Effect of Abutment Taper on the Fracture Resistance of all-Ceramic Three-unit Bridges

Abstract

Statement of Problem: The connector area is the weakest zone of an all-ceramic fixed partial denture (FPD), where most catastrophic failures of the prostheses tend to occur. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of the convergence angle of abutments on the fracture resistance of three-unit fixed partial dentures made of IPS-Empress2. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted human premolars and molars were used to reproduce twenty, 3-unit fixed partial dentures, for the replacement of second premolars. All teeth were prepared according to the guidelines outlined for all-ceramic crowns and bridges, except for the convergence angles of the abutments. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups of 10, with total occlusal convergence angles of 12° and 22°. Fixed partial dentures with a uniform thickness of 0.8 mm were fabricated using IPS-Empress2 and were bonded to the corresponding models. Connector dimensions were set to 4 mm height and 4mm width. The radius of curvature at the gingival embrasure was carved to 0.9 mm. All specimens were exposed to 10,000 pre-loading cycles and a load of 40 N at a frequency of 1.3 Hz in a standardized testing machine at a cross head speed of 1mm/min. Student t-test was performed to detect any difference in the mean fracture resistance between the two groups (α = 0.05). Results: Mean failure loads (and standard deviations) of the 12° and 22° groups were 1009.12 N (208.05) and 1182.72 N (144.67), respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (P <0.04) between the mean failure loads of the two groups. Most fractures occurred through the connectors. Conclusion: The mean failure loads of the investigated fixed partial dentures were higher in the abutments with 22° taper as compared to those with a taper of 12°.