In Vitro Bacterial Leakage at the Implant-Abutment Connection of Two Dental Implant Systems with Internal Connection
Abstract
Objectives: Bacterial leakage at the implant-abutment interface is one of the main causes of peri-implant inflammation. One of the factors that influences bacterial leakage is the structural design of the interface. Considering the limited studies that have examined slip-joint connections, a comparative study of bacterial leakage was performed on two different systems namely Zimmer (Tapered Screw-Vent, Zimmer Dental) with slip-joint connection and Argon (Konus K3pro, Argon Implants) with conical connection.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-two implants were selected in 2 groups (11 Zimmer with slip-joint connection, and 11 Argon with conical connection) with similar platforms. Escherichia coli (E. coli) suspension (2 μL) was pipetted into the internal lumen of implants. The abutments were screwed onto the implants with a closing torque of 30 Ncm. The assemblies were placed in culture broth for 6, 24, 48 and 72 h, and 7 and 14 days. The colonies were counted and analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test (a=0.05).
Results: Microleakage was observed in 20% of the samples of conical connection group after 6 h to 2 days, and in 50% of the samples in slip-joint connection group after 3 to 7 days. There was a significant difference in bacterial leakage rate between the two implant groups (P<0.001) but no significant difference was seen in bacterial leakage over time (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Type of connection had a significant effect on bacterial leakage, but the rate of bacterial leakage did not significantly change over time.
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2. Goodacre CJ, Bernal G, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JY. Clinical complications with implants and implant prostheses. J Prosthet Dent 2003 Aug;90(2):121-32.
3. Hecker DM, Eckert SE. Cyclic loading of implant-supported prostheses: changes in component fit over time. J Prosthet Dent. 2003 Apr;89(4):346-51.
4. Cibirka RM, Nelson SK, Lang BR, Rueggeberg FA. Examination of the implant-abutment interface after fatigue testing. J Prosthet Dent. 2001 Mar;85(3):268-75.
5. Gratton DG, Aquilino SA, Stanford CM. Micromotion and dynamic fatigue properties of the dental implant-abutment interface. J Prosthet Dent. 2001 Jan;85(1):47-52.
6. Albrektsson T. A multicenter report on osseointegrated oral implants. J Prosthet Dent 1988 Jul;60(1):75-84.
7. Oh TJ, Yoon J, Misch CE, Wang HL. The causes of early implant bone loss: myth or science? J Periodontol 2002 Mar;73(3):322-33.
8. Broggini N, McManus LM, Hermann JS, Medina R, Schenk RK, Buser D, et al. Peri-implant inflammation defined by the implant-abutment interface. J Dent Res. 2006 May;85(5):473-8.
9. Gross M, Abramovich I, Weiss EI. Microleakage at the abutment-implant interface of osseointegrated implants: a comparative study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999 Jan-Feb;14(1):94-100.
10. Orsini G, Fanali S, Scarano A, Petrone G, di Silvestro S, Piattelli A. Tissue reactions, fluids, and bacterial infiltration in implants retrieved at autopsy: a case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2000 Mar-Apr;15(2):283-6.
11. Harder S, Quabius ES, Ossenkop L, Kern M. Assessment of lipopolysaccharide microleakage at conical implant-abutment connections. Clin Oral Investig. 2012 Oct;16(5):1377-84.
12. Steinebrunner L, Wolfart S, Bössmann K, Kern M. In vitro evaluation of bacterial leakage along the implant-abutment interface of different implant systems. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005 Nov-Dec;20(6):875-81.
13. Quirynen M, De Soete M, van Steenberghe D. Infectious risks for oral implants: a review of the literature. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002 Feb;13(1):1-19.
14. Weng D, Nagata MJ, Bell M, Bosco AF, de Melo LG, Richter EJ. Influence of microgap location and configuration on the periimplant bone morphology in submerged implants. An experimental study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008 Nov;19(11):1141-7.
15. Quirynen M, Van Steenberghe D. Bacterial colonization of the internal part of two stage implants. An in vivo study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1993;4(3):158-61.
16. Mangano C, Mangano F, Piattelli A, Iezzi G, Mangano A, La Colla L. Prospective clinical evaluation of 1920 Morse taper connection implants: results after 4 years of functional loading. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009 Mar;20(3):254-61.
17. Dibart S, Warbington M, Su MF, Skobe Z. In vitro evaluation of the implant-abutment bacterial seal: the locking taper system. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005 Sep-Oct;20(5):732-7.
18. Norton MR. Assessment of cold welding properties of the internal conical interface of two commercially available implant systems. J Prosthet Dent. 1999 Feb;81(2):159-66.
19. Garrana R, Mohangi G, Malo P. Leakage of Microbial Endotoxin through the Implant-Abutment Interface in Oral Implants: An In Vitro Study. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:9219071.
20. Romanos GE, Biltucci MT, Kokaras A, Paster BJ. Bacterial Composition at the Implant-Abutment Connection under Loading in vivo. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2016 Feb;18(1):138-45.
21. Schmitt CM, Nogueira-Filho G, Tenenbaum HC, Lai JY, Brito C, Döring H, et al. Performance of conical abutment (Morse Taper) connection implants: a systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2014 Feb;102(2):552-74.
22. Tesmer M, Wallet S, Koutouzis T, Lundgren T. Bacterial colonization of the dental implant fixture-abutment interface: an in vitro study. J Periodontol. 2009 Dec;80(12):1991-7.
23. Gherlone EF, Capparé P, Pasciuta R, Grusovin MG, Mancini N, Burioni R. Evaluation of resistance against bacterial microleakage of a new conical implant-abutment connection versus conventional connections: an in vitro study. New Microbiologica. 2016;39(1):59-66.
24. de Oliveira GR, Olate S, Pozzer L, Cavalieri-Pereira L, Rodrigues-Chessa JG, Albergaría-Barbosa JR. Bacterial contamination along implant-abutment interface in external and internal-hex dental implants. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014;7(3):580.
25. Verdugo CL, Núñez GJ, Avila AA, San Martín CL. Microleakage of the prosthetic abutment/implant interface with internal and external connection: invitro study. Clin Oral Implant Res. 2014 Jul;9(25):1078-83.
26. Sarfaraz H, Paulose A, Shenoy KK, Hussain A. A three-dimensional finite element analysis of a passive and friction fit implant abutment interface and the influence of occlusal table dimension on the stress distribution pattern on the implant and surrounding bone. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2015 Jul-Sep;15(3):229-36.
27. Besimo CE, Guindy JS, Lewetag D, Meyer J. Prevention of bacterial leakage into and from prefabricated screw-retained crowns on implants in vitro. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999 Sep-Oct;14(5):654-60.
28. do Nascimento C, Pedrazzi V, Miani PK, Moreira LD, de Albuquerque RF Jr. Influence of repeated screw tightening on bacterial leakage along the implant-abutment interface. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009 Dec;20(12):1394-7.
29. Jansen VK, Conrads G, Richter EJ. Microbial leakage and marginal fit of the implant-abutment interface. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997 Jul-Aug;12(4):527-40.
30. Harder S, Dimaczek B, Açil Y, Terheyden H, Freitag-Wolf S, Kern M. Molecular leakage at implant-abutment connection--in vitro investigation of tightness of internal conical implant-abutment connections against endotoxin penetration. Clin Oral Investig. 2010 Aug;14(4):427-32.
31. Bajoghli F, Amjadi M, Akouchekian M, Narimani T. Bacterial leakage and microgap along implant-abutment connection in three different implant systems. Int J Adv Biotechnol Res. 2016 Jan;7(4):1284-90.
32. Aloise JP, Curcio R, Laporta MZ, Rossi L, da Silva AM, Rapoport A. Microbial leakage through the implant-abutment interface of Morse taper implants in vitro. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010 Mar;21(3):328-35.
33. Nassar HI, Abdalla MF. Bacterial leakage of different internal implant/abutment connection. Future Dent J. 2015 Dec;1(1):1-5.
34. Sperandio M, Napimoga MH. Association between implant-abutment microgap and implant circularity to bacterial leakage: An in vitro study using tapered connection implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2018 May-June;33(3):505-11.
35. Kofron MD, Carstens M, Fu C, Wen HB. In vitro assessment of connection strength and stability of internal implant-abutment connections. Clin Biomech. 2019 May;65:92-9.
36. Karl M, Taylor TD. Parameters determining micromotion at the implant-abutment interface. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2014Nov-Dec;29(6):1338-47.
2. Goodacre CJ, Bernal G, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JY. Clinical complications with implants and implant prostheses. J Prosthet Dent 2003 Aug;90(2):121-32.
3. Hecker DM, Eckert SE. Cyclic loading of implant-supported prostheses: changes in component fit over time. J Prosthet Dent. 2003 Apr;89(4):346-51.
4. Cibirka RM, Nelson SK, Lang BR, Rueggeberg FA. Examination of the implant-abutment interface after fatigue testing. J Prosthet Dent. 2001 Mar;85(3):268-75.
5. Gratton DG, Aquilino SA, Stanford CM. Micromotion and dynamic fatigue properties of the dental implant-abutment interface. J Prosthet Dent. 2001 Jan;85(1):47-52.
6. Albrektsson T. A multicenter report on osseointegrated oral implants. J Prosthet Dent 1988 Jul;60(1):75-84.
7. Oh TJ, Yoon J, Misch CE, Wang HL. The causes of early implant bone loss: myth or science? J Periodontol 2002 Mar;73(3):322-33.
8. Broggini N, McManus LM, Hermann JS, Medina R, Schenk RK, Buser D, et al. Peri-implant inflammation defined by the implant-abutment interface. J Dent Res. 2006 May;85(5):473-8.
9. Gross M, Abramovich I, Weiss EI. Microleakage at the abutment-implant interface of osseointegrated implants: a comparative study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999 Jan-Feb;14(1):94-100.
10. Orsini G, Fanali S, Scarano A, Petrone G, di Silvestro S, Piattelli A. Tissue reactions, fluids, and bacterial infiltration in implants retrieved at autopsy: a case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2000 Mar-Apr;15(2):283-6.
11. Harder S, Quabius ES, Ossenkop L, Kern M. Assessment of lipopolysaccharide microleakage at conical implant-abutment connections. Clin Oral Investig. 2012 Oct;16(5):1377-84.
12. Steinebrunner L, Wolfart S, Bössmann K, Kern M. In vitro evaluation of bacterial leakage along the implant-abutment interface of different implant systems. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005 Nov-Dec;20(6):875-81.
13. Quirynen M, De Soete M, van Steenberghe D. Infectious risks for oral implants: a review of the literature. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002 Feb;13(1):1-19.
14. Weng D, Nagata MJ, Bell M, Bosco AF, de Melo LG, Richter EJ. Influence of microgap location and configuration on the periimplant bone morphology in submerged implants. An experimental study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008 Nov;19(11):1141-7.
15. Quirynen M, Van Steenberghe D. Bacterial colonization of the internal part of two stage implants. An in vivo study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1993;4(3):158-61.
16. Mangano C, Mangano F, Piattelli A, Iezzi G, Mangano A, La Colla L. Prospective clinical evaluation of 1920 Morse taper connection implants: results after 4 years of functional loading. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009 Mar;20(3):254-61.
17. Dibart S, Warbington M, Su MF, Skobe Z. In vitro evaluation of the implant-abutment bacterial seal: the locking taper system. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005 Sep-Oct;20(5):732-7.
18. Norton MR. Assessment of cold welding properties of the internal conical interface of two commercially available implant systems. J Prosthet Dent. 1999 Feb;81(2):159-66.
19. Garrana R, Mohangi G, Malo P. Leakage of Microbial Endotoxin through the Implant-Abutment Interface in Oral Implants: An In Vitro Study. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:9219071.
20. Romanos GE, Biltucci MT, Kokaras A, Paster BJ. Bacterial Composition at the Implant-Abutment Connection under Loading in vivo. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2016 Feb;18(1):138-45.
21. Schmitt CM, Nogueira-Filho G, Tenenbaum HC, Lai JY, Brito C, Döring H, et al. Performance of conical abutment (Morse Taper) connection implants: a systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2014 Feb;102(2):552-74.
22. Tesmer M, Wallet S, Koutouzis T, Lundgren T. Bacterial colonization of the dental implant fixture-abutment interface: an in vitro study. J Periodontol. 2009 Dec;80(12):1991-7.
23. Gherlone EF, Capparé P, Pasciuta R, Grusovin MG, Mancini N, Burioni R. Evaluation of resistance against bacterial microleakage of a new conical implant-abutment connection versus conventional connections: an in vitro study. New Microbiologica. 2016;39(1):59-66.
24. de Oliveira GR, Olate S, Pozzer L, Cavalieri-Pereira L, Rodrigues-Chessa JG, Albergaría-Barbosa JR. Bacterial contamination along implant-abutment interface in external and internal-hex dental implants. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014;7(3):580.
25. Verdugo CL, Núñez GJ, Avila AA, San Martín CL. Microleakage of the prosthetic abutment/implant interface with internal and external connection: invitro study. Clin Oral Implant Res. 2014 Jul;9(25):1078-83.
26. Sarfaraz H, Paulose A, Shenoy KK, Hussain A. A three-dimensional finite element analysis of a passive and friction fit implant abutment interface and the influence of occlusal table dimension on the stress distribution pattern on the implant and surrounding bone. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2015 Jul-Sep;15(3):229-36.
27. Besimo CE, Guindy JS, Lewetag D, Meyer J. Prevention of bacterial leakage into and from prefabricated screw-retained crowns on implants in vitro. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999 Sep-Oct;14(5):654-60.
28. do Nascimento C, Pedrazzi V, Miani PK, Moreira LD, de Albuquerque RF Jr. Influence of repeated screw tightening on bacterial leakage along the implant-abutment interface. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009 Dec;20(12):1394-7.
29. Jansen VK, Conrads G, Richter EJ. Microbial leakage and marginal fit of the implant-abutment interface. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997 Jul-Aug;12(4):527-40.
30. Harder S, Dimaczek B, Açil Y, Terheyden H, Freitag-Wolf S, Kern M. Molecular leakage at implant-abutment connection--in vitro investigation of tightness of internal conical implant-abutment connections against endotoxin penetration. Clin Oral Investig. 2010 Aug;14(4):427-32.
31. Bajoghli F, Amjadi M, Akouchekian M, Narimani T. Bacterial leakage and microgap along implant-abutment connection in three different implant systems. Int J Adv Biotechnol Res. 2016 Jan;7(4):1284-90.
32. Aloise JP, Curcio R, Laporta MZ, Rossi L, da Silva AM, Rapoport A. Microbial leakage through the implant-abutment interface of Morse taper implants in vitro. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010 Mar;21(3):328-35.
33. Nassar HI, Abdalla MF. Bacterial leakage of different internal implant/abutment connection. Future Dent J. 2015 Dec;1(1):1-5.
34. Sperandio M, Napimoga MH. Association between implant-abutment microgap and implant circularity to bacterial leakage: An in vitro study using tapered connection implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2018 May-June;33(3):505-11.
35. Kofron MD, Carstens M, Fu C, Wen HB. In vitro assessment of connection strength and stability of internal implant-abutment connections. Clin Biomech. 2019 May;65:92-9.
36. Karl M, Taylor TD. Parameters determining micromotion at the implant-abutment interface. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2014Nov-Dec;29(6):1338-47.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17 (Continuously Published Article-Based) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v17i32.5196 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Dental Implants Dental Leakage Bacterial Load Dental Implant-Abutment Design | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Khajavi A, Mohseni S, Peymani A, Amjadi M. In Vitro Bacterial Leakage at the Implant-Abutment Connection of Two Dental Implant Systems with Internal Connection. Front Dent. 2020;17.
