Effects of Non-Thermal Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma on Human Fibroblasts: A Narrative Review
Abstract
Objectives: Fibroblasts are among the most critical connective tissue cells in almost all tissues and organs. Enhancement of fibroblast differentiation, proliferation, and morphogenesis is of paramount importance in tissue regeneration and wound healing. The non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma technology has recently gained interest due to its extensive applications and multiple biological effects. This review article outlines the applications of DBD plasma in dentistry, and its biological effects on human fibroblasts.
Materials and Methods: Relevant keywords were searched in PubMed, Ovid, and Google Scholar online databases. The search strategy resulted in selection of 7 studies according to the eligibility criteria.
Results: Most studies reported increased cell proliferation and viability after the application of DBD plasma. Four studies that focused on the development of adhesion-related appendages examined the morphology of fibroblast cells, including the creation of vinculin, protrusion, and actin cytoskeleton. Expression of cyclin D1/P27 genes and genes associated with adhesion and cell attachments was also reported in two studies.
Conclusion: This narrative review discussed the effects of DBD plasma technology on proliferation and behavior of human fibroblasts, and reviewed the available articles in this regard. More in vivo studies are required to understand the exact effects of this emerging technology on human mesenchymal tissues
1.Chiquet M, Katsaros C, Kletsas D. Multiple functions of gingival and mucoperiosteal fibroblasts in oral wound healing and repair. Periodontology 2000. 2015 Jun;68(1):21-40.
2. Zou M-L, Teng Y-Y, Wu J-J, Liu S-Y, Tang X-Y, Jia Y, et al. Fibroblasts: Heterogeneous cells with potential in regenerative therapy for scarless wound healing. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jul 20:9:713605.
3. Nanci A. Ten Cate’s Oral Histology-E-Book: Develpment, Structure and Function. Structure of the Oral Tissues. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018.
4. Vijayashree RJ, Sivapathasundharam B. The diverse role of oral fibroblasts in normal and disease. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2022 Jan-Mar;26(1):6-13.
5. Waasdorp M, Krom BP, Bikker FJ, van Zuijlen PP, Niessen FB, Gibbs S. The bigger picture: Why oral mucosa heals better than skin. Biomolecules. 2021 Aug;11(8):1165.
6. Cortés MI, Bello IG. Study of the histological and anatomical characteristics of the human oral mucosa. A step towards the developement of tailored-artificial oral mucosa. Actualidad médica. 2021;106(813):177-87.
7. Maxson S, Lopez EA, Yoo D, Danilkovitch-Miagkova A, LeRoux MA. Concise review: role of mesenchymal stem cells in wound repair. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2012 Feb;1(2):142-9.
8. Kondo T, Ohshima T. The dynamics of inflammatory cytokines in the healing process of mouse skin wound: a preliminary study for possible wound age determination. Int J Legal Med. 1996;108(5):231-6.
9. Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T, Glantz PO, Lindhe J. The mucosal attachment at different abutments: An experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 1998 Sep;25(9):721-7.
10. Cho Y-D, Kim K-H, Lee Y-M, Ku Y, Seol Y-J. Periodontal wound healing and tissue regeneration: A narrative review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 May 12;14(5):456.
11. Smolková B, Uzhytchak M, Lynnyk A, Kubinová Š, Dejneka A, Lunov O. A Critical Review on Selected External Physical Cues and Modulation of Cell Behavior: Magnetic Nanoparticles, Non-thermal Plasma and Lasers. J Funct Biomater. 2018 Dec 24;10(1):2.
12. Langmuir I. Oscillations in Ionized Gases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 1928 Aug;14(8):627-37.
13. Guazzato M, Quach L, Albakry M, Swain MV. Influence of surface and heat treatments on the flexural strength of Y-TZP dental ceramic. J Dent. 2005 Jan;33(1):9-18.
14. Annunziata M, Canullo L, Donnarumma G, Caputo P, Nastri L, Guida L. Bacterial inactivation/sterilization by argon plasma treatment on contaminated titanium implant surfaces: In vitro study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2016 Jan 1;21(1):e118-21.
15. Guo L, Smeets R, Kluwe L, Hartjen P, Barbeck M, Cacaci C, et al. Cytocompatibility of titanium, zirconia and modified PEEK after surface treatment using UV light or non-thermal plasma. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Nov 8;20(22):5596.
16. Watanabe H, Saito K, Kokubun K, Sasaki H, Yoshinari M. Change in surface properties of zirconia and initial attachment of osteoblastlike cells with hydrophilic treatment. Dent Mater J. 2012;31(5):806-14.
17. Isbary G, Shimizu T, Li YF, Stolz W, Thomas HM, Morfill GE, et al. Cold atmospheric plasma devices for medical issues. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2013 May;10(3):367-77.
18. Heinlin J, Isbary G, Stolz W, Zeman F, Landthaler M, Morfill G, et al. A randomized two-sided placebo-controlled study on the efficacy and safety of atmospheric non-thermal argon plasma for pruritus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Mar;27(3):324-31.
19. Laroussi M. Sterilization of contaminated matter with an atmospheric pressure plasma. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci. 1996 Jun;24(3):1188-91.
20. Nishime T, Borges A, Koga-Ito C, Machida M, Hein L, Kostov K. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet applied to inactivation of different microorganisms. Surf Coat Technol. 2017 Feb;312:19-24.
21. Borges AC, Kostov KG, Pessoa RS, de Abreu GM, Lima GdM, Figueira LW, et al. Applications of cold atmospheric pressure plasma in dentistry. Appl Sci. 2021 Feb;11(5):1975.
22. Fridman A, Chirokov A, Gutsol A. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure discharges. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2005 Jan;38(2):R1.
23. Brandenburg R. Dielectric barrier discharges: progress on plasma sources and on the understanding of regimes and single filaments. Plasma Sources Sci Technol. 2017 Apr;26(5):053001.
24. Chernoff G. The utilization of a nitric oxide generating serum in the treatment of active acne and acne scarred patients. Int J Pharma Anal Acta. 2020;3(1):10-4.
25. Stone JR, Yang S. Hydrogen peroxide: a signaling messenger. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006 Mar;8(3-4):243-70.
26. Kalghatgi S, Friedman G, Fridman A, Clyne AM. Endothelial cell proliferation is enhanced by low dose non-thermal plasma through fibroblast growth factor-2 release. Ann Biomed Eng. 2010 Mar;38(3):748-57.
27. Yan M, Hartjen P, Gosau M, Vollkommer T, Grust AL, Fuest S, Kluwe L, Burg S, Smeets R, Henningsen A. Effects of a novel cold atmospheric plasma treatment of titanium on the proliferation and adhesion behavior of fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 31;23(1):420.
28. Zheng M, Yang Y, Liu XQ, Liu MY, Zhang XF, Wang X, et al. Enhanced biological behavior of in vitro human gingival fibroblasts on cold plasma-treated zirconia. PLoS One. 2015 Oct 13;10(10):e0140278.
29. Lee JH, Kim YH, Choi EH, Kim KM, Kim KN. Air atmospheric-pressure plasma-jet treatment enhances the attachment of human gingival fibroblasts for early peri-implant soft tissue seals on titanium dental implant abutments. Acta Odontol Scand. 2015 Jan;73(1):67-75.
30. Balzer J, Heuer K, Demir E, Hoffmanns MA, Baldus S, Fuchs PC, et al. Non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) effects on proliferation and differentiation of human fibroblasts are primary mediated by hydrogen peroxide. PLoS One. 2015 Dec;10(12):e0144968.
31. Hoffmanns MA, Demir E, Baldus S, Balzer J, Heuer K, Fuchs PC, et al. Acidification and nitrite/nitrate accumulation by nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) affect human dermal fibroblasts. Plasma Med. 2015;5(1).
32. Shi X, Ren H, Liu J, Cai J, Xu G, Chen S, Zhang G. Effects of low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma on cell viability and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts. In2016 IEEE International Conference
on Plasma Science (ICOPS) 2016 Jun 19 (pp. 1-1). IEEE.
33. Rabel K, Kohal R-J, Steinberg T, Rolauffs B, Adolfsson E, Altmann B. Human osteoblast and fibroblast response to oral implant biomaterials functionalized with non-thermal oxygen plasma. Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 27;11(1):17302.
34. Dubuc A, Monsarrat P, Virard F, Merbahi N, Sarrette J-P, Laurencin-Dalicieux S, et al. Use of cold-atmospheric plasma in oncology: A concise systematic review. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2018 Jul 20:10:1758835918786475.
35. Tendero C, Tixier C, Tristant P, Desmaison J, Leprince P. Atmospheric pressure plasmas: A review. Spectrochim Acta B. 2006;61(1):2-30.
36. Gibalov VI, Pietsch GJ. The development of dielectric barrier discharges in gas gaps and on surfaces. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2000 Oct;33(20):2618.
37. Sonawane SK, T M, Patil S. Non-thermal plasma: An advanced technology for food industry. Food Sci Technol Int. 2020 Dec;26(8):727-740.
38. Moszczyńska J, Roszek K, Wiśniewski M. Non-Thermal Plasma Application in Medicine-Focus on Reactive Species Involvement. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Aug 11;24(16):12667.
39. Rupf S, Lehmann A, Hannig M, Schäfer B, Schubert A, Feldmann U, et al. Killing of adherent oral microbes by a non-thermal atmospheric plasma jet. J Med Microbiol. 2010 Feb;59(Pt 2):206-12.
40. Chang JW, Kang SU, Shin YS, Kim KI, Seo SJ, Yang SS, et al. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma induces apoptosis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Involvement of DNA-damage-triggering sub-G(1) arrest via the ATM/p53 pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2014 Mar;545:133-40.
41. Ma Y, Ha CS, Hwang SW, Lee HJ, Kim GC, Lee KW, et al. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma preferentially induces apoptosis in p53-mutated cancer cells by activating ROS stress-response pathways. PLoS One. 2014 Apr;9(4):e91947.
42. Kalghatgi SU, Fridman A, Friedman G, Clyne AM. Cell proliferation following non-thermal plasma is related to reactive oxygen species induced fibroblast growth factor-2 release. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009;2009:6030-3.
43. Do CB, Jaiswal MS, Jang YS, Kim UK, Kim GC, Hwang DS. Non-thermal plasma directly accelerates neuronal proliferation by stimulating axon formation. Sci Rep. 2022 Sep;12(1):15868.
44. Hwang JH, Lee HY, Chung KB, Lee HJ, Kim J, Song K, Kim DY. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dermal papilla cells. Sci Rep. 2021 Aug;11(1):16125.
45. Schmidt A, Dietrich S, Steuer A, Weltmann KD, von Woedtke T, Masur K, et al. Non-thermal plasma activates human keratinocytes by stimulation of antioxidant and phase II pathways. J Biol Chem. 2015 Mar;290(11):6731-50.
46. Nastuta AV, Topala I, Grigoras C, Pohoata V, Popa G. Stimulation of wound healing by helium atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2011 Feb;44(10):105204.
47. Brun P, Pathak S, Castagliuolo I, Palù G, Brun P, Zuin M, et al. Helium generated cold plasma finely regulates activation of human fibroblast-like primary cells. PloS one. 2014 Aug;9(8):e104397.
48. Xu D, Wang S, Li B, Qi M, Feng R, Li Q, et al. Effects of plasma-activated water on skin wound healing in mice. Microorganisms. 2020 Jul;8(7):1091.
49. Küçük D, Savran L, Ercan UK, Yarali ZB, Karaman O, Kantarci A, et al. Evaluation of efficacy of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma in treatment of periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Sep;24(9):3133-3145.
50. Kwon J-S, Kim YH, Choi EH, Kim C-K, Kim K-N, Kim K-M. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma increased mRNA expression of growth factors in human gingival fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig . 2016 Sep;20(7):1801-8.
51. Xu D, Liu D, Wang B, Chen C, Chen Z, Li D, et al. In situ OH generation from O2− and H2O2 plays a critical role in plasma-induced cell death. PloS one. 2015 Jun;10(6):e0128205.
52. Humphries JD, Wang P, Streuli C, Geiger B, Humphries MJ, Ballestrem C. Vinculin controls focal adhesion formation by direct interactions with talin and actin. J Cell Biol. 2007 Dec 3;179(5):1043-57.
2. Zou M-L, Teng Y-Y, Wu J-J, Liu S-Y, Tang X-Y, Jia Y, et al. Fibroblasts: Heterogeneous cells with potential in regenerative therapy for scarless wound healing. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jul 20:9:713605.
3. Nanci A. Ten Cate’s Oral Histology-E-Book: Develpment, Structure and Function. Structure of the Oral Tissues. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018.
4. Vijayashree RJ, Sivapathasundharam B. The diverse role of oral fibroblasts in normal and disease. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2022 Jan-Mar;26(1):6-13.
5. Waasdorp M, Krom BP, Bikker FJ, van Zuijlen PP, Niessen FB, Gibbs S. The bigger picture: Why oral mucosa heals better than skin. Biomolecules. 2021 Aug;11(8):1165.
6. Cortés MI, Bello IG. Study of the histological and anatomical characteristics of the human oral mucosa. A step towards the developement of tailored-artificial oral mucosa. Actualidad médica. 2021;106(813):177-87.
7. Maxson S, Lopez EA, Yoo D, Danilkovitch-Miagkova A, LeRoux MA. Concise review: role of mesenchymal stem cells in wound repair. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2012 Feb;1(2):142-9.
8. Kondo T, Ohshima T. The dynamics of inflammatory cytokines in the healing process of mouse skin wound: a preliminary study for possible wound age determination. Int J Legal Med. 1996;108(5):231-6.
9. Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T, Glantz PO, Lindhe J. The mucosal attachment at different abutments: An experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 1998 Sep;25(9):721-7.
10. Cho Y-D, Kim K-H, Lee Y-M, Ku Y, Seol Y-J. Periodontal wound healing and tissue regeneration: A narrative review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 May 12;14(5):456.
11. Smolková B, Uzhytchak M, Lynnyk A, Kubinová Š, Dejneka A, Lunov O. A Critical Review on Selected External Physical Cues and Modulation of Cell Behavior: Magnetic Nanoparticles, Non-thermal Plasma and Lasers. J Funct Biomater. 2018 Dec 24;10(1):2.
12. Langmuir I. Oscillations in Ionized Gases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 1928 Aug;14(8):627-37.
13. Guazzato M, Quach L, Albakry M, Swain MV. Influence of surface and heat treatments on the flexural strength of Y-TZP dental ceramic. J Dent. 2005 Jan;33(1):9-18.
14. Annunziata M, Canullo L, Donnarumma G, Caputo P, Nastri L, Guida L. Bacterial inactivation/sterilization by argon plasma treatment on contaminated titanium implant surfaces: In vitro study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2016 Jan 1;21(1):e118-21.
15. Guo L, Smeets R, Kluwe L, Hartjen P, Barbeck M, Cacaci C, et al. Cytocompatibility of titanium, zirconia and modified PEEK after surface treatment using UV light or non-thermal plasma. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Nov 8;20(22):5596.
16. Watanabe H, Saito K, Kokubun K, Sasaki H, Yoshinari M. Change in surface properties of zirconia and initial attachment of osteoblastlike cells with hydrophilic treatment. Dent Mater J. 2012;31(5):806-14.
17. Isbary G, Shimizu T, Li YF, Stolz W, Thomas HM, Morfill GE, et al. Cold atmospheric plasma devices for medical issues. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2013 May;10(3):367-77.
18. Heinlin J, Isbary G, Stolz W, Zeman F, Landthaler M, Morfill G, et al. A randomized two-sided placebo-controlled study on the efficacy and safety of atmospheric non-thermal argon plasma for pruritus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Mar;27(3):324-31.
19. Laroussi M. Sterilization of contaminated matter with an atmospheric pressure plasma. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci. 1996 Jun;24(3):1188-91.
20. Nishime T, Borges A, Koga-Ito C, Machida M, Hein L, Kostov K. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet applied to inactivation of different microorganisms. Surf Coat Technol. 2017 Feb;312:19-24.
21. Borges AC, Kostov KG, Pessoa RS, de Abreu GM, Lima GdM, Figueira LW, et al. Applications of cold atmospheric pressure plasma in dentistry. Appl Sci. 2021 Feb;11(5):1975.
22. Fridman A, Chirokov A, Gutsol A. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure discharges. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2005 Jan;38(2):R1.
23. Brandenburg R. Dielectric barrier discharges: progress on plasma sources and on the understanding of regimes and single filaments. Plasma Sources Sci Technol. 2017 Apr;26(5):053001.
24. Chernoff G. The utilization of a nitric oxide generating serum in the treatment of active acne and acne scarred patients. Int J Pharma Anal Acta. 2020;3(1):10-4.
25. Stone JR, Yang S. Hydrogen peroxide: a signaling messenger. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006 Mar;8(3-4):243-70.
26. Kalghatgi S, Friedman G, Fridman A, Clyne AM. Endothelial cell proliferation is enhanced by low dose non-thermal plasma through fibroblast growth factor-2 release. Ann Biomed Eng. 2010 Mar;38(3):748-57.
27. Yan M, Hartjen P, Gosau M, Vollkommer T, Grust AL, Fuest S, Kluwe L, Burg S, Smeets R, Henningsen A. Effects of a novel cold atmospheric plasma treatment of titanium on the proliferation and adhesion behavior of fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 31;23(1):420.
28. Zheng M, Yang Y, Liu XQ, Liu MY, Zhang XF, Wang X, et al. Enhanced biological behavior of in vitro human gingival fibroblasts on cold plasma-treated zirconia. PLoS One. 2015 Oct 13;10(10):e0140278.
29. Lee JH, Kim YH, Choi EH, Kim KM, Kim KN. Air atmospheric-pressure plasma-jet treatment enhances the attachment of human gingival fibroblasts for early peri-implant soft tissue seals on titanium dental implant abutments. Acta Odontol Scand. 2015 Jan;73(1):67-75.
30. Balzer J, Heuer K, Demir E, Hoffmanns MA, Baldus S, Fuchs PC, et al. Non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) effects on proliferation and differentiation of human fibroblasts are primary mediated by hydrogen peroxide. PLoS One. 2015 Dec;10(12):e0144968.
31. Hoffmanns MA, Demir E, Baldus S, Balzer J, Heuer K, Fuchs PC, et al. Acidification and nitrite/nitrate accumulation by nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) affect human dermal fibroblasts. Plasma Med. 2015;5(1).
32. Shi X, Ren H, Liu J, Cai J, Xu G, Chen S, Zhang G. Effects of low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma on cell viability and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts. In2016 IEEE International Conference
on Plasma Science (ICOPS) 2016 Jun 19 (pp. 1-1). IEEE.
33. Rabel K, Kohal R-J, Steinberg T, Rolauffs B, Adolfsson E, Altmann B. Human osteoblast and fibroblast response to oral implant biomaterials functionalized with non-thermal oxygen plasma. Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 27;11(1):17302.
34. Dubuc A, Monsarrat P, Virard F, Merbahi N, Sarrette J-P, Laurencin-Dalicieux S, et al. Use of cold-atmospheric plasma in oncology: A concise systematic review. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2018 Jul 20:10:1758835918786475.
35. Tendero C, Tixier C, Tristant P, Desmaison J, Leprince P. Atmospheric pressure plasmas: A review. Spectrochim Acta B. 2006;61(1):2-30.
36. Gibalov VI, Pietsch GJ. The development of dielectric barrier discharges in gas gaps and on surfaces. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2000 Oct;33(20):2618.
37. Sonawane SK, T M, Patil S. Non-thermal plasma: An advanced technology for food industry. Food Sci Technol Int. 2020 Dec;26(8):727-740.
38. Moszczyńska J, Roszek K, Wiśniewski M. Non-Thermal Plasma Application in Medicine-Focus on Reactive Species Involvement. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Aug 11;24(16):12667.
39. Rupf S, Lehmann A, Hannig M, Schäfer B, Schubert A, Feldmann U, et al. Killing of adherent oral microbes by a non-thermal atmospheric plasma jet. J Med Microbiol. 2010 Feb;59(Pt 2):206-12.
40. Chang JW, Kang SU, Shin YS, Kim KI, Seo SJ, Yang SS, et al. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma induces apoptosis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Involvement of DNA-damage-triggering sub-G(1) arrest via the ATM/p53 pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2014 Mar;545:133-40.
41. Ma Y, Ha CS, Hwang SW, Lee HJ, Kim GC, Lee KW, et al. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma preferentially induces apoptosis in p53-mutated cancer cells by activating ROS stress-response pathways. PLoS One. 2014 Apr;9(4):e91947.
42. Kalghatgi SU, Fridman A, Friedman G, Clyne AM. Cell proliferation following non-thermal plasma is related to reactive oxygen species induced fibroblast growth factor-2 release. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009;2009:6030-3.
43. Do CB, Jaiswal MS, Jang YS, Kim UK, Kim GC, Hwang DS. Non-thermal plasma directly accelerates neuronal proliferation by stimulating axon formation. Sci Rep. 2022 Sep;12(1):15868.
44. Hwang JH, Lee HY, Chung KB, Lee HJ, Kim J, Song K, Kim DY. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dermal papilla cells. Sci Rep. 2021 Aug;11(1):16125.
45. Schmidt A, Dietrich S, Steuer A, Weltmann KD, von Woedtke T, Masur K, et al. Non-thermal plasma activates human keratinocytes by stimulation of antioxidant and phase II pathways. J Biol Chem. 2015 Mar;290(11):6731-50.
46. Nastuta AV, Topala I, Grigoras C, Pohoata V, Popa G. Stimulation of wound healing by helium atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2011 Feb;44(10):105204.
47. Brun P, Pathak S, Castagliuolo I, Palù G, Brun P, Zuin M, et al. Helium generated cold plasma finely regulates activation of human fibroblast-like primary cells. PloS one. 2014 Aug;9(8):e104397.
48. Xu D, Wang S, Li B, Qi M, Feng R, Li Q, et al. Effects of plasma-activated water on skin wound healing in mice. Microorganisms. 2020 Jul;8(7):1091.
49. Küçük D, Savran L, Ercan UK, Yarali ZB, Karaman O, Kantarci A, et al. Evaluation of efficacy of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma in treatment of periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Sep;24(9):3133-3145.
50. Kwon J-S, Kim YH, Choi EH, Kim C-K, Kim K-N, Kim K-M. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma increased mRNA expression of growth factors in human gingival fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig . 2016 Sep;20(7):1801-8.
51. Xu D, Liu D, Wang B, Chen C, Chen Z, Li D, et al. In situ OH generation from O2− and H2O2 plays a critical role in plasma-induced cell death. PloS one. 2015 Jun;10(6):e0128205.
52. Humphries JD, Wang P, Streuli C, Geiger B, Humphries MJ, Ballestrem C. Vinculin controls focal adhesion formation by direct interactions with talin and actin. J Cell Biol. 2007 Dec 3;179(5):1043-57.
| Issue | Vol 21 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Review Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v21i21.16033 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Fibroblasts Plasma Gases Narrative Review | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Pourshahidi S, Hafezi Motlagh K. Effects of Non-Thermal Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma on Human Fibroblasts: A Narrative Review. Front Dent. 2024;21.
