Effect of Various Cleaning Methods on Microshear Bond Strength of Contaminated Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal Ceramic to Self-Adhesive Resin Cement, and Surface Wettability
Abstract
Objectives: This study evaluated the impact of different cleaning methods on microshear bond strength (µSBS) of contaminated yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic to self-adhesive resin cement, and surface wettability.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, sandblasted zirconia plates measuring 10×10×3mm were randomly divided into 6 groups: a non-contaminated (NC) negative control group and 5 experimental groups that were contaminated with human blood and saliva, and cleaned with (c) air-water spray (CW) as positive control, (c) 70% ethanol (CE), (d) 1.0wt% sodium hypochlorite (SHC), (e) Zirclean (CZ), and (f) nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) (air plasma type). Surface wettability was then calculated. Sixteen Tygon tubes (0.8×2mm) filled with Theracem self-adhesive resin cement were bonded to the zirconia specimens, and underwent µSBS testing after one week of storage. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05).
Results: SHC and NTAP yielded the highest µSBS values, with no significant difference with the NC group (P>0.05). CW produced the lowest µSBS, which was not significantly different from the CE and CZ (P>0.05). CE showed the highest contact angle, which was not significantly different from the NC and CZ (P>0.05); SHC produced the lowest contact angle. There was no significant difference in contact angle between NTAP and CW (P>0.05), but their contact angle was larger than that of SHC (P=0.014).
Conclusion: Cleaning zirconia with SHC and NTAP controlled the impact of saliva and blood contamination, and produced a µSBS to self-adhesive resin cement comparable to the positive control.
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2. Özcan M, Bernasconi M. Adhesion to zirconia used for dental restorations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adhes Dent. 2015 Feb;17(1):7-26.
3. Weiser F, Behr M. Self-adhesive resin cements: a clinical review. J Prosthodont. 2015 Feb;24(2):100-8.
4. Kern M. Bonding to oxide ceramics—laboratory testing versus clinical outcome. Dent Mater. 2015 Jan;31(1):8-14.
5. Zhang S, Kocjan A, Lehmann F, Kosmac T, Kern M. Influence of contamination on resin bond strength to nano-structured alumina-coated zirconia ceramic. Eur J Oral Sci. 2010 Aug;118(4):396-403.
6. Hannig M. Transmission electron microscopic study of in vivo pellicle formation on dental restorative materials. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997 Oct;105(5 Pt 1):422-33.
7. Hannig C, Hannig M. The oral cavity--a key system to understand substratum-dependent bioadhesion on solid surfaces in man. Clin Oral Investig. 2009 Jun;13(2):123-39.
8. Yang B, Lange-Jansen HC, Scharnberg M, Wolfart S, Ludwig K, Adelung R, et al. Influence of saliva contamination on zirconia ceramic bonding. Dent Mater. 2008 Apr;24(4):508-13.
9. Lima EM, Koo H, Vacca Smith AM, Rosalen PL, Del Bel Cury AA. Adsorption of salivary and serum proteins, and bacterial adherence on titanium and zirconia ceramic surfaces. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008 Aug;19(8):780-5.
10. Ishii R, Tsujimoto A, Takamizawa T, Tsubota K, Suzuki T, Shimamura Y, et al. Influence of surface treatment of contaminated zirconia on surface free energy and resin cement bonding. Dent Mater J. 2015;34(1):91-7.
11. Güers P, Wille S, Strunskus T, Polonskyi O, Kern M. Durability of resin bonding to zirconia ceramic after contamination and the use of various cleaning methods. Dent Mater. 2019 Oct;35(10):1388-1396.
12. Craig RG, editor. Restorative dental materials. Mosby; 1980.
13. Angkasith P, Burgess JO, Bottino MC, Lawson NC. Cleaning Methods for Zirconia Following Salivary Contamination. J Prosthodont. 2016 Jul;25(5):375-9.
14. Takahashi A, Takagaki T, Wada T, Uo M, Nikaido T, Tagami J. The effect of different cleaning agents on saliva contamination for bonding performance of zirconia ceramics. Dent Mater J. 2018 Sep 30;37(5):734-739.
15. Yoshida K. Influence of cleaning methods on resin bonding to saliva-contaminated zirconia. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018 May;30(3):259-264.
16. Kern M. Resin bonding to oxide ceramics for dental restorations. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. 2009 Jan 1;23(7-8):1097-111.
17. Kim DH, Son JS, Jeong SH, Kim YK, Kim KH, Kwon TY. Efficacy of various cleaning solutions on saliva-contaminated zirconia for improved resin bonding. J Adv Prosthodont. 2015 Apr;7(2):85-92.
18. Zhang Y, Lawn BR, Rekow ED, Thompson VP. Effect of sandblasting on the long-term performance of dental ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2004 Nov 15;71(2):381-6.
19. McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999 Jan;12(1):147-79.
20. Hoffmann C, Berganza C, Zhang J. Cold Atmospheric Plasma: methods of production and application in dentistry and oncology. Med Gas Res. 2013 Oct 1;3(1):21.
21. Chen M, Zhang Y, Sky Driver M, Caruso AN, Yu Q, Wang Y. Surface modification of several dental substrates by non-thermal, atmospheric plasma brush. Dent Mater. 2013 Aug;29(8):871-80.
22. Valverde GB, Coelho PG, Janal MN, Lorenzoni FC, Carvalho RM, Thompson VP, et al. Surface characterisation and bonding of Y-TZP following non-thermal plasma treatment. J Dent. 2013 Jan;41(1):51-9.
23. Kury M, Moura Antonialli F, S Soares LE, Pereira Machado Tabchoury C, Giannini M, Esteban Florez FL, et al. Effects of violet radiation and nonthermal atmospheric plasma on the mineral contents of enamel during in-office dental bleaching. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020 Sep;31:101848.
24. Naïtali M, Kamgang-Youbi G, Herry JM, Bellon-Fontaine MN, Brisset JL. Combined effects of long-living chemical species during microbial inactivation using atmospheric plasma-treated water. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Nov;76(22):7662-4.
25. Fricke K, Koban I, Tresp H, Jablonowski L, Schröder K, Kramer A, et al. Atmospheric pressure plasma: a high-performance tool for the efficient removal of biofilms. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42539.
26. Liu Y, Liu Q, Yu QS, Wang Y. Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasmas in Dental Restoration. J Dent Res. 2016 May;95(5):496-505.
27. Ayres AP, Freitas PH, De Munck J, Vananroye A, Clasen C, Dias CDS, et al. Benefits of Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Treatment on Dentin Adhesion. Oper Dent. 2018 Nov/Dec;43(6):E288-E299.
28. Negreiros WM, Ambrosano GMB, Giannini M. Effect of cleaning agent, primer application and their combination on the bond strength of a resin cement to two yttrium-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal zirconia ceramics. Eur J Dent. 2017 Jan-Mar;11(1):6-11.
29. Casucci A, Monticelli F, Goracci C, Mazzitelli C, Cantoro A, Papacchini F, et al. Effect of surface pre-treatments on the zirconia ceramic-resin cement microtensile bond strength. Dent Mater. 2011 Oct;27(10):1024-30.
30. Blatz MB, Sadan A, Martin J, Lang B. In vitro evaluation of shear bond strengths of resin to densely-sintered high-purity zirconium-oxide ceramic after long-term storage and thermal cycling. J Prosthet Dent. 2004 Apr;91(4):356-62.
31. Yang B, Scharnberg M, Wolfart S, Quaas AC, Ludwig K, Adelung R, et al. Influence of contamination on bonding to zirconia ceramic. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2007 May;81(2):283-90.
32. Kelly JR, Denry I. Stabilized zirconia as a structural ceramic: an overview. Dent Mater. 2008 Mar;24(3):289-98.
33. Aboushelib MN, Matinlinna JP, Salameh Z, Ounsi H. Innovations in bonding to zirconia-based materials: Part I. Dent Mater. 2008 Sep;24(9):1268-72.
34. Al-Dobaei E, Al-Akhali M, Polonskyi O, Strunskus T, Wille S, Kern M. Influence of Cleaning Methods on Resin Bonding to Contaminated Translucent 3Y-TZP ceramic. J Adhes Dent. 2020;22(4):383-391.
35. Tanaka J, Nakai H. Application of root canal cleaning agents having dissolving abilities of collagen to the surface treatment for enhanced bonding of resin to dentin. Dent Mater J. 1993 Dec;12(2):196-208.
36. Baumgartner JC, Cuenin PR. Efficacy of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation. J Endod. 1992 Dec;18(12):605-12.
37. Matinlinna JP, Heikkinen T, Ozcan M, Lassila LV, Vallittu PK. Evaluation of resin adhesion to zirconia ceramic using some organosilanes. Dent Mater. 2006 Sep;22(9):824-31.
38. Del Carpio-Perochena AE, Bramante CM, Duarte MA, Cavenago BC, Villas-Boas MH, Graeff MS, et al. Biofilm dissolution and cleaning ability of different irrigant solutions on intraorally infected dentin. J Endod. 2011 Aug;37(8):1134-8.
2. Özcan M, Bernasconi M. Adhesion to zirconia used for dental restorations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adhes Dent. 2015 Feb;17(1):7-26.
3. Weiser F, Behr M. Self-adhesive resin cements: a clinical review. J Prosthodont. 2015 Feb;24(2):100-8.
4. Kern M. Bonding to oxide ceramics—laboratory testing versus clinical outcome. Dent Mater. 2015 Jan;31(1):8-14.
5. Zhang S, Kocjan A, Lehmann F, Kosmac T, Kern M. Influence of contamination on resin bond strength to nano-structured alumina-coated zirconia ceramic. Eur J Oral Sci. 2010 Aug;118(4):396-403.
6. Hannig M. Transmission electron microscopic study of in vivo pellicle formation on dental restorative materials. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997 Oct;105(5 Pt 1):422-33.
7. Hannig C, Hannig M. The oral cavity--a key system to understand substratum-dependent bioadhesion on solid surfaces in man. Clin Oral Investig. 2009 Jun;13(2):123-39.
8. Yang B, Lange-Jansen HC, Scharnberg M, Wolfart S, Ludwig K, Adelung R, et al. Influence of saliva contamination on zirconia ceramic bonding. Dent Mater. 2008 Apr;24(4):508-13.
9. Lima EM, Koo H, Vacca Smith AM, Rosalen PL, Del Bel Cury AA. Adsorption of salivary and serum proteins, and bacterial adherence on titanium and zirconia ceramic surfaces. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008 Aug;19(8):780-5.
10. Ishii R, Tsujimoto A, Takamizawa T, Tsubota K, Suzuki T, Shimamura Y, et al. Influence of surface treatment of contaminated zirconia on surface free energy and resin cement bonding. Dent Mater J. 2015;34(1):91-7.
11. Güers P, Wille S, Strunskus T, Polonskyi O, Kern M. Durability of resin bonding to zirconia ceramic after contamination and the use of various cleaning methods. Dent Mater. 2019 Oct;35(10):1388-1396.
12. Craig RG, editor. Restorative dental materials. Mosby; 1980.
13. Angkasith P, Burgess JO, Bottino MC, Lawson NC. Cleaning Methods for Zirconia Following Salivary Contamination. J Prosthodont. 2016 Jul;25(5):375-9.
14. Takahashi A, Takagaki T, Wada T, Uo M, Nikaido T, Tagami J. The effect of different cleaning agents on saliva contamination for bonding performance of zirconia ceramics. Dent Mater J. 2018 Sep 30;37(5):734-739.
15. Yoshida K. Influence of cleaning methods on resin bonding to saliva-contaminated zirconia. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018 May;30(3):259-264.
16. Kern M. Resin bonding to oxide ceramics for dental restorations. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. 2009 Jan 1;23(7-8):1097-111.
17. Kim DH, Son JS, Jeong SH, Kim YK, Kim KH, Kwon TY. Efficacy of various cleaning solutions on saliva-contaminated zirconia for improved resin bonding. J Adv Prosthodont. 2015 Apr;7(2):85-92.
18. Zhang Y, Lawn BR, Rekow ED, Thompson VP. Effect of sandblasting on the long-term performance of dental ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2004 Nov 15;71(2):381-6.
19. McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999 Jan;12(1):147-79.
20. Hoffmann C, Berganza C, Zhang J. Cold Atmospheric Plasma: methods of production and application in dentistry and oncology. Med Gas Res. 2013 Oct 1;3(1):21.
21. Chen M, Zhang Y, Sky Driver M, Caruso AN, Yu Q, Wang Y. Surface modification of several dental substrates by non-thermal, atmospheric plasma brush. Dent Mater. 2013 Aug;29(8):871-80.
22. Valverde GB, Coelho PG, Janal MN, Lorenzoni FC, Carvalho RM, Thompson VP, et al. Surface characterisation and bonding of Y-TZP following non-thermal plasma treatment. J Dent. 2013 Jan;41(1):51-9.
23. Kury M, Moura Antonialli F, S Soares LE, Pereira Machado Tabchoury C, Giannini M, Esteban Florez FL, et al. Effects of violet radiation and nonthermal atmospheric plasma on the mineral contents of enamel during in-office dental bleaching. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020 Sep;31:101848.
24. Naïtali M, Kamgang-Youbi G, Herry JM, Bellon-Fontaine MN, Brisset JL. Combined effects of long-living chemical species during microbial inactivation using atmospheric plasma-treated water. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Nov;76(22):7662-4.
25. Fricke K, Koban I, Tresp H, Jablonowski L, Schröder K, Kramer A, et al. Atmospheric pressure plasma: a high-performance tool for the efficient removal of biofilms. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42539.
26. Liu Y, Liu Q, Yu QS, Wang Y. Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasmas in Dental Restoration. J Dent Res. 2016 May;95(5):496-505.
27. Ayres AP, Freitas PH, De Munck J, Vananroye A, Clasen C, Dias CDS, et al. Benefits of Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Treatment on Dentin Adhesion. Oper Dent. 2018 Nov/Dec;43(6):E288-E299.
28. Negreiros WM, Ambrosano GMB, Giannini M. Effect of cleaning agent, primer application and their combination on the bond strength of a resin cement to two yttrium-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal zirconia ceramics. Eur J Dent. 2017 Jan-Mar;11(1):6-11.
29. Casucci A, Monticelli F, Goracci C, Mazzitelli C, Cantoro A, Papacchini F, et al. Effect of surface pre-treatments on the zirconia ceramic-resin cement microtensile bond strength. Dent Mater. 2011 Oct;27(10):1024-30.
30. Blatz MB, Sadan A, Martin J, Lang B. In vitro evaluation of shear bond strengths of resin to densely-sintered high-purity zirconium-oxide ceramic after long-term storage and thermal cycling. J Prosthet Dent. 2004 Apr;91(4):356-62.
31. Yang B, Scharnberg M, Wolfart S, Quaas AC, Ludwig K, Adelung R, et al. Influence of contamination on bonding to zirconia ceramic. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2007 May;81(2):283-90.
32. Kelly JR, Denry I. Stabilized zirconia as a structural ceramic: an overview. Dent Mater. 2008 Mar;24(3):289-98.
33. Aboushelib MN, Matinlinna JP, Salameh Z, Ounsi H. Innovations in bonding to zirconia-based materials: Part I. Dent Mater. 2008 Sep;24(9):1268-72.
34. Al-Dobaei E, Al-Akhali M, Polonskyi O, Strunskus T, Wille S, Kern M. Influence of Cleaning Methods on Resin Bonding to Contaminated Translucent 3Y-TZP ceramic. J Adhes Dent. 2020;22(4):383-391.
35. Tanaka J, Nakai H. Application of root canal cleaning agents having dissolving abilities of collagen to the surface treatment for enhanced bonding of resin to dentin. Dent Mater J. 1993 Dec;12(2):196-208.
36. Baumgartner JC, Cuenin PR. Efficacy of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation. J Endod. 1992 Dec;18(12):605-12.
37. Matinlinna JP, Heikkinen T, Ozcan M, Lassila LV, Vallittu PK. Evaluation of resin adhesion to zirconia ceramic using some organosilanes. Dent Mater. 2006 Sep;22(9):824-31.
38. Del Carpio-Perochena AE, Bramante CM, Duarte MA, Cavenago BC, Villas-Boas MH, Graeff MS, et al. Biofilm dissolution and cleaning ability of different irrigant solutions on intraorally infected dentin. J Endod. 2011 Aug;37(8):1134-8.
| Issue | Vol 23 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| Keywords | ||
| Decontamination Plasma Gases Shear Strength Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Feiz A, Sheikh Ghahderijani M. Effect of Various Cleaning Methods on Microshear Bond Strength of Contaminated Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal Ceramic to Self-Adhesive Resin Cement, and Surface Wettability. Front Dent. 2026;23.
