Original Article

Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with a Self-Adhering Composite in Dry and Saliva-Contaminated Conditions

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of saliva contamination on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded by a self-adhering composite compared with a conventional adhesive.

Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental study investigated 40 human premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups based on the adhesive type and bonding condition: (I) Vertise Flow composite without saliva contamination (VF), (II) Vertise Flow composite with saliva contamination (VF/S), (III) Transbond XT composite without saliva contamination (TXT), and (IV) Transbond XT composite with saliva contamination (TXT/S). After the preparation step, brackets were bonded to the buccal surface of the teeth, and samples were mounted in acrylic blocks, incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, and underwent thermocycling between 5- 55°C. Next, the SBS was measured by a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test.  P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: ANOVA showed a significant difference in SBS among the groups (P<0.001). The highest SBS was achieved in the TXT group (26.63±9.09 MPa), followed by TXT/S (13.69±4.23 MPa), VF/S (3.68±1.49 MPa), and VF (3.04±1.73 MPa).

Conclusion: Saliva contamination did not have a significant effect on SBS of brackets bonded with Vertise Flow. However, it did not provide acceptable bond strength for orthodontic bracket bonding in the clinical setting.

1. Uppal S, Somani D, Bhatia AF, Kishnani R, Mehta F, Kubavat AK. Effect of a bond enhancing agent upon shear bond strength of self cure direct
bonding orthodontic resin on dry and wet (saliva contaminated) enamel – An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Sci 2013 Jun;5(2):125-9.
2. Castilla AE, Crowe JJ, Moses JR, Wang M, Ferracane JL, Covell Jr DA. Measurement and comparison of bracket transfer accuracy of five indirect bonding techniques. Angle Orthod. 2014 Jul;84(4):607-14.
3. Brueckner C, Schneider H, Haak R. Shear bond strength and tooth-composite interaction with self-adhering flowable composites. Oper Dent. 2017;42(1):90-100.
4. Reynolds I. A review of direct orthodontic bonding. Br J Orthod. 1975 Jul;2(3):171-8.
5. Grandhi RK, Combe EC, Speidel TM. Shear bond strength of stainless steel orthodontic brackets with a moisture-insensitive primer. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Mar;119(3):251-5.
6. Lopez JI. Retentive shear strengths of various bonding attachment bases. Am J Orthod. 1980 Jun;77:669–78.
7. Silverstone LM, Hicks MJ, Featherstone MJ. Oral fluid contamination of etched enamel surfaces: an SEM study. J Am Dent Assoc 1985 Mar;110(3):329-32.
8. Rajagopal R, Padmanabhan S, Gnanamani J. A comparison of shear bond strength and debonding characteristics of conventional, moistureinsensitive,
and self-etching primers in vitro. Angle Orthod. 2004 Apr;74(2):264-8.
9. Cacciafest V, Sfondrini MF, Gatti S, Klersy C. Effect of water and saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of a new light-cured cyanoacrylate adhesive. Prog Orthod. 2007 Jan 1;8(1):100-1.
10. Ozel Bektas O, Eren D, Akin EG, Akin H. Evaluation of a self-adhering flowable composite in terms of micro-shear bond strength and microleakage. Acta Odontol Scand. 2013 Jan;71(3-4):541-6.
11. Salerno M, Derchi G, Thorat S, Ceseracciu L, Ruffilli R, Barone AC. Surface morphology and mechanical properties of new-generation flowable resin composites for dental restoration. Dent Mater. 2011 Dec;27(12):1221-8.
12. Wei Y, Silikas N, Zhang Z, Watts DC. Diffusion and concurrent solubility of self-adhering and new resinmatrix composites during water sorption/desorption cycles Dent Mater. 2011 Feb;27(2):197-205.
13. Wei Y, Silikas N, Zhang Z, Watts DC. Hygroscopic dimensional changes of self-adhering and new resin-matrix composites during water sorption/desorption cycles Dent Mater. 2011 Mar;27(3) 259-66.
14. Yuan H, Li M, Guo B, Gao Y, Liu H, Li J, et al. Evaluation of microtensile bond strength and microleakage of a self-adhering flowable composite. J Adhes Dent. 2015 Dec;17(6):535-43.
15. Vichi A, Goracci C, Ferrari M. Clinical study of the self-adhering flowable composite resin Vertise Flow in Class I restorations: six-month follow-up. Int Dent SA. 2010 Jan;12(1):14-23.
16. Poitevin A, De Munck J, Van Ende A, Suyama Y, Mine A, Peumans M, et al. Bonding effectiveness of self-adhesive composites to dentin and enamel. Dent Mater 2013 Feb;29:221-30.
17. Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020 Mar;12(1):1-6.
18. Turk T, Elekdag-Turk S, Isci D, Cakmak F, Ozkalayci N. Saliva contamination effect on shear bond strength of self-etching primer with different debond times. Angle Orthod 2007 Sep; 77(5): 901-6.
19. Khanehmasjedi M, Naseri MA, Khanehmasjedi S, Basir L. Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded with two different bonding agents under dry conditions and with saliva contamination. J Chin Med Assoc. 2017 Feb;80(2):103-8.
20. Fallahzadeh F, Tayebi A, Ahmadi S, Khosroshahian S. The effect of light curing and self-etching primer after saliva contamination on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets: An in vitro
experimental study. Orthod Waves. 2017 Mar;76(1):26-30.
21. Roelofs T, Merkens N, Roelofs J, Bronkhorst E, Breuning H. A retrospective survey of the causes of bracket-and tube-bonding failures. Angle Orthod. 2017 Jan;87(1):111-7.
22. Hafez AM, Nassar EA. The effect of saliva and blood contamination on the bond characteristics of metal bracket bonded by light cured cyanoacrylate adhesive. Egypt Dent J. 2018 Jan;64:69-75.
23. Retamoso LB, Collares FM, Ferreira ES, Samuel SM. Shear bond strength of metallic brackets: influence of saliva contamination. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 17(3): 190-4.
24. Cacciafesta V, Sfondrini MF, De Angelis M, Scribante A, Klersy C. Effect of water and saliva contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with conventional, hydrophilic, and self-etching primers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003 Jun; 123(6): 633-40.
25. Mirhashemi A, Chiniforush N, Jadidi H, Sharifi N. Comparative study of the effect of Er: YAG and Er: Cr; YSGG lasers on porcelain: etching for the bonding of orthodontic brackets. Lasers Med Sci. 2018 Dec 1;33(9):1997-2005.
26. Elekdag-Turk S, Turk T, Isci D, Ozkalayci N. Thermocycling effects on shear bond strength of a self-etching primer. Angle Orthod. 2008 Mar;78(2):351-6.
IssueVol 19 (Continuously Published Article-Based) QRcode
SectionOriginal Article
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v19i5.8548
Keywords
Dental Bonding Orthodontic Brackets Saliva

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Sharifi N, Mohammadi Z, Arab S, Shojaee M, Vafadoost F, Zakerzadeh A. Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with a Self-Adhering Composite in Dry and Saliva-Contaminated Conditions. Front Dent. 2022;19.