;11(2):231-7.
28. Mirhashemi A, Saffarshahroudi A, Sodagar A, Atai M. Force-degradation pattern of six different orthodontic elastomeric chains. J Dent (Tehran). 2012 Fall;9(4):204-15. Epub 2012 Dec 31.
29. Antony PJ, Paulose J. An in-vitro study to compare the force degradation of pigmented and non-pigmented elastomeric chains. Indian J Dent Res. 2014 Mar-Apr;25(2):208-13.
30. Rafeeq RA, Al-Mashhadany SM, Hussien HM, Al-Groosh DH. Effect of Three Types of Mouth Washes on the Force Decay of Elastomeric Chains: An in Vitro Study. IJSR. 2017;6(6):1561-65.
31. Kumar K, Shetty S, Krithika MJ, Cyriac B. Effect of commonly used beverage, soft drink, and mouthwash on force delivered by elastomeric chain: a comparative in vitro study. J Int Oral Health. 2014 Jun;6(3):7-10. Epub 2014 Jun 26.
32. Omidkhoda M, Rashed R, Khodarahmi N. Evaluation of the effects of three different mouthwashes on the force decay of orthodontic chains. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2015 Jul-Aug;12(4):348-52.
33. Al–Ani RA. The effect of mouth wash containing alcohol on force degradatiom of colored elastomeric chains. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2019 Oct 1;10(10).
34. Ramachandraiah S, Sridharan K, Nishad A, Manjusha KK, Abraham EA, Ramees MM. Force Decay Characteristics of commonly used Elastomeric Chains on Exposure to various Mouth Rinses with different Alcohol Concentration: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2017 Sep 1;18(9):813-820.
35. Ash JL, Nikolai RJ. Relaxation of orthodontic elastomeric chains and modules in vitro and in vivo. J Dent Res. 1978 May-Jun;57(5-6):685-90.
36. Lu TC, Wang WN, Tarng TH, Chen JW. Force decay of elastomeric chain--a serial study. Part II. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993 Oct;104(4):373-7.
37. Taloumis LJ, Smith TM, Hondrum SO, Lorton L. Force decay and deformation of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997 Jan;111(1):1-11.
38. Kuster R, Ingervall B, Bürgin W. Laboratory and intra-oral tests of the degradation of elastic chains. Eur J Orthod. 1986 Aug;8(3):202-8.
39. Weissheimer A, Locks A, de Menezes LM, Borgatto AF, Derech CD. In vitro evaluation of force degradation of elastomeric chains used in orthodontics. Dental Press J Orthod. 2013 Jan-Feb;18(1):55-62.
| Issue | Vol 23 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| Keywords | ||
| Mouthwashes Sodium Fluoride Tartar Control Listerine Tensile Strength | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Alijani S, Nemati J, Borjali MB, Nezakatmaab A, Alafchi B. Effect of Listerine and Sodium Fluoride Mouthwashes on Force Decay of Orthodontic Memory Elastomeric Chains: An In Vitro Study. Front Dent. 2026;23.
