Effect of Fresh Orange Juice and Industrial Orange Juice on Enamel Microhardness of Primary Teeth: An In-Vitro Study
Abstract
Objectives: Increased consumption of non-alcoholic carbonated soft drinks, diet sodas, and fruit juices greatly contributes to dental erosion. This study aimed to compare the microhardness of primary tooth enamel before and after exposure to fresh and industrial (commercial) orange juices.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 30 enamel blocks were obtained from primary teeth, and randomly divided into three groups (n=10). The pH levels of fresh and commercial orange juices were measured. The enamel blocks were immersed in fresh and industrial orange juices for 10 minutes, 4 times a day, over a period of 15 days. Specimens in the third group were stored in artificial saliva to serve as the control group. Enamel microhardness was assessed using the Vickers hardness test both before and after immersion in orange juices. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and ANOVA (alpha=0.05).
Results: There was a significant decrease in enamel microhardness in both the fresh and commercial orange juice groups (P<0.001), with no significant difference in this regard between the two orange juice groups (P=0.209).
Conclusion: The microhardness of primary enamel can decrease following exposure to both fresh and commercial orange juices, but no significant difference was found between the two types regarding the enamel microhardness reduction.
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21. Bolan M, Ferreira MC, Vieira RS. Erosive effects of acidic center-filled chewing gum on primary and permanent enamel. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2008 Dec;26(4):149-52.
22. Larsen MJ, Nyvad B. Enamel erosion by some soft drinks and orange juices relative to their pH, buffering effect and contents of calcium phosphate. Caries Res. 1999;33(1):81-7.
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24. de Melo MA, Passos VF, Lima JP, Parente GC, Rodrigues LK, Santiago SL. Erosive potential of processed and fresh orange juice on human enamel. J Dent Child (Chic). 2015 Jan-Apr;82(1):10-5.
25. Larsen MJ, Richards A. Fluoride is unable to reduce dental erosion from soft drinks. Caries Res. 2002 Jan-Feb;36(1):75-80.
26. Zimmer S, Kirchner G, Bizhang M, Benedix M. Influence of various acidic beverages on tooth erosion. Evaluation by a new method. PLoS One. 2015 Jun 2;10(6):e0129462.
27. Barac R, Gasic J, Trutic N, Sunaric S, Popovic J, Djekic P, et al. Erosive Effect of Different Soft Drinks on Enamel Surface in vitro: Application of Stylus Profilometry. Med Princ Pract. 2015;24(5):451-7.
28. Torres CP, Chinelatti MA, Gomes-Silva JM, Rizóli FA, Oliveira MA, Palma-Dibb RG, et al. Surface and subsurface erosion of primary enamel by acid beverages over time. Braz Dent J. 2010;21(4):337-45.
29. Rajeev G, Lewis AJ, N S. A time based objective evaluation of the erosive effects of various beverages on enamel and cementum of deciduous and permanent teeth. J Clin Exp Dent. 2020 Jan 1;12(1):e1-e8.
30. Johansson AK, Sorvari R, Birkhed D, Meurman JH. Dental erosion in deciduous teeth--an in vivo and in vitro study. J Dent. 2001 Jul;29(5):333-40.
31. Ganss C, Klimek J, Giese K. Dental erosion in children and adolescents--a cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation using study models. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2001 Aug;29(4):264-71.
32. Harding MA, Whelton HP, Shirodaria SC, O'Mullane DM, Cronin MS. Is tooth wear in the primary dentition predictive of tooth wear in the permanent dentition? Report from a longitudinal study. Community Dent Health. 2010 Mar;27(1):41-5.
33. Inchingolo AM, Malcangi G, Ferrante L, Del Vecchio G, Viapiano F, Mancini A, et al. Damage from Carbonated Soft Drinks on Enamel: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2023 Apr 6;15(7):1785.
34. Lussi A, Carvalho TS. Analyses of the Erosive Effect of Dietary Substances and Medications on Deciduous Teeth. PLoS One. 2015 Dec 23;10(12):e0143957.
35. Ahmed RS, Saleem AI. Evaluation of the effect of natural and industrial orange juices and beverage on surface roughness of orthodontic bonding composite: An in vitro study. Dent Hypotheses. 2022 Jul;13(3):107-10.
36. Zedan HT, Jafar ZJ. A comparison of solubility among zinc oxide Eucalyptus and zinc oxide eugenol: an in vitro study. Dent Hypotheses. 2022 Oct;13(4):142-4.
2. Petersson GH, Bratthall D. The caries decline: a review of reviews. Eur J Oral Sci. 1996 Aug;104(4 ( Pt 2)):436-43.
3. Nunn J, Shaw L, Smith A. Tooth wear--dental erosion. Br Dent J. 1996 May 11;180(9):349-52.
4. Peres KG, Armênio MF, Peres MA, Traebert J, De Lacerda JT. Dental erosion in 12-year-old schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study in Southern Brazil. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2005 Jul;15(4):249-55.
5. Hughes JA, West NX, Parker DM, van den Braak MH, Addy M. Effects of pH and concentration of citric, malic and lactic acids on enamel, in vitro. J Dent. 2000 Feb;28(2):147-52.
6. Khan F YW. Tooth wear: The ABC of the worn dentition. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. p. 156–173
7. Johansson AK, Omar R, Carlsson GE, Johansson A. Dental erosion and its growing importance in clinical practice: from past to present. Int J Dent. 2012;2012:632907.
8. Taji S, Seow WK. A literature review of dental erosion in children. Aust Dent J. 2010 Dec;55(4):358-67; quiz 475.
9. Shenkin JD, Heller KE, Warren JJ, Marshall TA. Soft drink consumption and caries risk in children and adolescents. Gen Dent. 2003 Jan-Feb;51(1):30-6.
10. Kitchens M, Owens BM. Effect of carbonated beverages, coffee, sports and high energy drinks, and bottled water on the in vitro erosion characteristics of dental enamel. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2007 Spring;31(3):153-9.
11. Davari A KM, Ataei E, Kazemi AD. Effect of bleaching on the microhardness of tooth-colored restorative materials. J Dent Med. 2013 Aug;26(3):194-202.
12. Al-Malik MI, Holt RD, Bedi R. The relationship between erosion, caries and rampant caries and dietary habits in preschool children in Saudi Arabia. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2001 Nov;11(6):430-9.
13. Korte A, Angelopoulou MV, Maroulakos G. Assessing the Effect of Low Calorie Soda Beverages on Primary Tooth Enamel: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019;43(3):190-195.
14. Tocolini DG, Dalledone M, Brancher JA, de Souza JF, Gonzaga CC. Evaluation of the erosive capacity of children's beverages on primary teeth enamel: An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2018 Apr 1;10(4):e383-e387.
15. Gupta R, Madan M, Dua P, Saini S, Mangla R, Kainthla T, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Microhardness by Common Drinks on Esthetic Restorative Materials and Enamel: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2018 May-Jun;11(3):155-160.
16. Gonçalves GK, Guglielmi Cde A, Corrêa FN, Raggio DP, Corrêa MS. Erosive potential of different types of grape juices. Braz Oral Res. 2012 Sep-Oct;26(5):457-63.
17. Gumilang SA MR, Djauharie N. Assessing the impact of immersing teeth in fresh orange juice and commercial orange juice on enamel hardness: an in vitro study. J Phys Conf Ser. 2018 Aug;1073(3):032018.
18. Barbour ME, Parker DM, Allen GC, Jandt KD. Human enamel erosion in constant composition citric acid solutions as a function of degree of saturation with respect to hydroxyapatite. J Oral Rehabil. 2005 Jan;32(1):16-21.
19. Shellis RP, Barbour ME, Jones SB, Addy M. Effects of pH and acid concentration on erosive dissolution of enamel, dentine, and compressed hydroxyapatite. Eur J Oral Sci. 2010 Oct;118(5):475-82.
20. Meira IA, Dos Santos EJ, Fernandes NL, de Sousa ET, de Oliveira AF, Sampaio FC. Erosive effect of industrialized fruit juices exposure in enamel and dentine substrates: An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021 Jan 1;13(1):e48-e55.
21. Bolan M, Ferreira MC, Vieira RS. Erosive effects of acidic center-filled chewing gum on primary and permanent enamel. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2008 Dec;26(4):149-52.
22. Larsen MJ, Nyvad B. Enamel erosion by some soft drinks and orange juices relative to their pH, buffering effect and contents of calcium phosphate. Caries Res. 1999;33(1):81-7.
23. Lee CY JT, Kim S. A study on the enamel erosion caused by orange juices. J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent. 2004;31(4):617-23.
24. de Melo MA, Passos VF, Lima JP, Parente GC, Rodrigues LK, Santiago SL. Erosive potential of processed and fresh orange juice on human enamel. J Dent Child (Chic). 2015 Jan-Apr;82(1):10-5.
25. Larsen MJ, Richards A. Fluoride is unable to reduce dental erosion from soft drinks. Caries Res. 2002 Jan-Feb;36(1):75-80.
26. Zimmer S, Kirchner G, Bizhang M, Benedix M. Influence of various acidic beverages on tooth erosion. Evaluation by a new method. PLoS One. 2015 Jun 2;10(6):e0129462.
27. Barac R, Gasic J, Trutic N, Sunaric S, Popovic J, Djekic P, et al. Erosive Effect of Different Soft Drinks on Enamel Surface in vitro: Application of Stylus Profilometry. Med Princ Pract. 2015;24(5):451-7.
28. Torres CP, Chinelatti MA, Gomes-Silva JM, Rizóli FA, Oliveira MA, Palma-Dibb RG, et al. Surface and subsurface erosion of primary enamel by acid beverages over time. Braz Dent J. 2010;21(4):337-45.
29. Rajeev G, Lewis AJ, N S. A time based objective evaluation of the erosive effects of various beverages on enamel and cementum of deciduous and permanent teeth. J Clin Exp Dent. 2020 Jan 1;12(1):e1-e8.
30. Johansson AK, Sorvari R, Birkhed D, Meurman JH. Dental erosion in deciduous teeth--an in vivo and in vitro study. J Dent. 2001 Jul;29(5):333-40.
31. Ganss C, Klimek J, Giese K. Dental erosion in children and adolescents--a cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation using study models. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2001 Aug;29(4):264-71.
32. Harding MA, Whelton HP, Shirodaria SC, O'Mullane DM, Cronin MS. Is tooth wear in the primary dentition predictive of tooth wear in the permanent dentition? Report from a longitudinal study. Community Dent Health. 2010 Mar;27(1):41-5.
33. Inchingolo AM, Malcangi G, Ferrante L, Del Vecchio G, Viapiano F, Mancini A, et al. Damage from Carbonated Soft Drinks on Enamel: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2023 Apr 6;15(7):1785.
34. Lussi A, Carvalho TS. Analyses of the Erosive Effect of Dietary Substances and Medications on Deciduous Teeth. PLoS One. 2015 Dec 23;10(12):e0143957.
35. Ahmed RS, Saleem AI. Evaluation of the effect of natural and industrial orange juices and beverage on surface roughness of orthodontic bonding composite: An in vitro study. Dent Hypotheses. 2022 Jul;13(3):107-10.
36. Zedan HT, Jafar ZJ. A comparison of solubility among zinc oxide Eucalyptus and zinc oxide eugenol: an in vitro study. Dent Hypotheses. 2022 Oct;13(4):142-4.
| Issue | Vol 23 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| Keywords | ||
| Tooth Deciduous Dental Enamel Hardness Citrus Sinensis | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Kazemi Roudsari P, Attarzadeh H. Effect of Fresh Orange Juice and Industrial Orange Juice on Enamel Microhardness of Primary Teeth: An In-Vitro Study. Front Dent. 2026;23.
