Effect of Three Bleaching Protocols on Tooth Discoloration Caused by Hemoglobin
Abstract
Objectives: This study assessed the efficacy of different combinations of oxalic acid, 35% hydrogen peroxide, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for bleaching of tooth discolorations caused by hemoglobin.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 40 sound extracted human premolars were disinfected and decoronated. Their primary color parameters were measured (T1). The teeth were then centrifuged with human blood for 3 days, rinsed, polished, and their color parameters were measured again (T2). They were randomly divided into 4 groups (N=10) and treated as follows: Group A: in-office bleaching with Pola-Office Plus followed by 30 seconds of light-curing, group B: 0.24 M oxalic acid for 5 minutes followed by in-office bleaching, group C: 5.25% NaOCl for 5 minutes followed by in-office bleaching, and group D: 0.24 M oxalic acid (5 minutes) followed by 5.25% NaOCl (5 minutes) and subsequent application of in-office bleaching gel. The color parameters of the teeth were measured again (T3). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and paired sample t-test (alpha=0.05).
Results: T2-T3 ∆E in groups B and D was significantly higher than that in group A (P<0.05); the difference between groups B and D was not significant. The mean ∆E and ∆L in group C were not significantly different from those in group A (P>0.05). ∆L significantly and equally increased in groups B and D after bleaching.
Conclusion: Application of oxalic acid followed by in-office bleaching gel is more effective than the bleaching gel alone for correction of tooth discolorations caused by hemoglobin.
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33. Luo W, Westland S, Brunton P, Ellwood R, Pretty IA, Mohan N. Comparison of the ability of different colour indices to assess changes in tooth whiteness. J Dent. 2007 Feb;35(2):109-16.
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35. Martin-Biedma B, Gonzalez-Gonzalez T, Lopes M, Lopes L, Vilar R, Bahillo J, et al. Colorimeter and scanning electron microscopy analysis of teeth submitted to internal bleaching. J Endod. 2010 Feb;36(2):334-7.
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37. Siew C; American Dental Association. ADA guidelines for the acceptance of tooth-whitening products. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl. 2000;(28):S44-7.
38. Al-Mobarak NA. Effect of oxalic acid on the dissolution of magnetite coupled with iron of various surface area. Int J Electrochem Sci. 2008 Jun;3(6):666-75.
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40. Ashaari Z, Hanim R, Tahir PM, Nizam N. Effects of Peroxide and Oxalic Acid Bleaching on the Colour and Gluing Properties of Some Tropical Bamboos. J Biol Sci. 2004;4(2):90-4.
2. Alqahtani MQ. Tooth-bleaching procedures and their controversial effects: A literature review. Saudi Dent J. 2014 Apr;26(2):33-46.
3. Haywood VB. Overview and status of mouthguard bleaching. J Esthet Restor Dent. 1991 Sep;3(5):157-61.
4. Hørsted-Bindslev P, Løvschall H. Treatment outcome of vital pulp treatment. Endodontic Topics. 2002 Jul;2(1):24-34.
5. Dickson CF, Kumar KK, Jacques DA, Malmirchegini GR, Spirig T, Mackay JP, et al. Structure of the Hemoglobin-IsdH Complex Reveals the Molecular Basis of Iron Capture by Staphylococcus aureus. J Biol Chem. 2014 Mar;289(10):6728-38.
6. Zollinger A, Attin T, Mohn D, Zehnder M. Effects of endodontic irrigants on blood and blood-stained dentin. Heliyon. 2019 May;5(5):e01794.
7. Lee SO, Tran T, Jung BH, Kim SJ, Kim MJ. Dissolution of iron oxide using oxalic acid. Hydrometallurgy. 2007 Jul;87(3-4):91-9.
8. Sultana U, Kurny A. Dissolution kinetics of iron oxides in clay in oxalic acid solutions. Int J Miner Metall Mater. 2012 Dec;19(12):1083-7.
9. Sjode A, Jonsson LJ, Nilvebrant N-O, editors. Oxalic Acid in Bleaching Processes-Formation and Management. 59th Appita Annual Conference and Exhibition: Incorporating the 13th ISWFPC (International Symposium on Wood, Fibre and Pulping Chemistry), Auckland, New Zealand, 16-19 May 2005: Proceedings; 2005: Appita Inc.
10. Bretherick L. Bretherick’s handbook of reactive chemical hazards: Elsevier; 2016.
11. Torabinejad M. Root canal irrigants and disinfectants. Endodontics: Colleagues for Excellence. 2011:2-7.
12. Nakatani H, Mine A, Matsumoto M, Tajiri Y, Hagino R, Yumitate M, et al. Effectiveness of pretreatment with phosphoric acid, sodium hypochlorite and sulfinic acid sodium salt on root canal dentin resin bonding. J Prosthodont Res. 2020;64(3):272-80.
13. Penumatsa NV, Sharanesha RB. Bleaching of fluorosis stains using sodium hypochlorite. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2015 Aug;7(Suppl 2):S766-8.
14. Flores AC, Reyes HF, Moscoso AG, Castanedo Cázares JP, Pozos Guillén Ad. Clinical efficacy of 5% sodium hypochlorite for removal of stains caused by dental fluorosis. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2009 Apr;33(3):187-92.
15. Joshi SB. An overview of vital teeth bleaching. J Interdiscip Dentistry. 2016 Jan;6(1):3-13.
16. Freccia WF, Peters DD. A technique for staining extracted teeth: a research and teaching aid for bleaching. J Endod. 1982 Feb 1;8(2):67-9.
17. Marin P, Bartold P, Heithersay G. Tooth discoloration by blood: an in vitro histochemical study. Dent Traumatol. 1997 Jun;13(3):132-8.
18. Chapple J. Restoring discolored teeth to normal. Dent Cosmos. 1877 Sep;19:449.
19. Liberato WF, Barreto IC, Costa PP, de Almeida CC, Pimentel W, Tiossi R. A comparison between visual, intraoral scanner, and spectrophotometer shade matching: A clinical study. J Prosthet Dent. 2019 Feb;121(2):271-5.
20. Joiner A, Luo W. Tooth colour and whiteness: A review. J Dent. 2017 Dec;67:S3-S10.
21. Zhu W, Liu C, Pan J. [Assessment of tooth bleaching efficacy with spectrophotometer]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2014 Jun;32(3):259-62.
22. Gupta A, Dhingra R, Chaudhuri P, Gupta A. A comparison of various minimally invasive techniques for the removal of dental fluorosis stains in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2017 Jul;35(3):260.
23. Belkhir MS, Douki N. A new concept for removal of dental fluorosis stains. J Endod. 1991 Jun;17(6):288-92.
24. Ghousia S, Naik NS, Reddy VS. Spectrophotometric analysis on bleaching efficacy of blood stained demineralized and deproteinized dentin–An in vitro study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2010 Jul;34(4):303-8.
25. Kaneko J, Inoue S, Kawakami S, Sano H. Bleaching effect of sodium percarbonate on discolored pulpless teeth in vitro. J Endod. 2000 Jan;26(1):25-8.
26. Marin P, Heithersay G, Bridges T. A quantitative comparison of traditional and non-peroxide bleaching agents. Dent Traumatol. 1998 Apr;14(2):64-7.
27. Shokouhinejad N, Razmi H, Farbod M, Alikhasi M, Camilleri J. Coronal tooth discoloration induced by regenerative endodontic treatment using different scaffolds and intracanal coronal barriers: a 6-month ex vivo study. Restor Dent Endod. 2019 Aug;44(3):e25.
28. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 784, Hydrogen peroxide: National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2020 [Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Hydrogen-peroxide.
29. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 23665760, Sodium hypochlorite: National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004; 2020 [Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hypochlorite.
30. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 61373, Oxalic acid dihydrate: National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004; 2020 [Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Oxalic-acid-dihydrate.
31. Sharp KA, Vanderkooi JM. Water in the half shell: structure of water, focusing on angular structure and solvation.
Acc Chem Res. 2010 Feb;43(2):231-9.
32. Tartari T, Bachmann L, Maliza AGA, Andrade FB, Duarte MAH, Bramante CM. Tissue dissolution and modifications in dentin composition by different sodium hypochlorite concentrations. J Appl Oral Sci. 2016 May;24(3):291-8.
33. Luo W, Westland S, Brunton P, Ellwood R, Pretty IA, Mohan N. Comparison of the ability of different colour indices to assess changes in tooth whiteness. J Dent. 2007 Feb;35(2):109-16.
34. Gerlach RW, Barker ML, Sagel PA. Objective and subjective whitening response of two self-directed bleaching systems. Am J Dent. 2002 Sep;15:7-12A.
35. Martin-Biedma B, Gonzalez-Gonzalez T, Lopes M, Lopes L, Vilar R, Bahillo J, et al. Colorimeter and scanning electron microscopy analysis of teeth submitted to internal bleaching. J Endod. 2010 Feb;36(2):334-7.
36. Lima FG, Rotta TA, Penso S, Meireles SS, Demarco FF. In vitro evaluation of the whitening effect of mouth rinses containing hydrogen peroxide. Braz Oral Res 2012;26(3):269-74.
37. Siew C; American Dental Association. ADA guidelines for the acceptance of tooth-whitening products. Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl. 2000;(28):S44-7.
38. Al-Mobarak NA. Effect of oxalic acid on the dissolution of magnetite coupled with iron of various surface area. Int J Electrochem Sci. 2008 Jun;3(6):666-75.
39. Santawaja P, Kudo S, Tahara A, Asano S, Hayashi JI. Dissolution of iron oxides highly loaded in oxalic acid aqueous solution for a potential application in iron-making. ISIJ Int. 2022 Dec 15;62(12):2466-75.
40. Ashaari Z, Hanim R, Tahir PM, Nizam N. Effects of Peroxide and Oxalic Acid Bleaching on the Colour and Gluing Properties of Some Tropical Bamboos. J Biol Sci. 2004;4(2):90-4.
| Issue | Vol 21 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v21i29.16144 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Tooth Bleaching Hemoglobins Hydrogen Peroxide Oxalic Acid Sodium Hypochlorite | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Panahandeh N, Sedighi S, Mohammadkhani S, Nejadkarimi S, Ghasemi A. Effect of Three Bleaching Protocols on Tooth Discoloration Caused by Hemoglobin. Front Dent. 2024;21.
