Original Article

Effect of Remineralizing Agents on Tooth Color After Home Bleaching

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose was to investigate the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) paste, Remin Pro paste, and 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF) mouthwash on teeth discoloration after home bleaching.
Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 48 intact and unstained human incisors were divided into four groups (n=12): control (Group 1), CPP-ACPF paste (Group 2), Remin Pro paste (Group 3), and 0.05% NaF mouthwash (Group 4). The specimens were bleached using 20% carbamide peroxide gel for 21 days and were subjected to pH cycling and surface treatment with remineralizing agents for one month. The color of the specimens was determined according to the CIELAB color space at baseline, after bleaching, and after surface treatment. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc least significant difference (LSD) test, and one-sample t-test (P=0.05).
Results: ANOVA showed a significant difference in the mean ΔE of the four groups after surface treatment (P<0.05). Post-hoc LSD test showed a significant difference between the mean ΔE of the control group and those of the treatment groups (P<0.05) with no significant difference between the treatment groups, except for Remin Pro. The mean ΔE and ΔL of the Remin Pro group showed less change than those of the CPP-ACPF and NaF groups, indicating that Remin Pro has the lowest potential for post-bleaching tooth discoloration.
Conclusion: CPP-ACPF paste, Remin Pro paste, and 0.05% NaF mouthwash cause noticeable teeth discoloration immediately after bleaching. Remin Pro has less effect on tooth color than the other two products.

. Sasaki RT, Arcanjo AJ, Flório FM, Basting RT. Micromorphology and microhardness of enamel after treatment with home-use bleaching agents containing 10% carbamide peroxide and 7.5% hydrogen peroxide. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2009 Dec;17(6):611-6.

Alkhatib MN, Holt R, Bedi R. Prevalence of self-assessed tooth discolouration in the United Kingdom. Journal of dentistry. 2004 Sep 30;32(7):561-6.

FARAONI‐ROMANO JJ, Da Silveira AG, Turssi CP, Serra MC. Bleaching agents with varying concentrations of carbamide and/or hydrogen peroxides: effect on dental microhardness and roughness. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2008 Dec 1;20(6):395-402.

Mahmoud SH, Elembaby AE, Zaher AR, Grawish ME, Elsabaa HM, El-Negoly SA, Sobh MA. Effect of 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on enamel and dentin surface micromorphology and roughness of uremic patients: an atomic force microscopic study. European journal of dentistry. 2010 Apr;4(2):175.

Haywood VB, Leech T, Heymann HO, Crumpler D, Bruggers K. Nightguard vital bleaching: effects on enamel surface texture and diffusion. Quintessence international. 1990 Oct 1;21(10).

Cavalli V, Rodrigues LK, Paes-Leme AF, Brancalion ML, Arruda MA, Berger SB, Giannini M. Effects of bleaching agents containing fluoride and calcium on human enamel. Quintessence International. 2010 Sep 1;41(8).

Dahl JE, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching—a critical review of the biological aspects. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine. 2003 Jul;14(4):292-304.

Joiner A. The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature. Journal of dentistry. 2006 Aug 31;34(7):412-9.

Arends J, Jongebloed WL, Goldberg M, Schuthof J. Interaction of urea and human enamel. Caries Research. 1984;18(1):17-24.

Mondelli RF, Azevedo JF, Francisconi PA, Ishikiriama SK, Mondelli J. Wear and surface roughness of bovine enamel submitted to bleaching. Eur J Esthet Dent. 2009 Dec 1;4(4):396-403.

Dietschi D, Benbachir N, Krejci I. In vitro colorimetric evaluation of the efficacy of home bleaching and over-the-counter bleaching products. Quintessence International. 2010 Jun 1;41(6).

Manton DJ, Bhide R, Hopcraft MS, Reynolds EC. Effect of ozone and Tooth MousseTM on the efficacy of peroxide bleaching. Australian dental journal. 2008 Jun 1;53(2):128-32.

Borges BC, Borges JS, De Melo CD, Pinheiro IV, Santos AD, Braz R, Montes MA. Efficacy of a novel at-home bleaching technique with carbamide peroxides modified by CPP-ACP and its effect on the microhardness of bleached enamel. Operative dentistry. 2011 Oct;36(5):521-8.

Borges BC, Vasconselos AA, Cunha AG, Pinheiro FH, Machado CT, Santos AJ. Preliminary Clinical Reports of a Novel Night-Guard Tooth Bleaching Technique Modified by Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP). European Journal of Esthetic Dentistry. 2011 Dec 1;6(4).

Kamath U, Sheth H, Mullur D, Soubhagya M. The effect of Remin Pro® on bleached enamel hardness: An in-vitro study. Indian journal of dental research. 2013 Nov 1;24(6):690.

Darshan HE, Shashikiran ND. The effect of McInnes solution on enamel and the effect of Tooth mousse on bleached enamel: An in vitro study. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD. 2008 Apr;11(2):86.

Hora BS. Influence of McInnes bleaching agent on hardness of enamel and the effect of remineralizing gel GC tooth mousse on bleached enamel-An in vitro study. studies. 2012;7:8.

Bernardon JK, Sartori N, Ballarin A, Perdigão J, Lopes G, Baratieri LN. Clinical performance of vital bleaching techniques. Operative Dentistry. 2010 Jan;35(1):3-10.

Bizhang M, Chun YP, Damerau K, Singh P, Raab WH, Zimmer S. Comparative clinical study of the effectiveness of three different bleaching methods. Operative dentistry. 2009 Nov;34(6):635-41.

Attin T, Betke H, Schippan F, Wiegand A. Potential of fluoridated carbamide peroxide gels to support post-bleaching enamel re-hardening. Journal of Dentistry. 2007 Sep 30;35(9):755-9.

Türkün M, Celik EU, ALADAĞ A, Gökay N. One‐Year Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of a New Daytime At‐Home Bleaching Technique. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2010 Apr 1;22(2):139-46.

Gomes MN, Francci C, Medeiros IS, SALGADO NR, Riehl H, Marasca JM, Muench A. Effect of light irradiation on tooth whitening: enamel microhardness and color change. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2009 Dec 1;21(6):387-94.

Da Costa JB, McPharlin R, Paravina RD, Ferracane JL. Comparison of at-home and in-office tooth whitening using a novel shade guide. Operative dentistry. 2010 Jul;35(4):381-8.

Sulieman M, Macdonald E, Addy M. Tooth bleaching by different concentrations of carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide whitening strips: an in vitro study. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2006 Mar 1;18(2):93-100.

Giniger M, MACDONALD J, ZIEMBA S, FELIX H. The clinical performance of professionally dispensed bleaching gel with added amorphous calcium phosphate. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2005 Mar 31;136(3):383-92.

Westland S. Review of the CIE system of colorimetry and its use in dentistry. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2003 Dec 1;15(s1).

Havwood VB, Leonard RH, Nelson CF, Brunson WD. Effectiveness, side effects and long-term status of nightguard vital bleaching. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1994 Sep 1;125(9):1219-26.

Soldani P, Amaral CM, Rodrigues JA. Microhardness evaluation of in situ vital bleaching and thickening agents on human dental enamel. International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry. 2010 Mar 1;30(2).

Rodrigues JA, Marchi GM, Ambrosano GM, Heymann HO, Pimenta LA. Microhardness evaluation of in situ vital bleaching on human dental enamel using a novel study design. Dental Materials. 2005 Nov 30;21(11):1059-67.

TÜRKÜN M, Sevgican F, Pehlivan Y, Aktener BO. Effects of 10% carbamide peroxide on the enamel surface morphology: a scanning electron microscopy study. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2002 Jul 1;14(4):238-44.

BURGMAIER GM, Schulze IM, Attin T. Fluoride uptake and development of artificial erosions in bleached and fluoridated enamel in vitro. Journal of oral rehabilitation. 2002 Sep 1;29(9):799-804.

Borges AB, Samezima LY, Fonseca LP, Yui KC, Borges AL, Torres CR. Influence of potentially remineralizing agents on bleached enamel microhardness. Operative Dentistry. 2009 Sep;34(5):593-7.

Cavalli V, Rodrigues LK, Paes-Leme AF, Brancalion ML, Arruda MA, Berger SB, Giannini M. Effects of bleaching agents containing fluoride and calcium on human enamel. Quintessence International. 2010 Sep 1;41(8).

Cochrane NJ, Cai F, Huq NL, Burrow MF, Reynolds EC. New approaches to enhanced remineralization of tooth enamel. Journal of dental research. 2010 Nov;89(11):1187-97.

Tschoppe P, Neumann K, Mueller J, Kielbassa AM. Effect of fluoridated bleaching gels on the remineralization of predemineralized bovine enamel in vitro. journal of dentistry. 2009 Feb 28;37(2):156-62.

Giniger M, MACDONALD J, ZIEMBA S, FELIX H. The clinical performance of professionally dispensed bleaching gel with added amorphous calcium phosphate. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2005 Mar 31;136(3):383-92.

Attin T, Betke H, Schippan F, Wiegand A. Potential of fluoridated carbamide peroxide gels to support post-bleaching enamel re-hardening. Journal of Dentistry. 2007 Sep 30;35(9):755-9.

Tay LY, Kose C, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Assessing the effect of a desensitizing agent used before in-office tooth bleaching. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2009 Oct 31;140(10):1245-51.

Armênio RV, Fitarelli F, Armênio MF, Demarco FF, Reis A, Loguercio AD. The effect of fluoride gel use on bleaching sensitivity: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2008 May 31;139(5):592-7.

Chen HP, Chang CH, Liu JK, Chuang SF, Yang JY. Effect of fluoride containing bleaching agents on enamel surface properties. Journal of dentistry. 2008 Sep 30;36(9):718-25.

Kim YS, Kwon HK, Kim BI. Effect of nano-carbonate apatite to prevent re-stain after dental bleaching in vitro. Journal of dentistry. 2011 Sep 30;39(9):636-42.

Torres CR, Wiegand A, Sener B, Attin T. Influence of chemical activation of a 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel on its penetration and efficacy—in vitro study. Journal of dentistry. 2010 Oct 31;38(10):838-46.

Files
IssueVol 16, No 3 (2019) QRcode
SectionOriginal Article
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v16i3.1586
Keywords
Tooth Bleaching Tooth Remineralization Spectrophotometer

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Malekipour M, Norouzi Z, Shahlaei S. Effect of Remineralizing Agents on Tooth Color After Home Bleaching. Front Dent. 2019;16(3):158-165.